Networking

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) on Network Models: Set 1

1. The Internet model consists of _______ layers.A) ThreeB) FiveC) SevenD) Eight

2. The process-to-process delivery of the entire message is the responsibility of the _______ layer.A) NetworkB) TransportC) ApplicationD) Physical

3. The _______ layer is the layer closest to the transmission medium.A) PhysicalB) Data linkC) NetworkD) Transport

4. Mail services are available to network users through the _______ layer.A) Data linkB) PhysicalC) TransportD) Application

5. As the data packet moves from the upper to the lower layers, headers are _______.A) AddedB) RemovedC) RearrangedD) Modified

6. The _______ layer lies between the network layer and the application layer.A) PhysicalB) Data linkC) TransportD) None of the above

7. Layer 2 lies between the physical layer and the _______ layer.

A) NetworkB) Data linkC) TransportD) None of the above

8. When data are transmitted from device A to device B, the header from A's layer 4 is read by B's _______ layer.A) PhysicalB) TransportC) ApplicationD) None of the above

9. The _______ layer changes bits into electromagnetic signals.A) PhysicalB) Data linkC) TransportD) None of the above

10. Which of the following is an application layer service?A) Remote log-inB) File transfer and accessC) Mail serviceD) All the above

11. Why was the OSI model developed?A) Manufacturers disliked the TCP/IP protocol suite.B) The rate of data transfer was increasing exponentiallyC) Standards were needed to allow any two systems to communicateD) None of the above

12. The _______ model shows how the network functions of a computer ought to be organized.A) CCITTB) OSIC) ISOD) ANSI

13. The physical layer is concerned with the movement of _______ over the physical medium.A) programsB) dialogsC) protocolsD) bits

14. The OSI model consists of _______ layers.

A) threeB) fiveC) sevenD) eight

15. In the OSI model, as a data packet moves from the lower to the upper layers, headers are _______.A) addedB) removedC) rearrangedD) modified

16. In the OSI model, when data is transmitted from device A to device B, the header from A's layer 5 is read by B's _______ layer.A) physicalB) transportC) sessionD) presentation

17. In the OSI model, what is the main function of the transport layer?A) node-to-node deliveryB) process-to-process message deliveryC) synchronizationD) updating and maintenance of routing tables

18. In the OSI model, encryption and decryption are functions of the ________ layer.A) transportB) sessionC) presentationD) application

19. When a host on network A sends a message to a host on network B, which address does the router look at?A) portB) logicalC) physicalD) none of the above

20. To deliver a message to the correct application program running on a host, the _______ address must be consulted.A) port

B) IPC) physicalD) none of the above

21. IPv6 has _______ -bit addresses.A) 32B) 64C) 128D) variable

22. ICMPv6 includes _______.A) IGMPB) ARPC) RARPD) a and b

23. The ______ layer is responsible for moving frames from one hop (node) to the next.A) physicalB) data linkC) transportD) none of the above

24. The ______ layer adds a header to the packet coming from the upper layer that includes the logical addresses of the sender and receiver.A) physicalB) data linkC) networkD) none of the above

1. B) Five2. B) Transport3. A) Physical4. D) Application5. A) Added6. C) Transport7. A) Network8. B) Transport9. A) Physical10. D) All the above11. C) Standards were needed to allow any two systems to communicate12. B) OSI13. D) bits

14. C) seven15. B) removed16. C) session17. B) process-to-process message delivery18. C) presentation19. B) logical20. A) port21. C) 12822. D) a and b23. B) data link24. C) network

1. The_________ layer is responsible for the delivery of a message from one process to another.A) physicalB) transportC) networkD) none of the above

2. The Internetworking Protocol (IP) is a ________ protocol.A) reliableB) connection-orientedC) both a and bD) none of the above

3. _______ is a process-to-process protocol that adds only port addresses, checksum error control, and length information to the data from the upper layer.A) TCPB) UDPC) IPD) none of the above

4. __________ provides full transport layer services to applications.A) TCPB) UDPC) ARPD) none of the above

5. The ________ address, also known as the link address, is the address of a node as defined by its LAN or WAN.A) portB) physical

C) logicalD) none of the above

6. Ethernet uses a ______ physical address that is imprinted on the network interface card (NIC).A) 32-bitB) 64-bitC) 6-byteD) none of the above

7. A port address in TCP/IP is ______ bits long.A) 32B) 48C) 16D) none of the above

8. The ____ created a model called the Open Systems Interconnection, which allows diverse systems to communicate.A) OSIB) ISOC) IEEED) none of the above

9. The seven-layer _____ model provides guidelines for the development of universally compatible networking protocols.A) OSIB) ISOC) IEEED) none of the above

10. The physical, data link, and network layers are the ______ support layers.A) userB) networkC) both (a) and (b)D) neither (a) nor (b)

11. The session, presentation, and application layers are the ____ support layers.A) userB) networkC) both (a) and (b)D) neither (a) nor (b)

12. The _______ layer links the network support layers and the user support layers.A) transportB) networkC) data linkD) session

13. The _______ layer coordinates the functions required to transmit a bit stream over a physical medium.A) transportB) networkC) data linkD) physical

14. The _______ layer is responsible for delivering data units from one station to the next without errors.A) transportB) networkC) data linkD) physical

15. The ______ layer is responsible for the source-to-destination delivery of a packet across multiple network links.A) transportB) networkC) data linkD) physical

16. The ________ layer is responsible for the process-to-process delivery of the entire message.A) transportB) networkC) data linkD) physical

17. The ______ layer establishes, maintains, and synchronizes the interactions between communicating devices.A) transportB) networkC) sessionD) physical

18. The _______ layer ensures interoperability between communicating devices through transformation of data into a mutually agreed upon format.A) transportB) networkC) data linkD) presentation

19. The _________ layer enables the users to access the network.A) transportB) applicationC) data linkD) physical

20. TCP/IP is a ______ hierarchical protocol suite developed ____ the OSI model.A) seven-layer; beforeB) five-layer; beforeC) six-layer; beforeD) five-layer; after

21. The TCP/IP _______ layer is equivalent to the combined session, presentation, and application layers of the OSI model.A) applicationB) networkC) data linkD) physical

22. The ________ address, also known as the link address, is the address of a node as defined by its LAN or WAN.A) physicalB) IPC) portD) specific

23. The ____ address uniquely defines a host on the Internet.A) physicalB) IPC) portD) specific

24. The_____ address identifies a process on a host.A) physicalB) IP

C) portD) specific

1. B) transport2. D) none of the above3. B) UDP4. A) TCP5. B) physical6. C) 6-byte7. C) 168. B) ISO9. A) OSI10. B) network11. A) user12. A) transport13. D) physical14. C) data link15. B) network16. A) transport17. C) session18. D) presentation19. B) application20. B) five-layer; before21. A) application22. A) physical23. B) IP24. C) port25. 1. What term is used to describe two or more computers that are linked to each other?26. A) Star connection27. B) Computer system28. C) Computer network29. D) Net30. 31. 2. What interface card do you need to connect to a network?32. A) ISP card33. B) Wireless card34. C) Router35. D) NIC36. 37. 3. Which of the following is not described as a typical network classification?38. A) Local area network39. B) Wide area network40. C) Metropolitan area network41. D) County area network42.

43. 4. What type of network device allows you to share your connection to the Internet with other computers in your home?

44. A) Ethernet card45. B) NIC46. C) Router47. D) Cat 548. 49. 5. What is another name for a shared network?50. A) WAP51. B) Switch52. C) Broadband router53. D) Hub54. 55. 6. What type of network is commonly used in a college lab environment?56. A) WAN57. B) MAN58. C) LAN59. D) CAN60. 61. 7. What type of network is commonly used in an international organization?62. A) WAN63. B) MAN64. C) LAN65. D) CAN66. 67. 8. What is the term used to describe the amount of space you have to transmit to and

from the Internet?68. A) Internet speed69. B) Network speed70. C) Router71. D) Bandwidth72. 73. 9. Which of the following high-speed circuits is the fastest?74. A) T175. B) T276. C) T377. D) DS378. 79. 10. What type of communication media is the most widely used cabling for data transfer

today?80. A) Cat 581. B) Twisted pair82. C) Coaxial83. D) Optical fiber84. 85. ANSWERS:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10C D D C D C A D D A

1. Before data can be transmitted, they must be transformed to ________.

A) periodic signals

B) electromagnetic signals

C) aperiodic signals

D) low-frequency sine waves

2. A periodic signal completes one cycle in 0.001 s. What is the frequency?

A) 1 Hz

B) 100 Hz

C) 1 KHz

D) 1 MHz

3. In a frequency-domain plot, the horizontal axis measures the ________.

A) peak amplitude

B) frequency

C) phase

D) slope

4. In a time-domain plot, the horizontal axis is a measure of ________.

A) signal amplitude

B) frequency

C) phase

D) time

5. If the bandwidth of a signal is 5 KHz and the lowest frequency is 52 KHz, what is the highest frequency?

A) 5 KHz

B) 10 KHz

C) 47 KHz

D) 57 KHz

6. What is the bandwidth of a signal that ranges from 1 MHz to 4 MHz?

A) 4 MHz

B) 1 KHz

C) 3 MHz

D) none of the above

7. As frequency increases, the period ________.

A) decreases

B) increases

C) remains the same

D) doubles

8. Given two sine waves A and B, if the frequency of A is twice that of B, then the period of B is ________ that of A.

A) one-half

B) twice

C) the same as

D) indeterminate from

9. A sine wave is ________.

A) periodic and continuous

B) aperiodic and continuous

C) periodic and discrete

D) aperiodic and discrete

10. If the maximum amplitude of a sine wave is 2 V, the minimum amplitude is ________ V.

A) 2

B) 1

C) -2

D) between -2 and 2

11. A signal is measured at two different points. The power is P1 at the first point and P2 at the second point. The dB is 0. This means ________.

A) P2 is zero

B) P2 equals P1

C) P2 is much larger than P1

D) P2 is much smaller than P1

12. ________ is a type of transmission impairment in which the signal loses strength due to the resistance of the transmission medium.

A) Attenuation

B) Distortion

C) Noise

D) Decibel

13. ________ is a type of transmission impairment in which the signal loses strength due to the different propagation speeds of each frequency that makes up the signal.

A) Attenuation

B) Distortion

C) Noise

D) Decibel

14. ________ is a type of transmission impairment in which an outside source such as crosstalk corrupts a signal.

A) Attenuation

B) Distortion

C) Noise

D) Decibel

15. When propagation speed is multiplied by propagation time, we get the ________.

A) throughput

B) wavelength of the signal

C) distortion factor

D) distance a signal or bit has traveled

16. Data can be ________.

A) analog

B) digital

C) (a) or (b)


17. _______ data are continuous and take continuous values.

A) analog

B) digital

C) (a) or (b)


ANSWERS:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17B C B D D C A B A C B A B C D C A

1. _______ data have discrete states and take discrete values.

A) Analog

B) Digital

C) (a) or (b)

D) None of the above

2. Signals can be ________.

A) analog

B) digital

C) either (a) or (b)

D) neither (a) nor (b)

3. _____ signals can have an infinite number of values in a range.

A) Analog

B) Digital

C) (a) or (b)


4. _______ signals can have only a limited number of values.

A) Analog

B) Digital

C) (a) or (b)


5. Frequency and period are ______.

A) inverse of each other

B) proportional to each other

C) the same


6. ________is the rate of change with respect to time.

A) Amplitude

B) Time

C) Frequency

D) Voltage

7. _______ describes the position of the waveform relative to time 0.

A) Frequency

B) Phase

C) Amplitude

D) Voltage

8. A sine wave in the ______ domain can be represented by one single spike in the _____ domain.

A) time; frequency

B) frequency; time

C) time; phase

D) phase; time

9. A _________ sine wave is not useful in data communications; we need to send a _______ signal.

A) composite; single-frequency

B) single-frequency; composite

C) single-frequency; double-frequency


10. The _____ of a composite signal is the difference between the highest and the lowest frequencies contained in that signal.

A) frequency

B) period

C) bandwidth

D) amplitude

11. A(n)_________ signal is a composite analog signal with an infinite bandwidth.

A) digital

B) analog



12. Baseband transmission of a digital signal is possible only if we have a ____ channel.

A) low-pass

B) bandpass

C) low rate

D) high rate

13. If the available channel is a ____ channel, we cannot send a digital signal directly to the channel.

A) low-pass

B) bandpass

C) low rate

D) high rate

14. For a ______ channel, the Nyquist bit rate formula defines the theoretical maximum bit rate.

A) noisy

B) noiseless

C) bandpass

D) low-pass

15. For a ______ channel, we need to use the Shannon capacity to find the maximum bit rate.

A) noisy

B) noiseless

C) bandpass

D) low-pass

16. _________ can impair a signal.

A) Attenuation

B) Distortion

C) Noise

D) All of the above

17. The _________ product defines the number of bits that can fill the link.

A) bandwidth-period

B) frequency-amplitude

C) bandwidth-delay

D) delay-amplitude

ANSWERS:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17B C A B A C B A B C A A B B A D C

1. Unipolar, bipolar, and polar encoding are types of _______ encoding.

A) line

B) block

C) NRZ

D) Manchester

2. _______ encoding has a transition at the middle of each bit.

A) RZ

B) Manchester

C) Differential Manchester

D) All the above

3. _______ encoding has a transition at the beginning of each 0 bit.

A) RZ

B) Manchester

C) Differential Manchester

D) All the above

4. PCM is an example of _______ conversion.

A) digital-to-digital

B) digital-to-analog

C) analog-to-analog

D) analog-to-digital

5. If the frequency spectrum of a signal has a bandwidth of 500 Hz with the highest frequency at 600 Hz, what should be the sampling rate, according to the Nyquist theorem?

A) 200 samples/s

B) 500 samples/s

C) 1000 samples/s

D) 1200 samples/s

6. The Nyquist theorem specifies the minimum sampling rate to be_______.

A) equal to the lowest frequency of a signal

B) equal to the highest frequency of a signal

C) twice the bandwidth of a signal

D) twice the highest frequency of a signal

7. Which of the following encoding methods does not provide for synchronization?

A) NRZ-L

B) RZ

C) NRZ-I

D) Manchester

8. Which encoding method uses alternating positive and negative values for 1s?

A) NRZ-I

B) RZ

C) Manchester

D) AMI

9. Which quantization level results in a more faithful reproduction of the signal?

A) 2

B) 8

C) 16

D) 32

10. Block coding can help in _______ at the receiver.

A) Synchronization

B) Error detection

C) Attenuation

D) (a) and (b)

11. In _______ transmission, bits are transmitted simultaneously, each across its own wire.

A) Asynchronous serial

B) Synchronous serial

C) Parallel

D) (a) and (b)

12. In _______ transmission, bits are transmitted over a single wire, one at a time.

A) asynchronous serial

B) synchronous serial

C) parallel

D) (a) and (b)

13. In _______ transmission, a start bit and a stop bit frame a character byte.

A) asynchronous serial

B) synchronous serial

C) parallel

D) (a) and (b)

14. In asynchronous transmission, the gap time between bytes is _______.

A) fixed

B) variable

C) a function of the data rate

D) zero

15. ___________ conversion involves three techniques: line coding, block coding, and scrambling.

A) Analog-to-digital

B) Digital-to-analog

C) Analog-to-analog

D) Digital-to-digital

16. ________ is the process of converting digital data to a digital signal.

A) Block coding

B) Line coding

C) Scrambling


17. _______ provides redundancy to ensure synchronization and inherent error detection.

A) Block coding

B) Line coding

C) Scrambling


18. ________ is normally referred to as mB/nB coding; it replaces each m-bit group with an n-bit group.

