LEARNING OUTCOME 1Compare the various types of networks in used today

LEARNING GUIDE

LEARNING ACTIVITYLEARNING STEPS PAGES RESOURCES

Read Information Sheet 1.1 on Basic Networking Concepts

Definition of Network Advantages of Networking Disadvantages of

Networking

Models of Networking Computing Centralized Computing Distributed Computing Collaborative Computing

Basic Administration Network Models Client/Server Based

Networking Peer to Peer Networking

Network Operating Systems (NOS)

Classification of Networks LAN MAN WAN

Intranet, Extranet and Internet

Network Services Basic Connectivity Services File Services

Information Sheet 1.1

Self Check 1.1

Model Answer to Self Check 1.1

File Transfer Services Printing Services

Application Services Directory Services Security Services

Answer Self Check 1.1Evaluation: Match Answer your answer to Model 1.1

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1

BASIC NETWORKING CONCEPTS

Network

a group of systems/computers that are connected together for the purpose of sharing data or sharing devices.

Advantages of Network

Reduce Cost Streamline Operation Improve end-user support Improve security

Disadvantages

Rapid spread of virus Expensive setup Dependency of main file server

Models of Networking Computing

Centralized Computing

Distributed Computing

Collaborative Computing

Centralized Computing

All processing takes place in the central mainframe computer.Terminals are connected to the central computer and function only as input/output devices.

Distributed Computing All processing takes place in the central mainframe computer. Terminals are connected to the central computer and function only as input/output

devices. Multiple computers capable of processing independently Task completion by the local computer or other computers on the network

Collaborative Computing

Multiple computers cooperating to perform a task Software designed to take advantage of the collaborative environment.

Network Model (Basic Administration)

1. Legacy Network

2. Client/Server Network

3. Peer-to-Peer Network

FEATURES OF LEGACY NETWORKS

All processing takes place at the central computer

Dumb terminals or terminals having no processing power provide user access to the mainframe/minicomputer

There are limited off-the-shelf software products available for purchase as most applications are custom-built

Support staff is needed for management and control

Incremental growth is prohibitively expensive

Features of peer-to-peer networks Workstations store their own application and data files Speed is primarily a factor of the workstation used as processing occurs at the

workstation Each node on the system talks to all the other nodes Peer-to-peer communications make some level of file and printer sharing possible No one system is in charge of the network Security might be limited This type of system does not work well with more than 10 workstations or nodes

Client/server networks1. In a client/server environment, there are separate systems providing resources and

accessing resources2. The client/server model provides distributed processing

Application and data files can be stored on the file server Files are downloaded to intelligent workstations (clients) for processing Results are uploaded to the server for storage

3. The server might provide additional services to the client

Categories of Networks

1. Local Area Networks (LAN)

A network of computers that are in the same general physical location, within a building or a campus.

2. Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)Connect Network in non-contiguous, but located in the same local area

3. Wide Area Networks (WAN)located in different local area

4. PERSONAL AREA NETWORK(PAN)

A computer network used for communication among computer devices close to one person. It can be considered one form of a metropolitan area network, specific to an academic setting.

The reach of a PAN is typically about 20-30 feet approximately 6-9 meters.

5. GLOBAL AREA NETWORK(GAN)a model for supporting mobile communications across an arbitrary number of wireless LANs, satellite coverage areas, etc.

6. CAMPUS AREA NETWORK(CAN) A campus area network (CAN) is a computer network made up of an

interconnection of local area networks (LANs) within a limited geographical area.

Covers an area equivalent to an academic campus or business park. A CAN is typically owned exclusively by one company, school, or organization.

WAN characteristics

1. Wide geographic area, any size up to national or international

2. Low to high speed links

3. Remote links that might be operational LANs or groups of workstations only

NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM

A Network Operating System (NOS) runs on the server in a client/server network configuration and turns a PC into a network server

Examples of NOSs include Microsoft NT/2000 Server/Server 2003, Novell NetWare, IBM OS/2, Banyan VINES, Mac OSX, AppleShare IP, UNIX and Linux

Servers

Computers that have been optimized to run a network operating system

Workstations

A personal computer that is connected to a network, which can perform tasks through applications or utilities

Hosts

Any network device that has a TCP/IP address

INTERNET TYPE APPLICATION

1. Internet

It is the largest global WAN, linking virtually every country, continent, and organization in the world. No single person, country, or entity owns or controls the Internet.

2. Intranet

It is a private network uses Internet protocols and services to share a company’s information with its employees. As with the Internet, employees access an intranet via a web browser and navigate a company’s web pages.

