Date post: | 25-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | horatio-juniper-watts |
View: | 217 times |
Download: | 1 times |
NetworkingNetworking
Feb. 6, 2008
by
Larry Finger
NetworkingNetworkingHardware Glossary
RJ45 – Official name for 8-pin connector Cat 5, 5E or 6 - Cable suitable for “high”-speed
transmission (2 flavors – straight and crossover) Hub – multiple ports with all input relayed to all ports Switch – Smarter than hub. It learns the port
corresponding to a given computer and relays signals only to that port.
Router – interconnects between 2 networks. Modem – Modulator/Demodulator – converts digital
signal into form for transmission over long distances NIC – Network Interface Card AP – wireless Access Point
NetworkingNetworkingSoftware Glossary (Part I)
IP – Internet Protocol CSMA/CD – Collision Sense Multiple Access/Collision
Detection TCP – Transmission Control Protocol UDP – User Datagram Protocol IPv4 – Original form of IP Address W.X.Y.Z ~4 billion IPv6 – Enhanced form (little used) ~200 trillion DHCP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol – means
for a server to supply the IP address for a computer
DNS – Domain Name Service – Names to IP Address conversion
NetworkingNetworkingSoftware Glossary (Part II)
Netmask – Indicates range of addresses allowed Client/Server – Client initiates exchange, server
responds MAC – Media Access Control Address –
hardware (physical) address of interface LAN – Local Area Network NAT – Network Address Translation – allows a
LAN to share one IP Address ISP – Internet Service Provider
NetworkingNetworkingNetwork – Best setup for more than 2
computers – uses external router
NetworkingNetworkingOn each computer connected to the router, run
the Network Setup Wizard
NetworkingNetworkingThe Wizard
NetworkingNetworkingWizard Step 1
NetworkingNetworkingConnection method
NetworkingNetworkingComputer description
NetworkingNetworkingSet your workgroup name
NetworkingNetworkingDo you want to share printers or disk?
NetworkingNetworkingA summary to check your answers
NetworkingNetworkingThe Wizard does its thing.
NetworkingNetworkingThe Wizard offers to make a Network Setup
Disk
NetworkingNetworkingFinish the Wizard
NetworkingNetworkingA reboot is the final step
NetworkingNetworkingNetwork for only 2 computers without external
router – not recommended
NetworkingNetworking
a
NetworkingNetworking
a
NetworkingNetworkingInformation may also be gotten from Network
Connections in Control Panel
NetworkingNetworkingIf you need to use a fixed IP Address
NetworkingNetworkingTo Share a Printer – Select Control
Panel/Printers and Faxes
NetworkingNetworking
a
NetworkingNetworkingFile sharing – Creating a share – Right click on
folder
NetworkingNetworkingCreating a file share – step 2
NetworkingNetworkingBrowsing to a shared folder
NetworkingNetworkingAssigning a shared folder to a new drive
NetworkingNetworkingAssigning a shared folder to a new drive
NetworkingNetworking
Diagnostic Tools Link Bit – for wired connections ipconfig - configuration ping – test connectivity nslookup – test DNS (domain nameserver) tracert – checks routing – each router returns the
time to reach it
NetworkingNetworkingTo check your network, use Start/Run and
enter “cmd” in the box
NetworkingNetworkingIn the “cmd” window, type ipconfig /all
NetworkingNetworkingOutput of “ping www.google.com”PING www.l.google.com (216.239.51.104) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from kc-in-f104.google.com (216.239.51.104): icmp_seq=1 ttl=241 time=161 ms
64 bytes from kc-in-f104.google.com (216.239.51.104): icmp_seq=2 ttl=241 time=164 ms
64 bytes from kc-in-f104.google.com (216.239.51.104): icmp_seq=3 ttl=241 time=147 ms
64 bytes from kc-in-f104.google.com (216.239.51.104): icmp_seq=4 ttl=241 time=156 ms
--- www.l.google.com ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3008ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 147.358/157.279/164.044/6.407 ms
NetworkingNetworking
Output of ping when it fails:PING www.l.google.com (216.239.51.99) 56(84) bytes of data.
--- www.l.google.com ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 3004ms
NetworkingNetworkingOutput of “nslookup www.google.com”Server: 192.168.4.1
Address: 192.168.4.1#53
Non-authoritative answer:
www.google.com canonical name = www.l.google.com.
Name: www.l.google.com
Address: 216.239.51.104
Name: www.l.google.com
Address: 216.239.51.99
NetworkingNetworkingOutput of tracert (Part I) – Save this for later
tracert www.google.comtracert to www.google.com (64.233.169.104), 30 hops max, 40
byte packets
1 10.112.0.1 (10.112.0.1) 177.205 ms 184.276 ms 185.644 ms
2 gw1.iad1.fullmeshnetworks.com (38.119.98.193) 182.302 ms 183.300 ms 181.994 ms
3 fa0-2.na05.b003393-1.iad03.atlas.cogentco.com (38.112.9.129) 179.328 ms 183.148 ms 176.084 ms
4 gi8-43.3505.mpd01.iad03.atlas.cogentco.com (38.20.33.225) 174.955 ms 167.986 ms 186.439 ms
5 vl3489.mpd01.dca02.atlas.cogentco.com (154.54.7.93) 198.836 ms 199.103 ms 198.833 ms
NetworkingNetworking
tracert output (Part II) 6 te1-2.ccr02.iad01.atlas.cogentco.com (154.54.7.158) 199.933
ms te8-2.ccr02.iad01.atlas.cogentco.com (154.54.2.50) 208.862 ms 241.249 ms
7 google.iad01.atlas.cogentco.com (154.54.10.146) 131.430 ms google.iad01.atlas.cogentco.com (154.54.13.206) 131.893 ms google.iad01.atlas.cogentco.com (154.54.10.146) 141.629 ms
8 209.85.130.12 (209.85.130.12) 151.897 ms 209.85.130.16 (209.85.130.16) 197.819 ms *
9 * 64.233.175.109 (64.233.175.109) 396.917 ms 396.506 ms
10 72.14.232.25 (72.14.232.25) 420.351 ms 442.178 ms 72.14.232.21 (72.14.232.21) 447.649 ms
11 yo-in-f104.google.com (64.233.169.104) 440.918 ms 436.546 ms 437.290 ms
NetworkingNetworkingDiagnostic Steps if accessing a particular site fails:
1.Check link light if you have a wired connection
2.Ping your default gateway – if this fails, your local network is faulty.
3.Check your IP address – if 169.X.X.X, DHCP is failing.
4.Do an nslookup for the site that is failing – if this fails, your ISP's name server is failing, or you have an external connectivity problem
5. If step 4 fails, ping 216.239.51.104. If 4 works, ping site by name.
6. If 5 works and 4 fails, your ISP has a name server problem.
7. If both 4 and 5 fail, the network is failing – use the tracert output and ping each step.