A) Block coding

B) Line coding

C) Scrambling


19. ________ provides synchronization without increasing the number of bits.

A) Scrambling

B) Line coding

C) Block coding


20. Two common scrambling techniques are ________.

A) NRZ and RZ

B) AMI and NRZ

C) B8ZS and HDB3

D) Manchester and differential Manchester

21. The most common technique to change an analog signal to digital data is called __________.

A) PAL

B) PCM

C) sampling


22. The first step in PCM is ________.

A) quantization

B) modulation

C) sampling


23. There are three sampling methods: __________.

A) quantized, sampled, and ideal

B) ideal, sampled, and flat-top

C) ideal, natural, and flat-top


24. ______ finds the value of the signal amplitude for each sample; ____ finds the change from the previous sample.

A) DM; PCM

B) PCM; DM

C) DM; CM


ANSWERS:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24A D C D D D A D D D C D A B D B A A A C B C C B

1. While there is (are) only _____ way(s) to send parallel data, there is (are) three subclass(es) of serial transmission.

A) one; two

B) two; three

C) one; three


2. In ______ transmission, we send 1 start bit (0) at the beginning and 1 or more stop bits (1s) at the end of each byte.

A) synchronous

B) asynchronous

C) isochronous


3. In _________ transmission, we send bits one after another without start or stop bits or gaps. It is the responsibility of the receiver to group the bits.

A) synchronous

B) asynchronous

C) isochronous


4. The ________ mode provides synchronization for the entire stream of bits must. In other words, it guarantees that the data arrive at a fixed rate.

A) synchronous

B) asynchronous

C) isochronous


5. A _________ digital signal includes timing information in the data being transmitted.

A) self-synchronizing

B) self-modulated

C) self-transmitted


6. In decoding a digital signal, the receiver calculates a running average of the received signal power, called the _______.

A) baseline

B) base

C) line


7. The ________ rate defines the number of data elements sent in 1s; the ______ rate is the number of signal elements sent in 1s.

A) data; signal

B) signal; data

C) baud; bit


8. The signal rate is sometimes called the ____ rate.

A) baud

B) bit

C) signal


9. The data rate is sometimes called the ___ rate.

A) baud

B) bit

C) signal


10. In a _____ scheme, all the signal levels are on one side of the time axis, either above or below.

A) polar

B) bipolar

C) unipolar

D) all of the above

11. In ______ schemes, the voltages are on the both sides of the time axis. For example, the voltage level for 0 can be positive and the voltage level for 1 can be negative.

A) polar

B) bipolar

C) unipolar

D) all of the above

12. In _____, the level of the voltage determines the value of the bit.

A) NRZ-I

B) NRZ-L

C) both (a) and (b)


13. In ______, the change or lack of change in the level of the voltage determines the value of the bit.

A) NRZ-I

B) NRZ-L

C) both (a) and (b)


14. The idea of RZ and the idea of NRZ-L are combined into the ________ scheme.

A) Manchester

B) differential Manchester

C) both (a) and (b)


15. The idea of RZ and the idea of NRZ-I are combined into the ________ scheme.

A) Manchester


C) both (a) and (b)


16. In _______ encoding, the duration of the bit is divided into two halves. The voltage remains at one level during the first half and moves to the other level in the second half. The transition at the middle of the bit provides synchronization.

A) Manchester


C) both (a) and (b)


17. In ___________ there is always a transition at the middle of the bit, but the bit values are determined at the beginning of the bit. If the next bit is 0, there is a transition; if the next bit is 1, there is none.

A) Manchester


C) both (a) and (b)


18. In Manchester and differential Manchester encoding, the transition at the middle of the bit is used for __________.

A) bit transfer

B) baud transfer

C) synchronization


19. The minimum bandwidth of Manchester and differential Manchester is ____ that of NRZ.

A) the same as

B) twice

C) thrice


20. In _______encoding, we use three levels: positive, zero, and negative.

A) unipolar

B) bipolar

C) polar


21 The _____ scheme uses data patterns of size 2 and encodes the 2-bit patterns as one signal element belonging to a four-level signal.

A) 4B5B

B) 2B1Q

C) MLT-3


22. The ______ scheme uses three levels (+V, 0, and -V) and three transition rules to move between the levels.

A) 4B5B

B) 2B1Q

C) MLT-3


23. ______ substitutes eight consecutive zeros with 000VB0VB.

A) B4B8

B) HDB3

C) B8ZS


24. ______ substitutes four consecutive zeros with 000V or B00V

A) B4B8

B) HDB3

C) B8ZSf


ANSWERS:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24C B A C A A A A B C A B A A B C B C B B B C C B

1. ASK, PSK, FSK, and QAM are examples of ________ conversion.



C) analog-to-analog


2. AM and FM are examples of ________ conversion.



C) analog-to-analog


3. In QAM, both ________ of a carrier frequency are varied.

A) frequency and amplitude

B) phase and frequency

C) amplitude and phase


4. If the baud rate is 400 for a QPSK signal, the bit rate is ________ bps.

A) 100

B) 400

C) 800

D) 1600

5. If the bit rate for an ASK signal is 1200 bps, the baud rate is ________.

A) 300

B) 400

C) 600

D) 1200

6. If the bit rate for an FSK signal is 1200 bps, the baud rate is ________.

A) 300

B) 400

C) 600

D) 1200

7. If the bit rate for a 16-QAM signal is 4000 bps, what is the baud rate?

A) 300

B) 400

C) 1000

D) 1200

8. If the baud rate for a 64-QAM signal is 2000, what is the bit rate?

A) 300

B) 400

C) 1000

D) 12000

9. Given an AM radio signal with a bandwidth of 10 KHz and the highest-frequency component at 705 KHz, what is the frequency of the carrier signal?

A) 700 KHz

B) 705 KHz

C) 710 KHz

D) Cannot be determined from given information

10. _______ conversion is the process of changing one of the characteristics of an analog signal based on the information in the digital data.

A) Digital-to-analog

B) Analog-to-analog

C) Analog-to-digital


11. Which of the following is not a digital-to-analog conversion?

A) ASK

B) PSK

C) FSK

D) AM

12. In ________, the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied to create signal elements. Both frequency and phase remain constant.

A) ASK

B) PSK

C) FSK

D) QAM

13. In _________, the frequency of the carrier signal is varied to represent data. Both peak amplitude and phase remain constant.

A) ASK

B) PSK

C) FSK

D) QAM

14. In ________, the phase of the carrier is varied to represent two or more different signal elements. Both peak amplitude and frequency remain constant.

A) ASK

B) PSK

C) FSK

D) QAM

15. A constellation diagram shows us the __________ of a signal element, particularly when we are using two carriers (one in-phase and one quadrature).

A) amplitude and phase

B) amplitude and frequency

C) frequency and phase


16. Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is a combination of ___________.

A) ASK and FSK

B) ASK and PSK

C) PSK and FSK


17. ________ uses two carriers, one in-phase and the other quadrature.

A) ASK

B) PSK

C) FSK

D) QAM

18. _________ conversion is the representation of analog information by an analog signal.

A) Digital-to-analog

B) Analog-to-analog

C) Analog-to-digital


19. Analog-to-analog conversion is needed if the available bandwidth is _______.

A) low-pass

B) band-pass



20. Which of the following is not an analog-to-analog conversion?

A) AM

B) PM

C) FM

D) QAM

21. In _____ transmission, the carrier signal is modulated so that its amplitude varies with the changing amplitudes of the modulating signal.

A) AM

B) PM

C) FM


22. In _____ transmission, the frequency of the carrier signal is modulated to follow the changing voltage level (amplitude) of the modulating signal. The peak amplitude and phase of the carrier signal remain constant, but as the amplitude of the information signal changes, the frequency of the carrier changes correspondingly.

A) AM

B) PM

C) FM


23. In _____ transmission, the phase of the carrier signal is modulated to follow the changing voltage level (amplitude) of the modulating signal.

A) AM

B) PM

C) FM


24. In _______, the peak amplitude of one signal level is 0; the other is the same as the amplitude of the carrier frequency.

A) PSK

B) OOK

C) FSK


25. How many carrier frequencies are used in BASK?

A) 2

B) 1

C) 0


26. How many carrier frequencies are used in BFSK?

A) 2

B) 1

C) 0


27. How many carrier frequencies are used in BPSK?

A) 2

B) 1

C) 0


28. How many carrier frequencies are used in QPSK?

A) 2

B) 1

C) 0


29. The constellation diagram of BASK has ______ dots.

A) 2

B) 1

C) 0


30. The constellation diagram of BPSK has ______ dots.

A) 2

B) 1

C) 0


31. The constellation diagram of QPSK has ______ dots.

A) 2

B) 1

C) 4


32. The constellation diagram of 16-QAM has ______ dots.

A) 4

B) 16

C) 8


33. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allows ______kHz for each AM station.

A) 5

B) 10

C) 20


34. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allows ______ kHz for each FM station.

A) 20

B) 100

C) 200


ANSWERS:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34B C C C D D C D A A D A C B A B D B B D A C B B B A B A A A C B B

1. The sharing of a medium and its link by two or more devices is called _______.

A) modulation

B) encoding

C) line discipline

D) multiplexing

2. Which multiplexing technique transmits analog signals?

A) FDM

B) TDM

C) WDM

D) (a) and (c)

3. Which multiplexing technique transmits digital signals?

A) FDM

B) TDM

C) WDM


4. Which multiplexing technique shifts each signal to a different carrier frequency?

A) FDM

B) TDM

C) Both (a) and (b)


5. In synchronous TDM, for n signal sources of the same data rate, each frame contains _______ slots.

A) n

B) n + 1

C) n - 1

D) 0 to n

6. In TDM, the transmission rate of the multiplexed path is usually _______ the sum of the transmission rates of the signal sources.

A) greater than

B) less than

C) equal to

D) not related to

7. Which multiplexing technique involves signals composed of light beams?

A) FDM

B) TDM

C) WDM


8. _________ utilization is the use of available bandwidth to achieve specific goals.

A) Frequency

B) Bandwidth

C) Amplitude


9. ________ can be achieved by using multiplexing; ______ can be achieved by using spreading.

A) Efficiency; privacy and antijamming

B) Privacy and antijamming; efficiency

C) Privacy and efficiency; antijamming

D) Efficiency and antijamming; privacy

10. ________ is the set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single data link.

A) Demodulating

B) Multiplexing

C) Compressing


11. In a multiplexed system, __ lines share the bandwidth of ____ link.

A) 1; n

B) 1; 1

C) n; 1

D) n; n

12. The word ______ refers to the portion of a _______ that carries a transmission.

A) channel; link

B) link; channel

C) line; channel

D) line; link

13. ______ can be applied when the bandwidth of a link (in hertz) is greater than the combined bandwidths of the signals to be transmitted.

A) TDM

B) FDM

C) Both (a) or (b)

D) Neither (a) or (b)

14. FSM is an _________technique.

A) analog

B) digital



15. ____ is designed to use the high bandwidth capability of fiber-optic cable.

A) FDM

B) TDM

C) WDM


16. ______ is an analog multiplexing technique to combine optical signals.

A) FDM

B) TDM

C) WDM


17. _____ is a digital process that allows several connections to share the high bandwidth of a link.

A) FDM

B) TDM

C) WDM


18. _____ is a digital multiplexing technique for combining several low-rate channels into one high-rate one.

A) FDM

B) TDM

C) WDM


19. We can divide ____ into two different schemes: synchronous or statistical.

A) FDM

B) TDM

C) WDM


20. In ________ TDM, each input connection has an allotment in the output even if it is not sending data.

A) synchronous

B) statistical

C) isochronous


21. In ________ TDM, slots are dynamically allocated to improve bandwidth efficiency.

A) synchronous

B) statistical

C) isochronous


22 . In ________, we combine signals from different sources to fit into a larger bandwidth.

A) spread spectrum

B) line coding

C) block coding


23. _______ is designed to be used in wireless applications in which stations must be able to share the medium without interception by an eavesdropper and without being subject to jamming from a malicious intruder.

A) Spread spectrum

B) Multiplexing

C) Modulation

D) None of the above.

24. The _______ technique uses M different carrier frequencies that are modulated by the source signal. At one moment, the sign modulates one carrier frequency; at the next moment, the signal modulates another carrier frequency.

A) FDM

B) DSSS

C) FHSS

D) TDM

25. The ______ technique expands the bandwidth of a signal by replacing each data bit with n bits.

A) FDM

B) DSSS

C) FHSS

D) TDM

ANSWERS:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25D D B A A A C B A B C A B A C C B B B A B A A C B

1. Transmission media are usually categorized as _______.

A) fixed or unfixed

B) guided or unguided

C) determinate or indeterminate

D) metallic or nonmetallic

2. Transmission media lie below the _______ layer.

A) physical

B) network

C) transport

D) application

3. _______ cable consists of an inner copper core and a second conducting outer sheath.

A) Twisted-pair

B) Coaxial

C) Fiber-optic

D) Shielded twisted-pair

4. In fiber optics, the signal is _______ waves.

A) light

B) radio

C) infrared

D) very low-frequency

5. Which of the following primarily uses guided media?

A) cellular telephone system

B) local telephone system

C) satellite communications

D) radio broadcasting

6. Which of the following is not a guided medium?

A) twisted-pair cable

B) coaxial cable

C) fiber-optic cable

D) atmosphere

7. What is the major factor that makes coaxial cable less susceptible to noise than twisted-pair cable?

A) inner conductor

B) diameter of cable

C) outer conductor

D) insulating material

8. In an optical fiber, the inner core is _______ the cladding.

A) denser than

B) less dense than

C) the same density as

D) another name for

9. The inner core of an optical fiber is _______ in composition.

A) glass or plastic

B) copper

C) bimetallic

D) liquid

10. When a beam of light travels through media of two different densities, if the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, _______ occurs.

A) reflection

B) refraction

C) incidence

D) criticism

11. When the angle of incidence is _______ the critical angle, the light beam bends along the interface.

A) more than

B) less than

C) equal to


12. Signals with a frequency below 2 MHz use _______ propagation.

A) ground

B) sky

C) line-of-sight


13. Signals with a frequency between 2 MHz and 30 MHz use ______ propagation.

A) ground

B) sky

C) line-of-sight


14. Signals with a frequency above 30 MHz use _______propagation.

A) ground

B) sky

C) line-of-sight


15. A parabolic dish antenna is a(n) _______ antenna.

A) omnidirectional

B) bidirectional

C) unidirectional

D) horn

16. A(n) _____ medium provides a physical conduit from one device to another.

A) guided

B) unguided



17. ________ cable consists of two insulated copper wires twisted together.

A) Coaxial

B) Fiber-optic

C) Twisted-pair


18. _______ cable is used for voice and data communications.

A) Coaxial

B) Fiber-optic

C) Twisted-pair


19. __________ consists of a central conductor and a shield.

A) Coaxial

B) Fiber-optic

C) Twisted-pair


20. _____ cable can carry signals of higher frequency ranges than _____ cable.

A) Twisted-pair; fiber-optic

B) Coaxial; fiber-optic

C) Coaxial; twisted-pair


21. ______ cables are composed of a glass or plastic inner core surrounded by cladding, all encased in an outside jacket.

A) Coaxial

B) Fiber-optic

C) Twisted-pair


22. ______ cables carry data signals in the form of light.

A) Coaxial

B) Fiber-optic

C) Twisted-pair


23. In a fiber-optic cable, the signal is propagated along the inner core by _______.

A) reflection

B) refraction

C) modulation


24. _________ media transport electromagnetic waves without the use of a physical conductor.