3. Extranet A private network that uses Internet Protocols and network connectivity to

provide access to company web pages via a web browser.

Enables an organization to store and share specific information or operations with vendors, partners, customers and other businesses.

Visualizing the differences among Internet, Intranet, and Extranet

NETWORK SERVICES - functions provided by a network

Types of Network Services

1. File services

Capability of a server to share data files, applications, and disk storage space

File server

Print services used to share printers across a network

2. Communications services

Transfer information from one place to another

Three Subareas:

Email

Voice mail

Fax services

3. Application Services

enable applications to leverage the computing power and specialized capabilities of other computers on a network

4. Internet services

Supplying Web pages, file transfer capabilities, Internet addressing schemes, security filters, and a means for directly logging on to other computers on the Internet

Web server

5. Management services: centrally administer management tasks on the network

Traffic monitoring and control

Load balancing

Hardware diagnosis and failure alert

Asset management

License tracking

Security auditing

Software distribution

Address management

Backup and restoration of data

6. Directory Services

also known as the x.500 standard, provide location information for different entities on the network.

main function is to act as an information booth, directing resource requests on the network to the location of the resource

7. Security Services

Control who can access the data or resource and what the user can do with it

SELF CHECK 1.1Encircle the letter of the correct answer

1. Which of the following is an example of a network?A. A computer attached to a printer and a scanner to input and output informationB. Computer systems sharing a common communication medium for the purpose of sharinginformation or devices.C. Several printers connected to a switch box going to a single terminalD. Several diskettes holding information for one workstation

2. In which type of network is there no dedicated server, with each node on the network being anequal resource for sharing and receiving information?A. Client /serverB. Peer-to-peerC. Windows Server 2003D. Novell NetWare 6.x

3. What is the Microsoft term for a peer-to-peer network?A. Client /serverB. DomainC. WorkgroupD. Active Directory

4. A company has offices in CAA and PAMPLONA. Both networks are connected to allow the two locations to communicate. This is considered what type of network?

A. LANB. JANC. MAND. WAN

5. Which type of server is responsible for storing fi les for users on the network?A. File-and-print serverB. Web serverC. Directory serverD. Application server

6. You wish to extend your intranet to certain business partners, what type of network are youbuilding?A. IntranetB. InternetC. Extranet

D. LAN

7. Which of the following are network operating systems and not simply desktop operatingsystems? (Choose all that apply.)A. Novell NetWareB. Microsoft Windows 98C. Microsoft Windows XPD. Microsoft Windows Server 2003

8. Network services that supply web pagesA. File ServicesB. Internet ServicesC. Print ServicesD. Email Servies

9.I have a web-based application that allows select business partners to review their account details and purchase products. What type of application have I built?

A. Supernet B. Internet

C. IntranetD. Extranet

10. A web-based application was built for employees within your company to track purchases. What type of application was built?

A. SupernetB. InternetC. IntranetD. Extranet

MODEL ANSWER TO SELF CHECK 1.1Encircle the letter of the correct answer

1. Which of the following is an example of a network?A. A computer attached to a printer and a scanner to input and output informationB. Computer systems sharing a common communication medium for the purpose of sharinginformation or devices.C. Several printers connected to a switch box going to a single terminalD. Several diskettes holding information for one workstation

2. In which type of network is there no dedicated server, with each node on the network being anequal resource for sharing and receiving information?A. Client /serverB. Peer-to-peerC. Windows Server 2003D. Novell NetWare 6.x

3. What is the Microsoft term for a peer-to-peer network?A. Client /serverB. DomainC. WorkgroupD. Active Directory

4. A company has offices in CAA and PAMPLONA. Both networks are connected to allow the two locations to communicate. This is considered what type of network?A. LANB. JANC. MAND. WAN

5. Which type of server is responsible for storing files for users on the network?A. File-and-print serverB. Web serverC. Directory serverD. Application server

6. You wish to extend your intranet to certain business partners, what type of network are youbuilding?A. IntranetB. InternetC. ExtranetD. LAN

7.Which of the following are network operating systems and not simply desktop operatingsystems? (Choose all that apply.)A. Novell NetWareB. Microsoft Windows 98C. Microsoft Windows XPD. Microsoft Windows Server 2003

8. Network services that supply web pagesA. File ServicesB. Internet ServicesC. Print ServicesD. Email Servies

9.I have a web-based application that allows select business partners to review their account details and purchase products. What type of application have I built?

A. Supernet B. Internet

C. IntranetD. Extranet

10. A web-based application was built for employees within your company to track purchases. What type of application was built?

A. SupernetB. InternetC. IntranetD. Extranet