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Networking Basics (1)

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    Networking basics

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    What is a network?Collection of computers and devices

    connected via communications devices

    and transmissionmediaNetworks can be classified by the

    geographical area they cover

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    Data communication:

    The electronic transfer of information betweencomputers.

    People think: several computers on a singlelocation sharing docs and devices.

    Network: include all the PCs in a dept ,a

    building, or multiple buildings, city or country. Text docs, voice, audio, video conferencing

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    Uses of networks:

    A network is a set of technologiesincluding hardware, software and media---that can be used to connect computers

    together, enabling them to communicateand exchange information and shareresources in real time.

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    Simultaneous access

    Network server:

    Is a central computer with large storagedevice and other resources that all userscan share.

    File server:

    If the server stores data files for users toaccess , it is commonly called a file server.

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    Simultaneous access

    Reasons for Share resources:

    1.software can be expensive.

    2.A lot of time and labor required.

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    Shared peripheral devices

    The ability to share peripheral devices isone of the best reason for small businessto set up a network.

    Example: printer sharing

    1.Can be directly attached to network

    2.Can be attached to print server.

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    Personal communications

    Teleconferencing:

    A kind of multi way communication carried out inreal time using computers and

    telecommunication networks.Subcategories:

    1.videoconferencing:

    virtual presence

    Seeing a video picture

    Uses microphones, loudspeakers, monitors,CODEC(COMPERESSOR/DECOMPRESSOR)

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    Personal communications

    2.audio-conferencing:

    high quality audio

    Enables more than 2 sites to linked.

    Between group of people.3.Data-conferencing:

    Two or sites have to share workplaces on thecomputer desktops.

    Shared Whiteboard

    Application sharing

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    Easier data backup

    It is important to back up the data

    one way is to keep it on separate storagedevice that employees can access througha network.

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    Common types of network

    There are 2 types of computer networks

    LAN (Local Area Networks)

    Wide Area Network (WAN)

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    LAN

    What is a local area network (LAN)? Network in limited geographical area such as

    home or office building

    LAN covers a small region of space typically asingle building, schools or at home

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    WAN

    What is a wide area network (WAN)? Network that covers large geographic area using

    many types of media

    Internet is worlds largest WAN

    Can be a collection of

    LANs or WANs or the mix of two with a verylarge geographical area for instant a country oreven beyond the border

    Dedicated transoceanic cabling or satelliteuplinks may be used to connect this type ofnetwork.

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    Topologies

    Physical layout of network devices

    Four types: mesh, bus, ring, and star

    A designer thinks of the several factorswhile designing protocol:

    1.types of computer and cabling

    2.distance between computers

    3.speed at which data must travel

    Cost of setting up a network

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    Bus Topology It is a multipointtopology.

    Each device shares the connection.

    The bus has one starting and oneending point.

    Packets stop at each device on the

    network. Only one device at a time can send.

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    Bus Topology

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    Star Topology All devices are connected to a central

    device (hub).

    The hub receives and forwardspackets.

    It is the easiest topology totroubleshoot and manage.

    It has a single point of failure.

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    Star Topology

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    Ring Topology

    It is a circle with no ends.

    Packets are sent from onedevice to the next.

    It does not slow down asmore devices are added.

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    Ring Topology

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    Mesh Topology It is also called a point-to-point

    topology.

    Each device is connected directly toall other network devices.

    It provides fault tolerance.

    It is only found in wide area networks.

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    Mesh Topology


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