A) Guided

B) Unguided

C) Either (a) or (b)


25. Radio waves are _________.

A) omnidirectional

B) unidirectional

C) bidirectional


26. Microwaves are _________.

A) omnidirectional

B) unidirectional

C) bidirectional


27. _______ are used for cellular phone, satellite, and wireless LAN communications.

A) Radio waves

B) Microwaves

C) Infrared waves


28. ________ are used for short-range communications such as those between a PC and a peripheral device.

A) Radio waves

B) Microwaves

C) Infrared waves


ANSWERS:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28B A B A B D C A A A C A B C C A C C A C B B A B A B B C

1. Traditionally, _____ methods of switching have been important.

A) four

B) three

C) five

D) six

2. We can divide today's networks into ____ broad categories.

A) four

B) three

C) five

D) two

3. Packet-switched networks can also be divided into ______subcategories: virtual-circuit networks and datagram networks

A) four

B) three

C) two

D) five

4. A ________ network is made of a set of switches connected by physical links, in which each link is divided into n channels.

A) line-switched

B) frame-switched

C) circuit-switched


5. Circuit switching takes place at the ________ layer.

A) data line

B) physical

C) network

D) transport

6. In _______, the resources need to be reserved during the setup phase; the resources remain dedicated for the entire duration of data transfer phase until the teardown phase.

A) datagram switching

B) circuit switching

C) frame switching


7. In _________, there is no resource allocation for a packet.



C) frame switching


8. In _________, resources are allocated on demand.



C) frame switching


9. In __________, each packet is treated independently of all others.



C) frame switching


10. In _______ there are no setup or teardown phases.



C) frame switching


11. A _________ network is a cross between a circuit-switched network and a datagram network. It has some characteristics of both.

A) virtual-circuit

B) packet-switched

C) frame-switched


12. We can say that a packet switch has _______ types of components.

A) two

B) three

C) four


13. The simplest type of switching fabric is the ______ switch.

A) crosspoint

B) crossbar

C) TSI

D) STS

14. A ________ switch is a multistage switch with microswitches at each stage that route the packets based on the output port represented as a binary string.

A) crossbar

B) TSI

C) banyan


15. In a banyan switch, for 8 inputs and 8 outputs, we have _____ stages.

A) 8

B) 4

C) 3

D) 2

16. In a banyan switch, for 8 inputs and 8 outputs, we have _____ microswitches at each stage.

A) 8

B) 4

C) 3

D) 2

17. A ________ switch combines space-division and time-division technologies to take advantage of the best of both.

A) TST

B) SSS

C) TTT


18. The most popular technology in time-division switching is called the _________.

A) STI

B) ITS

C) TSI


19. Based on the Clos criteria, if N = 200, then n must be equal to or greater than ____.

A) 10

B) 20

C) 30

D) 40

20. Based on the Clos criteria, if N = 200, then k must be equal to or greater than ____.

A) 21

B) 19

C) 31

D) 41

21. Based on the Clos criteria, if N = 200, then the minimum number of crosspoints is greater than or equal to _______.

A) 15,200

B) 18,000

C) 42,000

D) 20,000

22. In a one-stage space division switch, if N = 200, the number of crosspoints is ______.

A) 10,000

B) 20,000

C) 40,000

D) 30,000

23. In a three-stage space division switch, if N = 200, the number of crosspoints is ______.

A) 40,000

B) greater than 40,000

C) less than 40,000

D) greater than 100,000

24. A ________ switch combines crossbar switches in several (normally three) stages.

A) multistage

B) multiple crossbar

C) multiple path


25. In _______ switching, the paths in the circuit are separated from one another spatially.

A) time-division

B) space-division

C) two-dimensional

D) three-dimensional

26. A switched WAN is normally implemented as a _______ network.

A) virtual-circuit

B) datagram

C) circuit-switched


27. In a ________ network, two types of addressing are involved: global and local.

A) virtual-circuit

B) datagram

C) circuit-switched


28. The network layer in the Internet is designed as a __________ network.

A) virtual-circuit

B) datagram

C) circuit-switched


29. A switch in a datagram network uses a routing table that is based on the ______ address.

A) source

B) destination

C) local


30. The _______ address in the header of a packet in a datagram network normally remains the same during the entire journey of the packet.

A) source

B) destination

C) local


ANSWERS:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29B B C C B B A A A A A C B C C B A C A B A C C A B A A B B

1. A local telephone network is an example of a _______ network.

A) packet-switched

B) circuit-switched

C) message-switched


2. The local loop has _______ cable that connects the subscriber telephone to the nearest end office.

A) twisted-pair

B) coaxial

C) fiber-optic


3. Data from a computer are _______; the local loop handles _______ signals.

A) analog; analog

B) analog; digital

C) digital; digital

D) digital; analog

4. _______ is suitable for businesses that require comparable upstream and downstream data rates.

A) VDSL

B) ADSL

C) SDSL

D) (a) and (b)

5. DMT is a modulation technique that combines elements of _______ and _______.

A) FDM; TDM

B) QDM; QAM

C) FDM; QAM

D) PSK; FSK

6. The largest portion of the bandwidth for ADSL carries _______.

A) voice communication

B) upstream data

C) downstream data

D) control data

7. _______ was designed as an alternative to the T-1 line.

A) VDSL

B) ADSL

C) SDSL

D) HDSL

8. HDSL encodes data using _______.

A) 4B/5B

B) 2B1Q

C) 1B2Q

D) 6B/8T

9. Another name for the cable TV office is the _______.

A) splitter

B) fiber node

C) combiner

D) head end

10. A traditional cable TV network transmits signals ______.

A) upstream

B) downstream

C) upstream and downstream


11. In an HFC network, the downstream data are modulated using the _______ modulation technique.

A) PSK

B) QAM

C) PCM

D) ASK

12. In an HFC network, the upstream data are modulated using the _______ modulation technique.

A) QAM

B) QPSK

C) PCM

D) ASK

13. The standard for data transmission over an HFC network is called _______.

A) MCNS

B) DOCSIS

C) CMTS

D) ADSL

14. The original telephone network, which is referred to as the plain old telephone system (POTS), was an ________ system.

A) digital

B) analog

C) digital as well as analog


15. The modern telephone network is now ________.

A) digital

B) analog

C) digital as well as analog


16. The telephone network is made of ______ major components.

A) 2

B) 3

C) 4


17. The United States is divided into many _______.

A) LECs

B) LATAs

C) IXCs


18. The carrier that handles intra-LATA services is called a(n) _____ .

A) POP

B) IXC

C) LEC


19. The carrier that handles inter-LATA services is called a(n) _______.

A) POP

B) IXC

C) LEC


20. In ______signaling, the same circuit is used for both signaling and data.

A) in-band

B) out-of-band

C) mixed


21. In ________signaling, a portion of the bandwidth is used for signaling and another portion for data.

A) in-band

B) out-of-band

C) mixed


22. The protocol that is used for signaling in the telephone network is called ______.

A) POP

B) SSS

C) SS7


23. Telephone companies provide two types of analog services: analog _______ services and analog _____services.

A) switched; in-band

B) out-of-band; in-band

C) switched; leased

D) leased; out-of-band

24. The two most common digital services are ________ service and ______.

A) switched/56; switched/64

B) switched/56; DDS

C) DDS; swiched 64

D) leased; out-of-band

25. The term modem is a composite word that refers to the two functional entities that make up the device: a signal _______ and a signal _______.

A) modulator; demodulator

B) demodulator; modulator

C) modern; demo


26. Most popular modems available are based on the ________standards.

A) V-series

B) X-series

C) VX-series


27. ______technology is a set of technologies develpoed by the telephone companies to provide high data rate transmission.

A) ASL

B) DSL

C) LDS


28. The traditional cable TV system used ________cable end to end.

A) twisted-pair

B) coaxial

C) fiber-optic


29. The second generation of cable networks is called a(n) _________ network.

A) HFC

B) HCF

C) CFH


30. The HFC network uses _______ cable.

A) twisted-pair

B) coaxial

C) fiber-optic

D) a combination of (b) and (c)

31. To use a cable network for data transmission, we need two key devices: a ______ and a _________

A) CM; CMS

B) CT; CMTS

C) CM; CMTS


ANSWERS:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31B A D C C C D B D B B B B B C B B C B A B C C B A A B B A D

1. Which error detection method uses one's complement arithmetic?

A) Simple parity check

B) Two-dimensional parity check

C) CRC

D) Checksum

2. Which error detection method consists of just one redundant bit per data unit?

A) Simple parity check

B) Two-dimensional parity check

C) CRC

D) Checksum

3. In cyclic redundancy checking, what is the CRC?

A) The divisor

B) The quotient

C) The dividend

D) The remainder

4. In cyclic redundancy checking, the divisor is _______ the CRC.

A) The same size as

B) one bit less than

C) one bit more than


5. A burst error means that two or more bits in the data unit have changed.

A) double-bit

B) burst

C) single-bit


6. In ________ error correction, the receiver corrects errors without requesting retransmission.

A) backward

B) onward

C) forward


7. In ________ error correction, the receiver asks the sender to send the data again.

A) backward

B) retransmission

C) forward


8. We can divide coding schemes into two broad categories: ________ and ______coding.

A) block; linear

B) linear; nonlinear

C) block; convolution


9. In modulo-2 arithmetic, __________ give the same results.

A) addition and multiplication

B) addition and division

C) addition and subtraction


10. In modulo-2 arithmetic, we use the ______ operation for both addition and subtraction.

A) XOR

B) OR

C) AND


11. In _____ coding, we divide our message into blocks, each of k bits, called ___.

A) block; blockwords

B) linear; datawords

C) block; datawords


12. We add r redundant bits to each block to make the length n = k + r. The resulting n-bit blocks are called _________.

A) datawords

B) blockwords

C) codewords


13. The ________ between two words is the number of differences between corresponding bits.

A) Hamming code

B) Hamming distance

C) Hamming rule


14. To guarantee the detection of up to 5 errors in all cases, the minimum Hamming distance in a block code must be _______.

A) 5

B) 6

C) 11


15. To guarantee correction of up to 5 errors in all cases, the minimum Hamming distance in a block code must be ________.

A) 5

B) 6

C) 11


16. In a linear block code, the _______ of any two valid codewords creates another valid codeword.

A) XORing

B) ORing

C) ANDing


17. A simple parity-check code can detect __________ errors.

A) an even-number of

B) two

C) no errors

D) an odd-number of

18. _______codes are special linear block codes with one extra property. If a codeword is rotated, the result is another codeword.

A) Non-linear

B) Convolution

C) Cyclic


19. The _____of errors is more difficult than the ______.

A) correction; detection

B) detection; correction

C) creation; correction

D) creation; detection

20. In modulo-11 arithmetic, we use only the integers in the range ______, inclusive.

A) 1 to 10

B) 1 to 11

C) 0 to 10


21. In modulo-2 arithmetic, we use only ______.

A) 1 and 2

B) 0 and 2

C) 0 and 1


22. Adding 1 and 1 in modulo-2 arithmetic results in _________.

A) 1

B) 2

C) 0


23. In block coding, if k =2 and n =3, we have _______ invalid codewords.

A) 8

B) 4

C) 2


24. The Hamming distance between equal codewords is _________.

A) 1

B) n

C) 0


25. The Hamming distance between 100 and 001 is ________.

A) 2

B) 0

C) 1


26. In block coding, if n = 5, the maximum Hamming distance between two codewords is ________.

A) 2

B) 3

C) 5


27. If the Hamming distance between a dataword and the corresponding codeword is three, there are _____ bits in error.

A) 3

B) 4

C) 5


28. The _______ of a polynomial is the highest power in the polynomial.

A) range

B) degree

C) power


29. The divisor in a cyclic code is normally called the _________.

A) degree

B) generator

C) redundancy


30. A generator that contains a factor of ____ can detect all odd-numbered errors.

A) x

B) x + 1

C) 1


31. Checksums use _________ arithmetic.

A) two's complement arithmetic

B) one's complement arithmetic



32. In one's complement arithmetic, if positive 7 is 0111, then negative 7 is ________.

A) 1111

B) 1101

C) 1000


33. The checksum of 1111 and 1111 is _________.

A) 1111

B) 0000

C) 1110

D) 0111

34. The checksum of 0000 and 0000 is __________.

A) 1111

B) 0000

C) 1110

D) 0111

Answers:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34D A D C B C B C C A C C B B C A D C A C C C B C A C A B B B B C B A

1. In a Go-Back-N ARQ, if the window size is 63, what is the range of sequence numbers?

A) 0 to 63

B) 0 to 64

C) 1 to 63

D) 1 to 64

2. In Go-Back-N ARQ, if frames 4, 5, and 6 are received successfully, the receiver may send an ACK _______ to the sender.

A) 5

B) 6

C) 7

D) any of the above

3. ARQ stands for _______.

A) Automatic repeat quantization

B) Automatic repeat request

C) Automatic retransmission request

D) Acknowledge repeat request

4. For Stop-and-Wait ARQ, for 10 data packets sent, _______ acknowledgments are needed.

A) exactly 10

B) less than 10

C) more than 10


5. HDLC is an acronym for _______.

A) High-duplex line communication

B) High-level data link control

C) Half-duplex digital link combination

D) Host double-level circuit

6. Data link control deals with the design and procedures for ______ communication.

A) node-to-node

B) host-to-host

C) process-to-process


7. _______ in the data link layer separates a message from one source to a destination, or from other messages going from other sources to other destinations.

A) Digitizing

B) Controlling

C) Framing


8. In _______ framing, there is no need for defining the boundaries of frames.

A) fixed-size

B) variable-size

C) standard


9. In ________ framing, we need a delimiter (flag) to define the boundary of two frames.

A) fixed-size

B) variable-size

C) standard


10. _________framing uses two categories of protocols: character-oriented and bit-oriented.

A) Fixed-size

B) Variable-size

C) Standard


11. In a ________ protocol, the data section of a frame is a sequence of characters.

A) bit-oriented

B) character-oriented



12. In a _________ protocol, the data section of a frame is a sequence of bits.

A) byte-oriented

B) bit-oriented



13. In _________ protocols, we use ________.

A) character-oriented; byte stuffing

B) character-oriented; bit stuffing

C) bit-oriented; character stuffing


14. Byte stuffing means adding a special byte to the data section of the frame when there is a character with the same pattern as the ______.

A) header

B) trailer

C) flag


15. In ________ protocols, we use ________.

A) byte-oriented; bit stuffing

B) character-oriented; bit stuffing

C) bit-oriented; bit stuffing


16. Bit stuffing means adding an extra 0 to the data section of the frame when there is a sequence of bits with the same pattern as the ________.

A) header

B) trailer

C) flag


17. _______ control refers to a set of procedures used to restrict the amount of data that the sender can send before waiting for acknowledgment.

A) Flow

B) Error

C) Transmission


18. ______ control refers to methods of error detection and correction.

A) Flow

B) Error

C) Transmission


19. The Simplest Protocol and the Stop-and-Wait Protocol are for ______ channels.

A) noisy

B) noiseless



20. The Stop-And-Wait ARQ, Go-Back-N ARQ, and the Selective Repeat ARQ are for ______ channels.

A) noisy

B) noiseless



21. The ____ Protocol has neither flow nor error control.

A) Stop-and-Wait

B) Simplest

C) Go-Back-N ARQ

D) Selective-Repeat ARQ

22. The _______Protocol has flow control, but not error control.

A) Stop-and-Wait

B) Simplest

C) Go-Back-N ARQ


23. The _______Protocol has both flow control and error control.

A) Stop-and-Wait

B) Go-Back-N ARQ

C) Selective-Repeat ARQ

D) both (b) and (c)

Answers:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23A C B A B A C A B B B B A C C C A B B A B A D

1. In the _____ Protocol, the sender sends its frames one after another with no regard to the receiver.

A) Stop-and-Wait

B) Simplest

C) Go-Back-N ARQ


2. In the _____ Protocol, the sender sends one frame, stops until it receives confirmation from the receiver, and then sends the next frame.

A) Stop-and-Wait

B) Simplest

C) Go-Back-N ARQ


3. The _________Protocol, adds a simple error control mechanism to the _______Protocol.

A) Stop-and-Wait ARQ; Stop-and-Wait

B) Go-Back-N ARQ; Stop-and-Wait

C) Selective Repeat ARQ; Go-Back-N ARQ


4. In the _________Protocol, if no acknowledgment for a frame has arrived, we resend all outstanding frames.

A) Stop-and-Wait ARQ

B) Go-Back-N ARQ



5. In the _________ protocol we avoid unnecessary transmission by sending only frames that are corrupted.

A) Stop-and-Wait ARQ

B) Go-Back-N ARQ



6. Both Go-Back-N and Selective-Repeat Protocols use a _________.

A) sliding frame

B) sliding window

C) sliding packet


7. In Go-Back-N ARQ, if 5 is the number of bits for the sequence number, then the maximum size of the send window must be _____

A) 15

B) 16

C) 31

D) 1

8. In Go-Back-N ARQ, if 5 is the number of bits for the sequence number, then the maximum size of the receive window must be _____

A) 15

B) 16

C) 31

D) 1

9. In Selective Repeat ARQ, if 5 is the number of bits for the sequence number, then the maximum size of the send window must be _____

A) 15

B) 16

C) 31

D) 1

10. In Selective Repeat ARQ, if 5 is the number of bits for the sequence number, then the maximum size of the receive window must be _____

A) 15

B) 16

C) 31

D) 1

11. High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) is a _______ protocol for communication over point-to-point and multipoint links.

A) bit-oriented

B) byte-oriented

C) character-oriented


12. The most common protocol for point-to-point access is the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), which is a _________protocol.

A) bit-oriented

B) byte-oriented

C) character-oriented


13. _______ control refers to a set of procedures used to restrict the amount of data that the sender can send before waiting for acknowledgment.

A) Flow

B) Error

C) Transmission


14. _________control in the data link layer is based on automatic repeat request, which is the retransmission of data.

A) Flow

B) Error

C) Transmission


15. In Stop-and-Wait ARQ, we use sequence numbers to number the frames. The sequence numbers are based on __________arithmetic.

A) modulo-2

B) modulo-4

C) modulo-m


16. In Stop-and-Wait ARQ, the acknowledgment number always announces in ______ arithmetic the sequence number of the next frame expected.

A) modulo-2

B) modulo-4

C) modulo-m


17. In the Go-Back-N Protocol, if the size of the sequence number field is 8, the sequence numbers are in ________ arithmetic,

A) modulo-2

B) modulo- 8

C) modulo-256


18. Stop-and-Wait ARQ is a special case of Go-Back-N ARQ in which the size of the send window is 1.

A) 2

B) 1

C) 8


19. In _________, the station configuration is unbalanced. We have one primary station and multiple secondary stations.

A) ABM

B) NRM

C) ARM

D) NBM

20. In _________, the configuration is balanced. The link is point-to-point, and each station can function as a primary and a secondary.

A) ABM

B) NRM

C) ARM

D) NBM

21. In PPP, the ________ is responsible for establishing, maintaining, configuring, and terminating links.

A) NCP

B) LCP

C) CHAP

D) PAP

22. In PPP, ________ is a simple authentication procedure with a two-step process:

A) NCP

B) LCP

C) CHAP

D) PAP

23. In PPP, _______ is a three-way hand-shaking authentication protocol in which the password is kept secret; it is never sent online.

A) NCP

B) LCP

C) CHAP

D) PAP

ANSWERS:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23B A A B C B C D B B A B A B A A C B B A B D C

1. In ________ each station sends a frame whenever it has a frame to send.

A) pure ALOHA

B) slotted ALOHA

C) both (a) and (b)


2. In pure ALOHA, the vulnerable time is ______ the frame transmission time.

A) the same as

B) two times

C) three times


3. The maximum throughput for pure ALOHA is ________ per cent.

A) 12.2

B) 18.4

C) 36.8


4. In __________, each station is forced to send only at the beginning of the time slot.

A) pure ALOHA

B) slotted ALOHA

C) both (a) and (b)


5. In slotted ALOHA, the vulnerable time is ______ the frame transmission time.

A) the same as

B) two times

C) three times


6. The maximum throughput for pure ALOHA is ________ per cent.

A) 12.2

B) 18.4

C) 36.8


7. The vulnerable time for CSMA is the ________propagation time.

A) the same as

B) two times

C) three times


8. In the _________ method, after the station finds the line idle, it sends its frame immediately. If the line is not idle, it continuously senses the line until it finds it idle.

A) nonpersistent

B) 1-persistent

C) p-persistent


9. In the ________method, a station that has a frame to send senses the line. If the line is idle, it sends immediately. If the line is not idle, it waits a random amount of time and then senses the line again.

A) nonpersistent

B) 1-persistent

C) p-persistent


10 In the _______method, after the station finds the line idle it sends or refrain from sending based on the outcome of a random number generator. If the line is busy, it tries again.

A) nonpersistent

B) 1-persistent

C) p-persistent


11. We have categorized access methods into _______ groups.

A) two

B) three

C) four

D) five

12. In ___________ methods, no station is superior to another station and none is assigned the control over another.

A) random access

B) controlled access

C) channelization


13. In ______, the chance of collision can be reduced if a station senses the medium before trying to use it.

A) MA

B) CSMA

C) FDMA

D) CDMA

14. ________ requires that each station first listen to the medium before sending.

A) MA

B) CSMA

C) FDMA

D) CDMA

15. __________ augments the CSMA algorithm to detect collision.

A) CSMA/CA

B) CSMA/CD


D) both (a) and (b)

16. In ________, a station monitors the medium after it sends a frame to see if the transmission was successful. If so, the station is finished. If, however, there is a collision, the frame is sent again.

A) CSMA/CA

B) CSMA/CD


D) both (a) and (b)

17. To avoid collisions on wireless networks, ________was invented.

A) CSMA/CA

B) CSMA/CD


D) both (a) and (b)

18. In _______, collisions are avoided through the use of three strategies: the interframe space, the contention window, and acknowledgments.

A) CSMA/CA

B) CSMA/CD


D) both (a) and (b)

19. In _______ methods, the stations consult one another to find which station has the right to send.

A) random access


C) channelization


20. In _______ methods, a station cannot send unless it has been authorized by other stations.

A) random access


C) channelization


21. We discussed ______ popular controlled-access methods.

A) two

B) three

C) four


22. In the ________ method, a station needs to make a reservation before sending data. Time is divided into intervals.

A) reservation

B) polling

C) token passing


23. In the _____ method, time is divided into intervals. In each interval, a reservation frame precedes the data frames sent in that interval.

A) reservation

B) polling

C) token passing


24. In the ______ method, all data exchanges must be made through the primary device even when the ultimate destination is a secondary device.

A) reservation

B) polling

C) token passing


25. In the _______ method, the primary device controls the link; the secondary devices follow its instructions.

A) reservation

B) polling

C) token passing


26. In the _______ method, the stations in a network are organized in a logical ring.

A) reservation

B) polling

C) token passing


27. In the _______ method, each station has a predecessor and a successor.

A) reservation

B) polling

C) token passing


28. In the _________ method, a special packet called a ______ circulates through the ring.

A) reservation: control frame

B) polling: poll request

C) token passing: token


29. _________ is a multiple-access method in which the available bandwidth of a link is shared in time, frequency, or through code, between different stations.

A) Random access

B) Controlled access

C) Channelization


30. We discussed ________ channelization protocols.

A) two

B) three

C) four


31. In ________, the available bandwidth is divided into frequency bands.

A) FDMA

B) TDMA

C) CDMA


32. In ______, each station is allocated a band to send its data. In other words, each band is reserved for a specific station, and it belongs to the station all the time.

A) FDMA

B) TDMA

C) CDMA


33. In _______, the stations share the bandwidth of the channel in time.

A) FDMA

B) TDMA

C) CDMA


34. In _____, each station is allocated a time slot during which it can send data. Each station transmits its data in its assigned time slot.

A) FDMA

B) TDMA

C) CDMA


35. In _____, each station transmits its data in its assigned time slot.

A) FDMA

B) TDMA

C) CDMA


36. In ______, the stations use different codes to achieve multiple access.

A) FDMA

B) TDMA

C) CDMA


37. _______ is based on coding theory and uses sequences of numbers called chips.

A) FDMA

B) TDMA

C) CDMA


38. In _______, the sequences are generated using orthogonal codes such the Walsh tables.

A) FDMA

B) TDMA

C) CDMA


ANSWERS:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19A B B B A C A B A C B A B B B B A A B20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38B B A A B B C C C C B A A B B B C C C

1. IEEE has defined the specifications for a wireless LAN, called _______, which covers the physical and data link layers.

A) IEEE 802.3

B) IEEE 802.5

C) IEEE 802.11

D) IEEE 802.2

2. In IEEE 802.11, a ___ is made of stationary or mobile wireless stations and an optional central base station, known as the access point (AP).

A) ESS

B) BSS

C) CSS


3. In IEEE 802.11, a BSS without an AP is called an _________.

A) an ad hoc architecture

B) an infrastructure network



4. In IEEE 802.11, a BSS with an AP is sometimes referred to as ____________.

A) an ad hoc architecture

B) an infrastructure network



5. In IEEE 802.11, communication between two stations in two different BSSs usually occurs via two ________.

A) BSSs

B) ESSs

C) APs


6. In IEEE 802.11, a station with ________ mobility is either stationary (not moving) or moving only inside a BSS.

A) no-transition

B) BSS-transition

C) ESS-transition


7. In IEEE 802.11, a station with ________mobility can move from one BSS to another, but the movement is confined inside one ESS.

A) no-transition

B) BSS-transition

C) ESS-transition


8. In IEEE 802.11, a station with ________ mobility can move from one ESS to another.

A) no-transition

B) BSS-transition

C) ESS-transition


9. In IEEE 802.11, _______ is an optional access method that can be implemented in an infrastructure network (not in an ad hoc network).

A) DCF

B) PCF



10. In IEEE 802.11, when a frame is going from one station in a BSS to another without passing through the distribution system, the address flag is _____

A) 00

B) 01

C) 10

D) 11

11. In IEEE 802.11, when a frame is coming from an AP and going to a station, the address flag is _______.

A) 00

B) 01

C) 10

D) 11

12. In IEEE 802.11, when a frame is going from a station to an AP, the address flag is _____.

A) 00

B) 01

C) 10

D) 11

13. In IEEE 802.11, when a frame is going from one AP to another AP in a wireless distribution system, the address flag is _____

A) 00

B) 01

C) 10

D) 11

14. The IEEE 802.11 standard for wireless LANs defines two services: ______ and _______.

A) BSS; ASS

B) ESS; SSS

C) BSS; ESS

D) BSS; DCF

15. In IEEE 802.11, the access method used in the DCF sublayer is _________.

A) ALOHA

B) CSMA/CA

C) CSMA/CD


16. In IEEE 802.11, the access method used in the PCF sublayer is ______.

A) contention

B) controlled

C) polling


17. In IEEE 802.11, the ______ is a timer used for collision avoidance.

A) NAV

B) BSS

C) ESS


18. In IEEE 802.11, the MAC layer frame has ______ fields.

A) four

B) five

C) six


19. In IEEE 802.11, the addressing mechanism can include up to ______addresses.

A) four

B) five

C) six


20. The original IEEE 802.11, uses _________.

A) FHSS

B) DSSS

C) OFDM

D) either (a) or (b)

21. The IEEE 802.11a, uses _________.

A) FHSS

B) DSSS

C) OFDM


22. The IEEE 802.11b, uses _________.

A) FHSS

B) DSSS

C) OFDM


23. The IEEE 802.11g, uses _________.

A) FHSS

B) DSSS

C) OFDM


24. The original IEEE 802.11, has a data rate of _____Mbps.

A) 1

B) 6

C) 11

D) 22

25. IEEE 802.11a, has a data rate of _____Mbps.

A) 1

B) 2

C) 6


26. IEEE 802.11b, has a data rate of _____Mbps.

A) 1

B) 2

C) 5.5


27. IEEE 802.11g, has a data rate of _____Mbps.

A) 1

B) 2

C) 11

D) 22

28. The IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs use ________ types of frames.

A) four

B) five

C) six


29. Bluetooth is a _______ technology that connects devices (called gadgets) in a small area.

A) wired LAN

B) wireless LAN

C) VLAN


30. A Bluetooth network is called a ________.

A) piconet

B) scatternet

C) bluenet


31. In Bluetooth, multiple ________ form a network called a _________.

A) scatternet; piconets

B) piconets: scatternet

C) piconets: bluenet

D) bluenet; scatternet

32. A Bluetooth network consists of _____ primary device(s) and up to ____ secondary devices.

A) one; five

B) five; three

C) two; six

D) one; seven

33. The RTS and CTS frames in CSMA/CA ____ solve the hidden station problem. The RTS and CTS frames in CSMA/CA ____ solve the exposed station problem.

A) can; cannot

B) cannot; can

C) can; can

D) cannot; cannot

34. In Bluetooth, the current data rate is ____Mbps

A) 2

B) 5

C) 11


35. In Bluetooth, the _______ layer is roughly equivalent to the physical layer of the Internet model.

A) radio

B) baseband

C) L2CAP


36. In Bluetooth, the _____layer is roughly equivalent to the MAC sublayer in LANs.

A) radio

B) baseband

C) L2CAP


37. In Bluetooth, the L2CAP sublayer, is roughly equivalent to the LLC sublayer in LANs.

A) radio

B) baseband

C) L2CAP


38. The access method in Bluetooth is ________.

A) FDMA

B) TDD-TDMA

C) CDMA


39. In Bluetooth, the _____ link is used when avoiding latency (delay in data delivery) is more important than integrity (error-free delivery).

A) SCO

B) ACL

C) ACO

D) SCL

40. In Bluetooth, the _____ link is used when data integrity is more important than avoiding latency.

A) SCO

B) ACL

C) ACO

D) SCL

41. Bluetooth uses ______method in the physical layer to avoid interference from other devices or other networks.

A) DSSS

B) FHSS

C) FDMA


ANSWERS:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21C B A B C A B C B A B C D C B C A D A D C22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41B C A C C D D B A B D A D A B C B A B B

1. A repeater is a connecting device that operates in the _______ layer of the Internet model.

A) physical

B) data link

C) network

D) all of the above

2. A _______ regenerates a signal, connects segments of a LAN, and has no filtering capability.

A) repeater

B) bridge

C) router


3. A _______ is a connecting device that operates in the physical and data link layers of the Internet model.

A) repeater

B) bridge

C) router


4. A ________ bridge can forward and filter frames and automatically build its forwarding table.

A) simple

B) dual

C) transparent


5. A bridge can use the _________ algorithm to create a loopless topology.

A) binary tree

B) spanning tree

C) multiway tree


6. A _______ LAN allows several LANs to be connected.

A) backbone

B) wireless

C) wired


7. A backbone is usually a ______.

A) bus

B) star



8. A virtual local area network (VLAN) is configured by _________.

A) software

B) physical wiring

C) hardware


9. Membership in a VLAN can be based on _________.

A) port numbers

B) MAC addresses

C) IP addresses

D) all of the above

10. VLANs can_________.

A) reduce network traffic

B) provide an extra measure of security


D) both (a) and (b)

11. _________ is just a connector.

A) An active hub

B) A passive hub



12. In a star-topology Ethernet LAN, _______ is just a point where the signals coming from different stations collide; it is the collision point.

A) An active hub

B) A passive hub



13. ________ is part of the media; its location in the Internet model is below the physical layer.

A) An active hub

B) A passive hub



14. A _______ is a device that operates only in the physical layer.

A) passive hub

B) repeater

C) bridge

D) router

15. A ________receives a signal and, before it becomes too weak or corrupted, regenerates the original bit pattern. It then sends the refreshed signal.

A) passive hub

B) repeater

C) bridge

D) router

16. A __________ forwards every frame; it has no filtering capability.

A) passive hub

B) repeater

C) bridge

D) router

17. ________ is actually a multiport repeater. It is normally used to create connections between stations in a physical star topology.

A) An active hub

B) A passive hub



18. A ________ operates in both the physical and the data link layer.

A) passive hub

B) repeater

C) bridge

D) router

19. A _______ can check the MAC addresses contained in the frame.

A) passive hub

B) repeater

C) bridge

D) router

20. A ______ has a table used in filtering decisions.

A) passive hub

B) repeater

C) bridge


21. A ________ is a device in which the stations are completely unaware of its existence.

A) passive hub

B) repeater

C) simple bridge

D) transparent bridge

22. IEEE 802.1d specification, defines _________ criteria for a transparent bridges.

A) two

B) three

C) four


23. A spanning tree is a graph in which there is no _____.

A) node

B) branch

C) loop

D) arc

24. In a bridged LAN, the _______ algorithm creates a topology in which each LAN can be reached from any other LAN through one path only.

A) spanning tree

B) binary tree

C) unary tree


25. A three-layer switch is a kind of ________.

A) repeater

B) bridge

C) router


26. A two-layer switch is a ______.

A) repeater

B) bridge

C) router


27. Some new two-layer switches, called _______ switches, have been designed to forward the frame as soon as they check the MAC addresses in the header of the frame.

A) cut-through

B) go-through

C) come-through


28. A _______ is a three-layer device that handles packets based on their logical addresses.

A) repeater

B) bridge

C) router


29. A ______ normally connects LANs and WANs in the Internet and has a table that is used for making decisions about the route.

A) repeater

B) bridge

C) router


30. A ______ switch is a faster and more sophisticated router.

A) two-layer

B) three-layer

C) four-layer


31. A ________ is normally a computer that operates in all five layers of the Internet model or seven layers of OSI model.

A) repeater

B) bridge

C) router

D) gateway

32. A _____ can be used as a connecting device between two internetworks that use different models.

A) repeater

B) bridge

C) router

D) gateway

33. In a _____ backbone, the backbone is just one switch.

A) bus

B) ring

C) star


34. A ________ link acts as a LAN in a remote backbone connected by remote bridges.

A) point-to-point

B) multipoint

C) multidrop


35. VLANs create _________ domains.

A) unicast

B) multicast

C) broadcast


36. In a(n) _______ configuration, the administrator types the port numbers, the IP addresses, or other characteristics, using the VLAN software.

A) manual

B) automatic

C) semiautomatic


37. In a(n) _____ configuration, the stations are automatically connected or disconnected from a VLAN using criteria defined by the administrator.

A) manual

B) automatic

C) semiautomatic


38. In a(n) ______ configuration, the initializing is done manually, with migrations done automatically.

A) manual

B) automatic

C) semiautomatic


ANSWERS:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21A A B C B A C A D D B B B B B B A C C C D22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38B C A C B A C C B D D C A C A B C

1. _______ is a first-generation cellular phone system.

A) AMPS

B) D-AMPS

C) GSM


2. __________ is a second-generation cellular phone system.

A) AMPS

B) D-AMPS

C) GSM


3. ____________ is a digital version of AMPS.

A) GSM

B) D-AMPS

C) IS-95


4. ___________ is a second-generation cellular phone system used in Europe.

A) GSM

B) D-AMPS

C) IS-95


5. ________ is a second-generation cellular phone system based on CDMA and DSSS.

A) GSM

B) D-AMPS

C) IS-95


6. The __________ cellular phone system will provide universal personal communication.

A) first-generation

B) second-generation

C) third-generation


7. In a ______ handoff, a mobile station only communicates with one base station.

A) hard

B) soft

C) medium


8. In a ______ handoff, a mobile station can communicate with two base stations at the same time.

A) hard

B) soft

C) medium


9. _______ is an analog cellular phone system using FDMA.

A) AMPS

B) D-AMPS

C) GSM


10. AMPS operates in the ISM _____ band.

A) 800-MHz

B) 900-MHz

C) 1800-MHz


11. In AMPS, each band is divided into ______ channels.

A) 800

B) 900

C) 1000


12. AMPS has a frequency reuse factor of _______.

A) 1

B) 3

C) 5

D) 7

13. AMPS uses ______ to divide each 25-MHz band into channels.

A) FDMA

B) TDMA

C) CDMA


14. D-AMPS uses ______ to divide each 25-MHz band into channels.

A) FDMA

B) TDMA

C) CDMA

D) both (a) and (b)

15. GSM allows a reuse factor of _______.

A) 1

B) 3

C) 5

D) 7

16. GSM is a digital cellular phone system using ________.

A) FDMA

B) TDMA

C) CDMA

D) both (a) and (b)

17. IS-95 is based on ____________.

A) FDMA

B) CDMA

C) DSSS

D) all of the above

18. IS-95 uses the ISM _______band.

A) 800-MHz

B) 900-MHz

C) 1900-MHz

D) either (a) or (c)

19. IS-95 uses the _______ satellite system for synchronization.

A) GPS

B) Teledesic

C) Iridium


20. In an IS-95 system, the frequency-reuse factor is normally _____.

A) 1

B) 3

C) 5

D) 7

21. In the third generation of cellular phones, _______ uses W-CDMA.

A) IMT-DS

B) IMT-MC

C) IMT-TC

D) IMT-SC

22. In the third generation of cellular phones, ________ uses CDMA2000.

A) IMT-DS

B) IMT-MC

C) IMT-TC

D) IMT-SC

23. In the third generation of cellular phones, ______ uses a combination of W-CDMA and TDMA.

A) IMT-DS

B) IMT-MC

C) IMT-TC

D) IMT-SC

24. In the third generation of cellular phones, _______ uses TDMA.

A) IMT-DS

B) IMT-MC

C) IMT-TC

D) IMT-SC

25. The period of a satellite, the time required for a satellite to make a complete trip around the Earth, is determined by _________ law.

A) Kepler's

B) Newton's

C) Ohm's


26. The signal from a satellite is normally aimed at a specific area called the _________.

A) path

B) effect

C) footprint


27. There is (are) _____ orbit(s) for a GEO satellite.

A) one

B) two

C) many


28. MEO satellites are located at altitudes between km.

A) 3000 and 5000

B) 5000 and 10,000

C) 5000 and 15,000


29. LEO satellites are normally below an altitude of ________ km.

A) 1000

B) 2000

C) 3000


30. ______ is based on a principle called trilateration.

A) GPS

B) Teledesic

C) Iridium


31. Low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites have _____ orbits.

A) equatorial

B) polar

C) inclined


32. A GEO is at the ________ orbit and revolves in phase with Earth.

A) equatorial

B) polar

C) inclined


33. GPS satellites are ________ satellites.

A) GEO

B) MEO

C) LEO


34.________ satellites provide time and location information for vehicles and ships.

A) GPS

B) Iridium

C) Teledesic


35. Iridium satellites are ________satellites.

A) GEO

B) MEO

C) LEO


36. ________ satellites can provide direct universal voice and data communications for handheld terminals.

A) GPS

B) Iridium

C) Teledesic


37. Teledesic satellites are _________satellites.

A) GEO

B) MEO

C) LEO


38. ________ satellites will provide universal broadband Internet access.

A) GPS

B) Iridium

C) Teledesic


ANSWERS:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21A B B A C C A B A A D D A D B D D D A A A22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 B C D A C A C B A B A B A C B C C

1. _______ is a standard developed by ANSI for fiber-optic networks.

A) SONET

B) SDH



2. _______ is a standard developed by ITU-T.

A) SONET

B) SDH



3. SONET has defined a hierarchy of signals called ________.

A) STSs

B) STMs



4. SDH has defined a hierarchy of signals called ________.

A) STSs

B) STMs



5. An ______ signal is the optical modulation of an STS-n (or STM-n) signal.

A) OC-n

B) TDM-n

C) FDM-n


6. SONET defines _______ layers.

A) two

B) three

C) four

D) five

7. SONET is a _______ TDM system.

A) asynchronous

B) synchronous

C) statistical


8. A SONET system can use _________.

A) STS multiplexers

B) regenerators

C) add/drop multiplexers

D) all of the above

9. SONET sends ________ frames per second

A) 1000

B) 2000

C) 4000

D) 8000

10. In SONET each frame lasts _______ microseconds.

A) 20

B) 64

C) 128


11. An STS-1 frame is made of ________ rows

A) 1

B) 9

C) 90


12. An STS-1 frame is made ______columns

A) 1

B) 9

C) 90


13. An STS-3 frame is made of ______ rows.

A) 1

B) 9

C) 27


14. An STS-3 frame is made of ________ columns.

A) 9

B) 90

C) 270


15. SONET network topologies can be __________.

A) linear

B) ring

C) mesh

D) all of the above

16. A linear SONET network can be __________.

A) point-to-point

B) multipoint



17. A ring SONET network can be _________.

A) unidirectional

B) bidirectional.



18. To make SONET backward-compatible with the current hierarchy, its frame design includes a system of.

A) OCs

B) STMs

C) STSs

D) VTs

19. A ________ is a repeater.

A) regenerator

B) ADM

C) STS multiplexer/demultiplexer


20. __________ allow insertion and extraction of signals.

A) regenerators

B) ADMs

C) STS multiplexer/demultiplexers


21. A _______ is the optical link connecting two neighbor devices.

A) section

B) line

C) path


22. A ______ is the portion of the network between two multiplexers.

A) section

B) line

C) path


23. A ______is the end-to-end portion of the network between two STS multiplexers.

A) section

B) line

C) path


24. The ______ layer is responsible for the movement of a signal from its optical source to its optical destination.

A) section

B) line

C) path

D) photonic

25. The ____ layer is responsible for the movement of a signal across a physical line.

A) section

B) line

C) path

D) photonic

26. The ______ layer is responsible for the movement of a signal across a physical section.

A) section

B) line

C) path

D) photonic

27. The _______ layer corresponds to the physical layer of the OSI model.

A) section

B) line

C) path

D) photonic

28. An STS multiplexer is a ______ device.

A) one-layer

B) two-layer

C) three-layer

D) four-layer

29. An add/drop multiplexer is a ______ device.

A) one-layer

B) two-layer

C) three-layer

D) four-layer

30. A regenerator is a ________ device.

A) one-layer

B) two-layer

C) three-layer

D) four-layer

31. In SONET, for each frame, the bytes are transmitted __________.

A) from left to the right, top to bottom

B) from right to the left, bottom to top

C) from left to the right, bottom to top

D) from right to the left, top to bottom

32. In SONET, for each byte, the bits are transmitted ____________.

A) from least significant to the most significant

B) from most significant to the least significant

C) two at a time

D) three at a time

33. Each ________in a SONET frame can carry a digitized voice channel.

A) bit

B) byte

C) frame


34. The section overhead consists of ______octets.

A) 1

B) 6

C) 9

D) 18

35. Line overhead consists of ________ bytes.

A) 1

B) 6

C) 9

D) 18

36. The path overhead consists of ______ bytes.

A) 1

B) 6

C) 9

D) 18

37. In ________ APS, there are normally two lines: one working line and one protection line. Both lines are active all the time.

A) one-plus-one

B) one-to-one

C) one-to-many


38. In ______ APS, there is one working line and one protection line. The data are normally sent on the working line until it fails.

A) one-plus-one

B) one-to-one

C) one-to-many


39. In ________APS, there is only one protection line for many working lines. When a failure occurs in one of the working lines, the protection line takes control until the failed line is repaired.

A) one-plus-one

B) one-to-one

C) one-to-many


ANSWERS:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21A B A B A C B D D D B C B C D C C D A B A22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 B C C B A D D C B A B B C D C A B C

1. ________ is a virtual-circuit wide-area network that was designed in response to demands for a new type of WAN in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

A) X.25

B) Frame Relay

C) ATM


2. Frame Relay provides ________.

A) PVCs

B) SVCs



3. VCIs in Frame Relay are called ______.

A) PVC

B) SVC

C) DLCIs


4. In Frame Relay, when a _____ is selected, the corresponding table entry is recorded for all switches by the administrator

A) PVC

B) SVC



5. In Frame Relay, when. ______ is selected, it requires establishing and terminating phases

A) a PVC

B) an SVC



6. Frame Relay has _______.

A) only the physical layer

B) only the data link

C) the physical and data link layers

D) the physical, data link, and network layers

7. At the data link layer, Frame Relay uses a protocol that supports _____control.

A) flow

B) error



8. In Frame Relay, an address can be ________ bytes.

A) only 2

B) 2 to 3

C) 2 to 4


9. In Frame Relay, the EA field defines the number of bytes; it is _____ in the last byte of the address.

A) 0

B) 1

C) 2

D) 3

10. To handle frames arriving from other protocols, Frame Relay uses a device called a _________.

A) VOFR

B) FRAD

C) MUX


11. Frame Relay networks offer an option called ______________ that sends voice through the network.

A) VOFR

B) FRAD

C) MUX


12. ________ is the cell relay protocol designed by the corresponding Forum and adopted by the ITU-T.

A) X.25

B) Frame Relay

C) ATM


13. A _______ is defined as a small, fixed-size block of information.

A) frame

B) packet

C) cell


14. In ATM, a virtual connection is defined by _________.

A) VPI

B) VCI

C) DLCI

D) a combination of (a) and (b)

15. The ATM standard defines ______ layers.

A) two

B) three

C) four

D) five

16. The VPI of a UNI is _______ bits in length.

A) 8

B) 12

C) 16

D) 24

17. The VPI of an NNI is _______ bits in length.

A) 8

B) 12

C) 16

D) 24

18. The ATM data packet is a cell composed of ______ bytes.

A) 40

B) 50

C) 52

D) 53

19. ______ eliminates the varying delay times associated with different-size packets.

A) X.25

B) Frame Relay

C) ATM

D) all of the above

20. A(n) ______ is the interface between a user and an ATM switch.

A) UNI

B) NNI

C) NNN


21. _________ is the interface between two ATM switches.

A) UNI

B) NNI

C) NNN


22. In ATM, connection between two endpoints is accomplished through _______.

A) TPs

B) VPs

C) VCs

D) all of the above

23. In ATM, the _______layer accepts transmissions from upper-layer services and maps them into ATM cells.

A) physical

B) ATM

C) AAL


24. In ATM, the ______ layer provides routing, traffic management, switching, and multiplexing services.

A) physical

B) ATM

C) AAL


25. In ATM, the _____ layer defines the transmission medium, bit transmission, encoding, and electrical-to-optical transformation.

A) physical

B) ATM layer

C) AAL


26. The AAL is divided into _______ sublayers.

A) two

B) three

C) four


27. In ATM, ______ is for constant-bit-rate data.

A) AAL1

B) AAL2

C) AAL3/4

D) AAL5

28. In ATM, _______is for short packets.

A) AAL1

B) AAL2

C) AAL3/4

D) AAL5

29. In ATM, _____ is for conventional packet switching (virtual-circuit approach or datagram approach).

A) AAL1

B) AAL2

C) AAL3/4

D) AAL5

30. In ATM, ______ is for packets requiring no sequencing and no error control mechanism.

A) AAL1

B) AAL2

C) AAL3/4

D) AAL5

31. ________ technology can be adapted for use in a LAN (ATM LAN).

A) X.25

B) Frame Relay

C) ATM


32. In a _____ ATM LAN, an ATM switch connects stations.

A) pure

B) legacy

C) mixed architecture


33. In a _______ ATM LAN, the backbone that connects traditional LANs uses ATM technology.

A) pure

B) legacy



34. A _______ ATM LAN combines features of a pure ATM LAN and a legacy ATM LAN.

A) pure

B) legacy



ANSWERS:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21B C C A B C D C B B A C C D B A B D C A B22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 D C B A A A B C D C A B C

1. An IPv4 address consists of _______ bits.

A) 4

B) 8

C) 32

D) 64

2. In IPv4, class _______ has the greatest number of addresses in each block.

A) A

B) B

C) C

D) D

3. Identify the class of the following IPv4 address: 4.5.6.7.

A) A

B) B

C) C



A) A

B) B

C) D



A) A

B) B

C) C


6. What is the result of ANDing 255 and 15?

A) 255

B) 15

C) 0



A) 255

B) 15

C) 0



A) 254

B) 14

C) 0



A) 192

B) 65

C) 64


10. Which one is not a contiguous mask?

A) 255.255.255.254

B) 255.255.224.0

C) 255.148.0.0

D) all are

11. The number of addresses in a class C block is _______.

A) 65,534

B) 16,777,216

C) 256


12. The number of addresses in a class B block is _______.

A) 65,536

B) 16,777,216

C) 256


13. The number of addresses in a class A block is _______.

A) 65,534

B) 16,777,216

C) 256


14. The number of addresses assigned to an organization in classless addressing _______.

A) can be any number

B) must be a multiple of 256

C) must be a power of 2


15. The first address assigned to an organization in classless addressing _______.

A) must be a power of 4

B) must be evenly divisible by the number of addresses

C) must belong to one of the A, B, or C classes


16. Which address could be the beginning address of a block of 32 classless addresses?

A) 2.4.6.5

B) 2.4.6.16

C) 2.4.6.64



A) 2.4.6.5

B) 2.4.6.15

C) 2.4.6.62



A) 2.4.6.5

B) 2.4.6.15

C) 2.4.6.0


19. What is the first address of a block of classless addresses if one of the addresses is 12.2.2.76/27?

A) 12.2.2.0

B) 12.2.2.32

C) 12.2.2.64



A) 12.0.0.0

B) 12.2.0.0

C) 12.2.2.2



A) 12.2.2.0

B) 12.2.2.96

C) 12.2.2.112


22. Find the number of addresses in a block of classless addresses if one of the addresses is 12.2.2.7/24.

A) 32

B) 64

C) 256


23. Find the number of addresses in a block of classless addresses if one of the addresses is 12.2.2.7/30.

A) 2

B) 4

C) 8


24. What is the last address of a block of classless addresses if one of the addresses is 12.2.2.127/28?

A) 12.2.2.16

B) 12.2.2.112

C) 12.2.2.127


25. What is the last address of a block of classless addresses if one of the addresses is 12.2.2.6/30?

A) 12.2.2.2

B) 12.2.2.6

C) 12.2.2.7


26. An organization is granted a block; one address is 2.2.2.64/20. The organization needs 10 subnets. What is the subnet prefix length?

A) /20

B) /24

C) /25


27. An organization is granted a block; one address is 2.2.2.64/25. If the subnet prefix length is /28, what is the maximum number of subnets?

A) 2

B) 4

C) 8


28. An organization is granted a block of classless addresses with the starting address 199.34.76.64/28. How many addresses are granted?

A) 8

B) 16

C) 32



A) 8

B) 16

C) 32



A) 8

B) 16

C) 32


31. What is the default mask for class A in CIDR notation?

A) /9

B) /8

C) /16


32. What is the default mask for class B in CIDR notation?

A) /9

B) /8

C) /16


33. What is the default mask for class C in CIDR notation?

A) /24

B) /8

C) /16


34. In classless addressing, the ______ is another name for the common part of the address range.

A) suffix

B) prefix

C) netid


35. In classless addressing, the _______ is the varying part (similar to the hostid).

A) suffix

B) prefix

C) hostid


36. In classless addressing, the prefix length defines the _____________.

A) netid

B) hostid

C) mask


37. In a block, the prefix length is /24; what is the mask?

A) 255.255.255.0

B) 255.255.242.0

C) 255.255.0.0


38. In a block, the prefix length is /15; what is the mask?

A) 255.254.0.0

B) 255.255.255.0

C) 255.255.255.128


39. In a block, the mask is 255.255.192.0; what is the prefix length?

A) /20

B) /28

C) /18


40. An IPv6 address is _________ bits long.

A) 32

B) 64

C) 128


41. An IPv6 address consists of ________ bytes (octets);

A) 4

B) 8

C) 16


42. To make addresses more readable, IPv6 specifies ____________notation.

A) dotted decimal

B) hexadecimal colon

C) both a and b


43. In hexadecimal colon notation, a 128-bit address is divided into _______ sections, each _____ hexadecimal digits in length.

A) 8: 2

B) 8: 3

C) 8: 4


44. An IPv6 address can have up to __________ colons.

A) 8

B) 7

C) 4


45. An IPv6 address can have up to __________ hexadecimal digits.

A) 16

B) 32

C) 8


46. In IPv6, _______ address defines a single computer.

A) a unicast

B) a multicast

C) an anycast


47. In IPv6, ____ address defines a group of computers with addresses that have the same prefix.

A) a unicast

B) a multicast

C) an anycast


48. In IPv6, _________ address defines a group of computers.

A) a unicast

B) a multicast

C) an anycast


49. In IPv6, the ________ prefix defines the purpose of the address.

A) type

B) purpose

C) both a and b


50. In IPv6, the___________ address is generally used by a normal host as a unicast address.

A) provider-based unicast

B) link local

C) site local


51. In IPv6, a _________address comprises 80 bits of zero, followed by 16 bits of one, followed by the 32-bit IPv4 address.

A) link local

B) site local

C) mapped


52. In IPv6, a ___________ address is an address of 96 bits of zero followed by 32 bits of IPv4 address.

A) link local

B) site local

C) mapped


53. In IPv6, a _______ address is used if a LAN uses the Internet protocols but is not connected to the Internet for security reasons.

A) link local

B) site local

C) mapped


54. In IPv6, a ______address is used if a site with several networks uses the Internet protocols but is not connected to the Internet for security reasons.

A) link local

B) site local

C) mapped


ANSWERS:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21C A A C B B C B C C C A B C B C D C C A C22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42C B C C B C B A C B C A B A C A A C C C B43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 C B B A C B A A C D A B

1. A best-effort delivery service such as IPv4 includes _______.

A) error checking

B) error correction

C) datagram acknowledgment


2. In IPv4 header, an HLEN value of decimal 10 means _______.

A) there are 10 bytes of options

B) there are 40 bytes of options

C) there are 10 bytes in the header

D) there are 40 bytes in the header

3. In IPv4, what is the value of the total length field in bytes if the header is 28 bytes and the data field is 400 bytes?

A) 428

B) 407

C) 107

D) 427

4. In IPv4, what is the length of the data field given an HLEN value of 12 and total length value of 40,000?

A) 39,988

B) 40,012

C) 40,048

D) 39,952

5. An IPv4 datagram is fragmented into three smaller datagrams. Which of the following is true?

A) The do not fragment bit is set to 1 for all three datagrams.

B) The more fragment bit is set to 0 for all three datagrams.

C) The identification field is the same for all three datagrams.

D) The offset field is the same for all three datagrams.

6. In IPv4, if the fragment offset has a value of 100, it means that _______.

A) the datagram has not been fragmented

B) the datagram is 100 bytes in size

C) the first byte of the datagram is byte 100

D) the first byte of the datagram is byte 800

7. In IPv4, what is needed to determine the number of the last byte of a fragment?

A) Identification number

B) Offset number

C) Total length

D) (b) and (c)

8. The IPv4 header size _______.

A) is 20 to 60 bytes long

B) is always 20 bytes long

C) is always 60 bytes long

D) depends on the MTU

9. Which of the following is a necessary part of the IPv6 datagram?

A) Base header

B) Extension header

C) Data packet from the upper layer

D) (a) and (c)

10. In IPv6, the _______ field in the base header restricts the lifetime of a datagram.

A) version

B) next-header

C) hop limit

D) neighbor-advertisement

11. The ________ protocol is the transmission mechanism used by the TCP/IP suite.

A) ARP

B) IP

C) RARP


12. IP is _________ datagram protocol.

A) an unreliable

B) a connectionless

C) both a and b


13. The term ________ means that IP provides no error checking or tracking. IP assumes the unreliability of the underlying layers and does its best to get a transmission through to its destination, but with no guarantees.

A) reliable delivery

B) connection-oriented delivery

C) best-effort delivery


14. In IPv4, an HLEN value of decimal 10 means _______.

A) there are 10 bytes of options

B) there are 40 bytes of options

C) there are 40 bytes in the header


15. In IPv4, which field or bit value unambiguously identifies the datagram as a fragment?

A) Do not fragment bit ? 0

B) More Fragment bit ? 0

C) Fragment offset = 1000


16. The IPv4 header size _______.

A) is 20 to 60 bytes long

B) is 20 bytes long

C) is 60 bytes long


17. In IPv4, when a datagram is encapsulated in a frame, the total size of the datagram must be less than the _______.

A) MUT

B) MAT

C) MTU


18. The IPv4 header field formerly known as the service type field is now called the _______ field.

A) IETF

B) checksum

C) differentiated services


19. In IPv6, options are inserted between the _________ and the ___________ data.

A) base header; extension header

B) base header; upper-layer data

C) base header; frame header


20. IPv6 allows _________ security provisions than IPv4.

A) more

B) less

C) the same level


21. In IPv6, when a datagram needs to be discarded in a congested network, the decision is based on the _______ field in the base header.

A) hop limit

B) priority

C) next header


22. In IPv6, the _______ field in the base header and the sender IP address combine to indicate a unique path identifier for a specific flow of data.

A) flow label

B) next header

C) hop limit

D) destination IP address

ANSWERS:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22D D A D C D D A A C B C C C C A C C B A B A

1. A _______ address is an internetwork address with universal jurisdiction.

A) physical

B) logical

C) a and b


2. The logical addresses in the Internet are called _______ addresses.

A) port

B) IP

C) Email


3. A ________ is a local address. Its jurisdiction is over a local network.

A) physical

B) logical

C) a and b


4. If the sender is a host and wants to send a packet to another host on the same network, the logical address that must be mapped to a physical address is ______.

A) the destination IP address in the datagram header

B) the IP address of the router found in the routing table

C) either a or b


5. If the sender is a host and wants to send a packet to another host on another network, the logical address that must be mapped to a physical address is ______.



C) either a or b


6. The sender is a router that has received a datagram destined for a host on another network. The logical address that must be mapped to a physical address is ______.



C) either a or b


7. The sender is a router that has received a datagram destined for a host on the same network. The logical address that must be mapped to a physical address is ______.



C) either a or b


8. In _______, a table associating a logical address with a physical address is updated manually.

A) static mapping

B) dynamic mapping

C) physical mapping


9. _______ is a dynamic mapping protocol in which a physical address is found for a given logical address.

A) ARP

B) RARP

C) both a and b


10. The target hardware address on an Ethernet is _______ in an ARP request.

A) 0x000000000000

B) 0.0.0.0

C) variable

D) class dependent

11. An ARP reply is normally _______.

A) broadcast

B) multicast

C) unicast


12. An ARP request is normally _______.

A) broadcast

B) multicast

C) unicast


13. A technique called ______ is used to create a subnetting effect.

A) ARP

B) RARP

C) proxy ARP


14. A _______ is an ARP that acts on behalf of a set of hosts.

A) ARP

B) RARP

C) proxy ARP


15. ICMP is a _________ layer protocol.

A) data link

B) transport

C) network


16. ICMP messages are divided into two broad categories: _____________.

A) query and error reporting messages

B) request and response messages

C) request and reply messages


17. An ICMP message has _____ header and a variable-size data section.

A) a 16-byte

B) a 32-byte

C) an 8-byte


18. Which of the following is true about ICMP messages?

A) An ICMP error message may be generated for an ICMP error message.

B) An ICMP error message may be generated for each fragment.

C) An ICMP error message may be generated for a multicast datagram.

D) none is true

19. Which of the following is true about ICMP messages?

A) An ICMP error message may be generated for an ICMP error message.

B) An ICMP error message may be generated only for the first fragment.

C) An ICMP error message may be generated for a multicast datagram.

D) none is true

20. IGMP is a companion to the ______ protocol.

A) UDP

B) TCP

C) ICM


21. IGMP is _______ protocol.

A) an error reporting

B) a group management

C) a transmission


22. IGMP helps a ________ router create and update a list of loyal members related to each router interface.

A) broadcast

B) unicast

C) multicast


23. IGMP operates __________.

A) locally

B) globally

C) both a and b


24. An IGMP query is sent from a _______ to a _______.

A) host; host

B) host; router

C) router; host or router


25. The _______ is used by a router in response to a received leave report.

A) general query message

B) special query message

C) membership report


26. The least significant 23 bits in a 48-bit Ethernet address identify a ________.

A) multicast router

B) host

C) multicast group


27. The _______ field of the IGMP message is all zeros in a query message.

A) version

B) type

C) group address


28. A multicast message is sent from _______ to _______.

A) one source; one destination

B) one source; multiple destinations

C) multiple sources; one destination


29. In networks that do not support physical multicast addressing, multicasting can be accomplished through _______.

A) mapping

B) queries

C) tunneling


30. If four hosts on a network belong to the same group, a total of _______ sent in response to a general query message.

A) one membership report is

B) two membership reports are

C) three membership reports are


31. In IGMP, a membership report is sent _______.

A) once

B) twice

C) three times


32. In IGMP, the general query message ___________________ group.

A) does not define a particular

B) explicitly defines a

C) can define more than one


33. An IGMP packet is carried in an __________ packet.

A) UDP

B) IP

C) Ethernet frame


34. The IP packet that carries an IGMP packet has a value of _______ in its protocol field.

A) 3

B) 2

C) 1


ANSWERS:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22B B A A B B A A A A C A C C C A C D B D B C23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 A C B C C B C B B A B B

1. In _______ delivery, both the deliverer of the IP packet and the destination are on the same network.

A) a connectionless

B) a direct

C) an indirect


2. In _______ delivery, the deliverer of the IP packet and the destination are on different networks.

A) a connection-oriented

B) a direct

C) an indirect


3. In _______ forwarding, the full IP address of a destination is given in the routing table.

A) next-hop

B) network-specific

C) host-specific

D) default

4. In _______ forwarding, the mask and destination addresses are both 0.0.0.0 in the routing table.

A) next-hop

B) network-specific

C) host-specific

D) default

5. In _______ forwarding, the destination address is a network address in the routing table.

A) next-hop

B) network-specific

C) host-specific

D) default

6. In _______ forwarding, the routing table holds the address of just the next hop instead of complete route information.

A) next-hop

B) network-specific

C) host-specific

D) default

7. The idea of address aggregation was designed to alleviate the increase in routing table entries when using ________.

A) classful addressing

B) classless addressing

C) both a and b


8. The principle of ________ states that the routing table is sorted from the longest mask to the shortest mask.

A) first mask matching

B) shortest mask matching

C) longest mask matching


9. The use of hierarchy in routing tables can ________ the size of the routing tables.

A) reduce

B) increase

C) both a and b


10. _______ deals with the issues of creating and maintaining routing tables.

A) Forwarding

B) Routing

C) Directing


11. A _______ routing table contains information entered manually.

A) static

B) dynamic

C) hierarchical


12. A _______ routing table is updated periodically using one of the dynamic routing protocols.

A) static

B) dynamic

C) hierarchical


13. The input and output ports of a router perform the ________ layer functions of the router.

A) physical and data link

B) network

C) transport


14. The routing processor of a router performs the ________ layer functions of the router.

A) physical and data link

B) network

C) transport


15. The task of moving the packet from the input queue to the output queue in a router is done by _________.

A) input and output ports

B) routing processor

C) switching fabrics


16. A static table is one _______.

A) with manual entries

B) which is updated automatically

C) either a or b


17. A dynamic table is one _______.

A) with manual entries

B) which is updated automatically

C) either a or b


18. For purposes of routing, the Internet is divided into ___________.

A) wide area networks

B) autonomous networks

C) autonomous systems


19. ____________ is a group of networks and routers under the authority of a single administration.

A) An autonomous system

B) An area

C) a and b


20. Routing inside an autonomous system is referred to as _______________.

A) interdomain routing

B) intradomain routing

C) both a and b


21. Routing between autonomous systems is referred to as ____________.

A) interdomain routing

B) intradomain routing

C) both a and b


22. In _______ routing, the least cost route between any two nodes is the route with the minimum distance.

A) path vector

B) distance vector

C) link state


23. In ________, each node maintains a vector (table) of minimum distances to every node.

A) path vector

B) distance vector

C) link state


24. In distance vector routing, each node periodically shares its routing table with _________ and whenever there is a change.

A) every other node

B) its immediate neighbors

C) one neighbor


25. The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is an intradomain routing based on _________ routing.

A) distance vector

B) link state

C) path vector


26. The metric used by _______ is the hop count.

A) OSPF

B) RIP

C) BGP


27. The _________ routing uses the Dijkstra algorithm to build a routing table.

A) distance vector

B) link state

C) path vector


28. The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol is an intradomain routing protocol based on _______ routing.

A) distance vector

B) link state

C) path vector


29. The _______ protocol allows the administrator to assign a cost, called the metric, to each route.

A) OSPF

B) RIP

C) BGP


30. In OSPF, a ________ link connects two routers without any other host or router in between.

A) point-to-point

B) transient

C) stub


31. In OSPF, a _______ link is a network with several routers attached to it.

A) point-to-point

B) transient

C) stub


32. In OSPF, a ________ link is a network is connected to only one router.

A) point-to-point

B) transient

C) stub


33. In OSPF, when the link between two routers is broken, the administration may create a _________ link between them using a longer path that probably goes through several routers.

A) point-to-point

B) transient

C) stub


34. In ________ routing, we assume that there is one node (or more) in each autonomous system that acts on behalf of the entire autonomous system.

A) distant vector

B) path vector

C) link state


35. ___________ is an interdomain routing protocol using path vector routing.

A) BGP

B) RIP

C) OSPF


36. To create a neighborhood relationship, a router running BGP sends an ________ message.

A) open

B) update

C) keepalive


37. An area is _______.

A) part of an AS

B) composed of at least two ASs

C) another term for an AS


38. A one-to-all communication between one source and all hosts on a network is classified as a _______ communication.

A) unicast

B) multicast

C) broadcast


39. A one-to-many communication between one source and a specific group of hosts is classified as a _______ communication.

A) unicast

B) multicast

C) broadcast


40. A one-to-one communication between one source and one destination is classified as a _______ communication.

A) unicast

B) multicast

C) broadcast


41. In ______, the router forwards the received packet through only one of its interfaces.

A) unicasting

B) multicasting

C) broadcasting


42. In _______, the router may forward the received packet through several of its interfaces.

A) unicasting

B) multicasting

C) broadcasting


43. Emulation of ________ through ___________ is not efficient and may create long delays.

A) unicasting; multiple unicasting

B) multicasting; multiple unicasting

C) broadcasting; multicasting


44. In unicast routing, each router in the domain has a table that defines a ______ path tree to possible destinations.

A) average

B) longest

C) shortest


45. In multicast routing, each involved router needs to construct a ________ path tree for each group.

A) average

B) longest

C) shortest


46. In the _______ tree approach, each router needs to have one shortest path tree for each group.

A) group-shared

B) source-based

C) a or b


47. In the group-shared tree approach, _________ involved in multicasting.

A) only the core router is

B) all routers are

C) only some routers are


48. Multicast link state routing uses the _______ tree approach.

A) source-based

B) group-shared

C) a or b


49. The Multicast Open Shortest Path First (MOSPF) protocol is an extension of the OSPF protocol that uses multicast routing to create source-based trees. The protocol is based on _______ routing.

A) distance vector

B) link state

C) path vector


50. MOSPF is a _______ protocol.

A) data-driven

B) command-driven

C) both a and b


51. _________ broadcasts packets, but creates loops in the systems.

A) Forwarding

B) Flooding

C) Backwarding


52. In RPF, a router forwards only the copy that has traveled the _______ path from the source to the router.

A) shortest

B) longest

C) average


53. RPF eliminates the ________ in the flooding process.

A) forwarding

B) backwarding

C) flooding


54. RPF guarantees that each network receives only ____ of the multicast packet.

A) one copy

B) two copies

C) a or b


55. RPB creates a shortest path _______ tree from the source to each destination.

A) unicast

B) multicast

C) broadcast


56. RPB guarantees that each destination receives _________ of the packet.

A) one copy

B) no copies

C) multiple copies


57. In ________, the multicast packet must reach only those networks that have active members for that particular group.

A) RPF

B) RPB

C) RPM


58. _______ adds pruning and grafting to _______ to create a multicast shortest path tree that supports dynamic membership changes.

A) RPM; RPB

B) RPB; RPM

C) RPF: RPM


59. __________ is an implementation of multicast distance vector routing. It is a source-based routing protocol, based on RIP.

A) MOSPF

B) DVMRP

C) CBT


60. DVMRP is a ________routing protocol, based on RIP.

A) source-based

B) group-shared

C) both a and b


61. Pruning and grafting are strategies used in _______.

A) RPF

B) RPB

C) RPM


62. A _______ message tells an upstream router to stop sending multicast messages for a specific group through a specific router.

A) weed

B) graft

C) prune


63. A _______ message tells an upstream router to start sending multicast messages for a specific group through a specific router.

A) weed

B) graft

C) prune


64. CBT is a ________ protocol that uses a core as the root of the tree.

A) source-based

B) group-shared

C) a or b


65. PIM-DM is used in a _______ multicast environment, such as a LAN.

A) dense

B) sparse

C) a or b


66. PIM-SM is used in a _______multicast environment such as a WAN.

A) dense

B) sparse

C) a or b


ANSWERS:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22B C C D B A B C A B A B A B C A B C A B A B23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44B B A B B B A A B C D B A A A C B A A B B C45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66C B A A B A B A D D C A C A B A C C B B A B

1. How many digits of the DNIC (Data Network Identification Code) identify the country?

A. first three

B. first four

C. first five

D. first six

E. None of the above

Answer: A

2. A station in a network forwards incoming packets by placing them on its shortest output queue. What routing algorithm is being used?

A. hot potato routing

B. flooding

C. static routing

D. delta routing


Answer: A

3. The probability that a single bit will be in error on a typical public telephone line using 4800 bps modem is 10 to the power -3. If no error detection mechanism is used, the residual error rate for a communication line using 9-bit frames is approximately equal to

A. 0.003

B. 0.009

C. 0.991

D. 0.999


Answer: B

4. Frames from one LAN can be transmitted to another LAN via the device

A. Router

B. Bridge

C. Repeater

D. Modem

Answer: B

5. Which of the following condition is used to transmit two packets over a medium at the same time?

A. Contention

B. Collision

C. Synchronous

D. Asynchronous


Answer: B

6. You have a class A network address 10.0.0.0 with 40 subnets, but are required to add 60 new subnets very soon. You would like to still allow for the largest possible number of host IDs per subnet. Which subnet mask should you assign?

A. 255.240.0.0

B. 255.248.0.0

C. 255.252.0.0

D. 255.254.0.0

E. 255.255.255.255

Answer: D

7. What are the most commonly used transmission speeds in BPS used in data communication?

A. 300

B. 1200

C. 2400

D. 9600


Answer: D

8. What is the default subnet mask for a class C network?

A. 127.0.0.1

B. 255.0.0.0

C. 255.255.0.0

D. 255.255.255.0


Answer: D

9. Which of the following is used for modulation and demodulation?

A. modem

B. protocols

C. gateway

D. multiplexer


Answer: A

10. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of wireless LAN?

A. Slower data transmission

B. higher error rate

C. interference of transmissions from different computers

D. All of the above

Answer: D

11. The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

A. allows gateways to send error a control messages to other gateways or hosts

B. provides communication between the Internet Protocol Software on one machine and the Internet Protocol Software on another

C. reports error conditions to the original source, the source must relate errors to individual application programs and take action to correct the problem

D. All of the above


Answer: D

12. Your company has a LAN in its downtown office and has now set up a LAN in the manufacturing plant in the suburbs. To enable everyone to share data and resources between the two LANs, what type of device(s) are needed to connect them? Choose the most correct answer.

A. Modem

B. Cable

C. Hub

D. Router

Answer: D

13. The term 'duplex' refers to the ability of the data receiving stations to echo back a confirming message to the sender. In full duplex data transmission, both the sender and the receiver

A. cannot talk at once

B. can receive and send data simultaneously

C. can send or receive data one at a time

D. can do one way data transmission only


Answer: B

14. How many hosts are attached to each of the local area networks at your site?

A. 128

B. 254

C. 256

D. 64


Answer: B

15. Which of the following technique is used for fragment?

A. a technique used in best-effort delivery systems to avoid endlessly looping packets

B. a technique used by protocols in which a lower level protocol accepts a message from a higher level protocol and places it in the data portion of the low level frame

C. one of the pieces that results when an IP gateway divides an IP datagram into smaller pieces for transmission across a network that cannot handle the original datagram size

D. All of the above


Answer: C

16. Contention is

A. One or more conductors that serve as a common connection for a related group of devices

B. a continuous frequency capable of being modulated or impressed with a second signal

C. the condition when two or more stations attempt to use the same channel at the same time

D. a collection of interconnected functional units that provides a data communications service among stations attached to the network


Answer: C

17. Avalanche photodiode receivers can detect hits of transmitted data by receiving

A. 100 photons

B. 200 photons

C. 300 photons

D. 400 photons


Answer: B

18. Satellite-Switched Time-Division Multiple Access (SS/TDMA) is

A. the method of determining which device has access to the transmission medium at any time.

B. a medium access control technique for multiple access transmission media

C. a form of TDMA in which circuit switching is used to dynamically change the channel assignments

D. All of the above


Answer: C

19. When you ping the loopback address, a packet is sent where?

A. On the network

B. Down through the layers of the IP architecture and then up the layers again

C. Across the wire

D. through the loopback dongle


Answer: B

20. Which of the following TCP/IP protocol is used for transferring electronic mail messages from one machine to another?

A. FTP

B. SNMP

C. SMTP

D. RPC


Answer: C

21. Which of the following device is used to connect two systems, especially if the systems use different protocols?

A. hub

B. bridge

C. gateway

D. repeater


Answer: C

22. The synchronous modems are more costly than the asynchronous modems because

A. they produce large volume of data

B. they contain clock recovery circuits

C. they transmit the data with stop and start bits.

D. they operate with a larger bandwidth


Answer: B

23. A distributed network configuration in which all data/information pass through a central computer is

A. bus network

B. star network

C. ring network

D. Point-to-point network


Answer: B

24. Which of the following TCP/IP protocol allows an application program on one machine to send a datagram to an application program on another machine?

A. UDP

B. VMTP

C. X.25

D. SMTP


Answer: A

25. A remote batch-processing operation in which data is solely input to a central computer would require a:

A. telegraph line

B. simplex lines

C. mixed-band channel

D. All the above


Answer: B

1. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is

A. a TCP/IP protocol used to dynamically bind a high level IP Address to a low-level physical hardware address

B. a TCP/IP high level protocol for transferring files from one machine to another

C. a protocol used to monitor computers

D. a protocol that handles error and control messages


Answer: D

2. If you get both local and remote echoes, every character you type will appear on the screen

A. once

B. twice

C. three times

D. never


Answer: B

3. What part of 192.168.10.51 is the Network ID, assuming a default subnet mask?

A. 192

B. 192.168.10

C. 0.0.0.5

D. 51


Answer: B

4. The slowest transmission speeds are those of

A. twisted-pair wire

B. coaxial cable

C. fiber-optic cable

D. microwaves

Answer: A

5. A noiseless 3 KHz Channel transmits bits with binary level signals. What is the maximum data rate?

A. 3 Kbps

B. 6 Kbps

C. 12 Kbps

D. 24 Kbps.

Answer: B

6. Carrier is

A. One or more conductors that serve as a common connection for a related group of devices

B. a continuous frequency capable of being modulated or impressed with a second signal

C. the condition when two or more sections attempt to use the same channel at the same time

D. a collection of interconnected functional units that provides a data communications service among stations attached to the network


Answer: B

7. What can greatly reduce TCP/IP configuration problems?

A. WINS Server

B. WINS Proxy

C. DHCP Server

D. PDC


Answer: C

8. In CRC there is no error if the remainder at the receiver is _____.

A. equal to the remainder at the sender

B. zero

C. nonzero

D. the quotient at the sender

Answer: B

9. Which of the following statements is correct for the use of packet switching?

A. the subdivision of information into individually addressed packets in conjunction with alternative routing arrangement enabled the transmission path to be altered in the event of congestion or individual link failure

B. the employment of additional intelligence within the network enabled more sophisticated error control and link control procedures to be applied

C. by employing wide bandwidth circuits for the trunk networks substantial economies through extensive sharing of capacity could be achieved.

D. All of the above


Answer: D

10. A front-end processor is

A. a user computer system

B. a processor in a large-scale computer that executes operating system instructions

C. a minicomputer that relieves main-frame computers at a computer centre of communications control functions

D. preliminary processor of batch jobs.


Answer: C

11. What is the port number for NNTP?

A. 119

B. 80

C. 79

D. 70

Answer: A

12. Eight stations are competing for the use of a shared channel using the 'Adaptive tree Walk Protocol'. If the stations 7 and 8 are suddenly become ready at once, how many bit slots are needed to resolve the contention?

A. 7 slots

B. 5 slots

C. 10 slots

D. 14 slots

Answer: A

13. Usually, it takes 10-bits to represent one character. How many characters can be transmitted at a speed of 1200 BPS?

A. 10

B. 12

C. 120

D. 1200


Answer: C

14. To connect a computer with a device in the same room, you might be likely to use

A. a coaxial cable

B. a dedicated line

C. a ground station

D. All of the above


Answer: A

15. Internet-like networks within an enterprise.

A. Intranets

B. Switching alternating

C. Inter organizational networks

D. Extranets

Answer: A

16. How many bits internet address is assigned to each host on a TCP/IP internet which is used in all communications with the host?

A. 16 - bits

B. 32 - bits

C. 48 - bits

D. 64 - bits


Answer: B

17. With an IP address of 100, you currently have 80 subnets. What subnet mask should you use to maximize the number of available hosts?

A. 192

B. 224

C. 240

D. 248

E. 252

Answer: E

18. Which of the following types of channels moves data relatively slowly?

A. wideband channel

B. voice band channel

C. narrowband channel

D. broadband channel


Answer: C

19. Which of the following is required to communicate between two computers?

A. communications software

B. protocol

C. communications hardware

D. access to transmission medium

E. All of the above

Answer: E

20. Which of the following does not allow multiple users or devices to share one communications line?

A. doubleplexer

B. multipplexer

C. concentrator

D. controller


Answer: A

21. The geostationary satellite used for communication systems

A. rotates with the earth

B. remains stationary relative to the earth

C. is positioned over equator

D. All of the above


Answer: D

22. Telecommunication networks frequently interconnect an organization with its customers and suppliers. Select the best fit for answer:

A. Bandwidth alternatives



D. Extranets

Answer: C

23. The packets switching concept was first proposed

A. in the late 1980s for the Defense Ministry of US.

B. in the early 1960s for military communication systems, mainly to handle speech

C. in the late 1950s for Defense Ministry of US

D. All of the above


Answer: B

24. The _____ houses the switches in token ring.

A. transceiver

B. nine-pin connector

C. MAU

D. NIC


Answer: C

25. What device separates a single network into two segments but lets the two segments appear as one to higher protocols?

A. Switch

B. Bridge

C. Gateway

D. Router

Answer: B

1. Which of the following refers to the terms "residual error rate"?

A. the number of bit errors per twenty four hours of continuous operation on an asynchronous line

B. The probability that one or more errors will be undetected when an error detection scheme is used

C. the probability that one or more errors will be detected when an error detection mechanism is used

D. signal to noise ratio divided by the ratio of energy per bit to noise per hertz


Answer: B

2. Which of the following summation operations is performed on the bits to check an error-detecting code?

A. Codec

B. Coder-decoder

C. Checksum

D. Attenuation

Answer: C

3. The research and development department at your office has been experimenting with different technologies to help improve the performance of the network. One group has been examining the use of a broadband network versus a based band network. Select the correct statement about broadband and baseband.

A. Broadband networks carry several channels on a single cable, whereas in a baseband network several cables carry one channel

B. Baseband networks carry a single channel on a single cable, whereas broadband networks carry several channels on a single cable

C. Baseband refers to local area networks, and broadband refers to wide area networks.

D. Baseband operates at a standard bit rate, whereas broadband may operate at different rates as needed

E. Broadband and baseband refer to the different frequencies at which infrared operates then transmitting signals in certain conditions

Answer: B

4. An error-detecting code inserted as a field in a block of data to be transmitted is known as

A. Frame check sequence

B. Error detecting code

C. Checksum

D. flow control


Answer: A

5. The cheapest modems can transmit

A. 300 bits per second

B. 1,200 bits per second

C. 2,400 bits per second

D. 4,800 bits per second


Answer: A

6. Computers cannot communicate with each other directly over telephone lines because they use digital pulses whereas telephone lines use analog sound frequencies. What is the name of the device which permits digital to analog conversion at the start of a long distance transmission?

A. Interface

B. Modem

C. Attenuation

D. Teleprocessor


Answer: B

7. What is the usual number of bits transmitted simultaneously in parallel data transmission used by microcomputers?

A. 16

B. 9

C. 8

D. 4


Answer: B

8. The receive equalizer reduces delay distortions using a

A. tapped delay lines

B. gearshift

C. descrambler

D. difference engine


Answer: A

9. Four routers have to be interconnected in a point-to-point Network. Each pair of root us may connect by a high-speed line, a medium speed line or a low speed line. Find the total number of topologies.

A. 12

B. 81

C. 48

D. 729

Answer: D

10. A network consists of eight NT servers. You are planning to move servers to different segments of your network, what utility should be used at each server to determine which server generates the most traffic?

A. NBTSTAT

B. NETSTAT.EXE

C. Performance Monitor

D. Network Monitor

E. ARP.EXE

Answer: D

11. Sending a file from your personal computer's primary memory or disk to another computer is called

A. uploading

B. downloading

C. logging on

D. hang on


Answer: A

12. What is the name of the software package that allows people to send electronic mail along a network of computers and workstations?

A. Memory resident package

B. Project management package

C. Data communication package

D. Electronic mail package


Answer: C

13. The communication mode that supports two-way traffic but only one direction at a time is

A. simplex

B. duplex

C. half duplex

D. multiplex


Answer: C

14. HMP (Host Monitoring Protocol) is:

A. a TCP/IP protocol used to dynamically bind a high level IP Address to a low-level physical hardware address

B. a TCP/IP high level protocol for transferring files from one machine to another.

C. a protocol used to monitor computers

D. a protocol that handles error and control messages


Answer: C

15. Which of the following is a voice band channel?

A. Telephone line

B. Telegraph line

C. Coaxial cable

D. Microwave systems


Answer: A

16. A 8-Mbps token ring has a token holding timer value of 10 msec. What is the longest frame (assume header bits are negligible) that can be sent on this ring?

A. 8000 B frame

B. 80,000 B frame

C. 8 x 105 bit frame

D. 10,000 B frame

Answer: D

17. Data are sent over pin _____ of the EIA-232 interface.

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

D. All of the above

Answer: A

18. To connect a computer with a device in the same room, you might be likely to use

A. a coaxial cable

B. a dedicated line

C. a ground station

D. All of the above

Answer: A

19. Demodulation is a process of

A. converting analog to digital signals

B. converting digital to analog signals

C. multiplexing various signals into one high speed line signals

D. performing data description.

Answer: A

20. Internet-like networks between a company and its business partners. Select the best fit for answer:

A. Bandwidth alternatives



D. Extranets

Answer: D

21. An example of an analog communication method is

A. laser beam

B. microwave

C. voice grade telephone line

D. All of the above


Answer: D

22. Which of the following layer protocols are responsible for user and the application programme support such as passwords, resource sharing, file transfer and network management?

A. Layer 7 protocols

B. Layer 6 protocols

C. Layer 5 protocols

D. Layer 4 protocols


Answer: A

23. What frequency range is used for FM radio transmission?

A. Very Low Frequency : 3 kHz to 30. kHz

B. Low Frequency : 30 kHz to 300 kHz

C. High Frequency : 3 MHz to 30 MHz

D. Very High Frequency : 30 MHz to 300 MHz


Answer: D

24. Transmission of computerized data from one location to another is called

A. data transfer

B. data flow

C. data communication

D. data management


Answer: C

25. Compared to analog signals, digital signals

A. allow faster transmission

B. are more accurate

C. both (a) and (b)

D. All of the above


Answer: C

1. FDDI is a

A. ring network

B. star network

C. mesh network

D. bus based network


Answer: A

2. An anticipated result from multiprogramming operations is:

A. reduced computer idle time

B. the handling of more jobs

C. better scheduling of work

D. All of the above


Answer: D

3. A central computer surrounded by one or more satellite computers is called a

A. bus network

B. ring network

C. star network

D. All of the above


Answer: C

4. If delays are recorded as 10 bit numbers in a 50 router network, and delay vectors are exchanged twice a second, how much bandwidth per fill duplex line is occupied by the distributed routing algorithm?

A. 500 bps

B. 1500 bps

C. 5 bps

D. 1000 bps

Answer: D

5. HOSTS file entries are limited to how many characters?

A. 8

B. 255

C. 500

D. Unlimited


Answer: B

6. Demodulation is the process of

A. converting digital signals to analog signals

B. converting analog signals to digital signals

C. combining many low speed channels into one high speed channel

D. dividing the high-speed signals into frequency bands


Answer: B

7. Which of the following statement is incorrect?

A. The Addresses Resolution Protocol, ARP, allows a host to find the physical address of a target host on the same physical network, given only the target IP address.

B. The sender's IP - to- physical address binding is included in every ARP broadcast; receivers update the IP-to-Physical address binding information in their cache before processing an ARP packet.

C. ARP is a low-level protocol that hides the underlying network physical addressing, permitting us to assign IP-addresses of our choice to every machine.

D. All of the above


Answer: D

8. You are working with a network that has the network ID 192.168.10.0. What subnet should you use that supports up to 25 hosts and a maximum number of subnets?

A. 255.255.255.192

B. 255.255.255.224

C. 255.255.255.240

D. 255.255.255.248

E. 255.255.255.252

Answer: B

9. Which of the following best illustrates the default subnet mask for a class A,B, and C Network?

A. 0.0.0.0, 0.0.0.1, 0.0.1.1

B. 255.255.255.0, 255.255.0.0, 255.0.0.0

C. 255.0.0.0, 255.255.0.0, 255.255.255.0

D. 255.255.0.0, 255.255.255.0, 255.255.255.255


Answer: C

10. Modulation is the process of

A. converting analog signals to digital signals

B. converting digital signals to analog signals

C. Multiplexing various signals into high speed line signals

D. performing data encryption.

Answer: B

11. Devices interconnected by the LAN should include

A. Computers and terminals

B. mass storage device, printers and plotters

C. bridges and gateways

D. All of the above


Answer: D

12. What are the data transmission channels available for carrying data from one location to another?

A. Narrowband

B. Voice band

C. Broadband

D. All of the above


Answer: D

13. On a class B network, how many hosts are available at each site with a subnet mask of 248?

A. 16,382

B. 8,190

C. 4,094

D. 2,046

E. 1,022

Answer: D

14. Which of the following technique is used for encapsulation?

A. a technique used in best-effort delivery systems to avoid endlessly looping packets.

B. a technique used by protocols in which a lower level protocol accepts a message from a higher level protocol and places it in the data portion of the low level frame.

C. One of the pieces that results when an IP gateway divides an IP datagram into smaller pieces for transmission across a network that cannot handle the original datagram size

D. All of the above


Answer: B

15. You are working with three networks that have the network IDs 192.168.5.0, 192.168.6.0, and 192.168.7.0. What subnet mask can you use to combine these addresses into one?

A. 255.255.252.0

B. 225.255.254.0

C. 255.255.255.240

D. 255.255.255.252

Answer: A

16. With an IP address set starting with 150, you currently have six offices that you are treating as subnets. Plans are in place to open 10 more offices before the end of the year. What subnet mask should you use to satisfy the needed number of subnets and maximize the number of hosts available at each site?

A. 192

B. 224

C. 240

D. 248

E. 252

Answer: D

17. A machine that connects to two or more electronic mail systems and transfers mail messages among them is known as

A. Gateways

B. mail gateway

C. bridges

D. User Agent


Answer: B

18. If digital data rate of 9600 bps is encoded using 8-level phase shift keying (PSK) method, the modulation rate is

A. 1200 bands

B. 3200 bands

C. 4800 bands

D. 9600 bands


Answer: B

19. Error detection at a data link level is achieved by

A. bit stuffing

B. cyclic redundancy codes

C. Hamming codes

D. equalization

Answer: B

20. When the computer provides the manager with a multiple choice of possible answers, the prompting technique is

A. question and answer

B. form filling

C. open-ended question

D. menu selection


Answer: D

21. Which network topology is considered passive?

A. Cross

B. Ring

C. Star

D. Mesh

E. Bus

Answer: E

22. If a firm wanted to transmit data from 1,000 punched cards to a remote computer, they would use a(n)

A. POS terminal

B. data collection terminal

C. batch processing terminal

D. intelligent terminal


Answer: C

23. Which address is the loopback address?

A. 0.0.0.1

B. 127.0.0.0

C. 127.0.0.1

D. 255.255.255.255


Answer: C

24. Error rate is

A. an error-detecting code based on a summation operation performed on the bits to be checked.

B. a check bit appended to an array of binary digits to make the sum of all the binary digits.

C. a code in which each expression conforms to specific rules of construction, so that if certain errors occur in an expression, the resulting expression will not conform to the rules of construction and thus the presence of the errors is detected.

D. the ratio of the number of data units in error to the total number of data units


Answer: D

25. Intranets and extranets can use their network fire walls and other security features to establish secure Internet links within an enterprise or with its trading partners. Select the best fit for answer:

A. Network Server

B. Virtual Private Network

C. Network operating system

D. OSI

Answer: B

1. The _______ is the physical path over which a message travels.

A) Protocol

B) Medium

C) Signal

D) All the above

2. The information to be communicated in a data communications system is the _______.

A) Medium

B) Protocol

C) Message

D) Transmission

3. Frequency of failure and network recovery time after a failure are measures of the _______of a network.

A) Performance

B) Reliability

C) Security

D) Feasibility

4. An unauthorized user is a network _______ issue.

A) Performance

B) Reliability

C) Security

D) All the above

5. Which topology requires a central controller or hub?

A) Mesh

B) Star

C) Bus

D) Ring

6. Which topology requires a multipoint connection?

A) Mesh

B) Star

C) Bus

D) Ring

7. Communication between a computer and a keyboard involves ______________ transmission.

A) simplex

B) half-duplex

C) full-duplex

D) automatic

8. A television broadcast is an example of _______ transmission.

A) simplex

B) half-duplex

C) full-duplex

D) automatic

9. A _______ connection provides a dedicated link between two devices.

A) point-to-point

B) multipoint

C) primary

D) secondary

10. In a _______ connection, more than two devices can share a single link.

A) point-to-point

B) multipoint

C) primary

D) secondary

11. In _______ transmission, the channel capacity is shared by both communicating devices at all times.

A) simplex

B) half-duplex

C) full-duplex

D) half-simplex

12. In the original ARPANET, _______ were directly connected together.

A) IMPs

B) host computers

C) networks

D) routers

13. This was the first network.

A) CSNET

B) NSFNET

C) ANSNET

D) ARPANET

14. Which organization has authority over interstate and international commerce in the communications field?

A) ITU-T

B) IEEE

C) FCC

D) ISOC

15. _______ are special-interest groups that quickly test, evaluate, and standardize new technologies.

A) Forums

B) Regulatory agencies

C) Standards organizations

D) All of the above

16. Which agency developed standards for physical connection interfaces and electronic signaling specifications?

A) EIA

B) ITU-T

C) ANSI

D) ISO

17. _______ is the protocol suite for the current Internet.

A) TCP/IP

B) NCP

C) UNIX

D) ACM

18. _______ refers to the structure or format of the data, meaning the order in which they are presented.

A) Semantics

B) Syntax

C) Timing

D) All of the above

19. ________ defines how a particular pattern to be interpreted, and what action is to be taken based on that interpretation.

A) Semantics

B) Syntax

C) Timing


20. _______ refers to two characteristics: when data should be sent and how fast it can be sent.

A) Semantics

B) Syntax

C) Timing


21. Data flow between two devices can occur in a _______ way.

A) simplex

B) half-duplex

C) full-duplex

D) all of the above

22. In a ______ connection, two and only two devices are connected by a dedicated link.

A) multipoint

B) point-to-point

C) (a) and (b)


23. In a ________ connection, three or more devices share a link.

A) multipoint

B) point-to-point

C) (a) and (b)


24. ______ refers to the physical or logical arrangement of a network.

A) Data flow

B) Mode of operation

C) Topology


25. Devices may be arranged in a _____ topology.

A) mesh

B) ring

C) bus

D) all of the above

26. A _______ is a data communication system within a building, plant, or campus, or between nearby buildings.

A) MAN

B) LAN

C) WAN


27. A ______ is a data communication system spanning states, countries, or the whole world.

A) MAN

B) LAN

C) WAN


28. ________ is a collection of many separate networks.

A) A WAN

B) An internet

C) a LAN


29. There are ______________ Internet service providers.

A) local

B) regional

C) national and international

D) all of the above

30. A ________ is a set of rules that governs data communication.

A) forum

B) protocol

C) standard


31. ________ is an idea or concept that is a precursor to an Internet standard.

A) RCF

B) RFC

C) ID


1. Medium2. Message3. Reliability4. Security5. Star6. Bus7. simplex8. simplex9. point-to-point10. multipoint11. full-duplex12. IMPs

13. ARPANET14. FCC15. Forums16. EIA17. TCP/IP18. Syntax19. Semantics20. Timing21. all of the above22. point-to-point23. multipoint24. Topology25. all of the above26. LAN27. WAN28. An internet29. all of the above30. protocol31. RFC

Date post:	02-Nov-2014
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