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Slide 2 NETWORKING PROTOCOLS How do Networks Talk? Slide 3 THE PROTOCOL Rules that define how network devices communicate with each other Ensures that products from various manufacturers can communicate with each other Part of the software that makes a network..work! So devices are speaking the same language to each other. Delivers the packets in the same form to each device Slide 4 THE PACKET What the network breaks information down to Very Small Consists of three parts: Header Data Trailer Slide 5 PROTOCOLS Internet Protocol (IP) & IP Addresses Probably the most used protocol Kind of like a social security number for a network device Two versions, IP4 and IP6 IP4 4.3 billion combinations IP6 3.4 X 10^38 or 340,282,366,920,938,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 THATS A BIG NUMBER!! Regulated by www.iana.org and in the North Americas its www.Arin.net Slide 6 AN IP ADDRESS VERSION 4 Slide 7 IP ADDRESSES RANGE / RESERVE 0.0.0.0-255.255.255.255 The range of addresses. Class A block 1.0.0.0 to 127.0.0.0 126 full blocks of IP addresses Class B block 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.0.0 - 64 full blocks Class C block - 192.0.0.0 through 223.255.255.0 32 full blocks Class D block - 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 16 full blocks Class E block - 240.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.254 14 full blocks Private vs Public IP Addresses Private only viewed within a network Public can be viewed and routed over the entire internet Reserve Addresses 0.0.0.0 -- This represents the default network, which is the abstract concept of just being connected to a TCP/IP network. 255.255.255.255 -- This address is reserved for network broadcasts, or messages that should go to all computers on the network. 127.0.0.1 -- This is called the loopback address, meaning your computer's way of identifying itself, whether or not it has an assigned IP address. 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 -- This is the Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) range of addresses assigned automatically when a computer's unsuccessful getting an address from a DHCP server. Slide 8 IP ADDRESSES RANGE / RESERVE Private IP Addresses Class A10.0.0.0 -10.255.255.255 Class B172.16.0.0 -172.31.255.255 Class C192.168.0.0 -192.168.255.255 Network Device 1 192.100.100.10 Wireless Router DHCP Server 192.100.100.1- 192.100.100.254 DSL Modem 63.69.63.2 Network Device 2 192.100.100.11 Network Device 3 192.100.100.12 Public IP Address Private Network Private IP Addresses Slide 9 IP NETWORK SUBNET MASKS SubnetBitsTotal SpaceUsable Space 255.255.255.2553210 255.255.255.2543120 255.255.255.2523042 255.255.255.2482986 255.255.255.240281614 255.255.255.224273230 255.255.255.192266462 255.255.255.12825128126 255.255.255.024256254 255.255.254.023512510 255.255.252.02210241022 255.255.248.02120482046 Slide 10 IP ADDRESS & SUBNET MASK Slide 11 ASSIGNMENT 1 In order for network devices to communicate with each other even though they might have different manufacturers there needs to be the same __________. The protocol basically means all the network devices are speaking the same __________. The protocol type - IP address stands for : ____________ ____________ ___________ The octets in an IP address can only be between the values of ______ and __________. A private IP address cannot be __________ or viewed over the entire internet. A DHCP server distributes _____________ to network devices where DHCP is enabled. If a network devices acquires an IP address it is considered __________________. Although much more rare, a ___________ IP address is assigned to a network device and never changes. The IP address 127.0.0.1 is often call the ____________ because it allows a network device to identify itself. The ___________ mask is another set of octets that allows IP network blocks to be further sub divided. Public or Private IP? : 10.100.100.10 -- ______________________ Slide 12 ASSIGNMENT 2 Take the star network that you constructed in the 4 Network shapes lesson, copy the slide and paste into this lesson. Now assign private IP addresses to each node and Switch. Next look at the chart on slide 8 and assign a subnet mask that would give you enough usable spaces for the amount of IP addresses you needed. For example, if I had 200 nodes I would need to use the subnet mask 255.255.255.0. So your network nodes would like something like this. The subnet mask will be the same for each node, but the IP address will be different. Node 192.100.100.10 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 Slide 13 ASSIGNMENT 3 For the following networks give the IP scheme and the subnet mask needed. Use a private block of IP addresses. So for example a location with 40 network devices IP Scheme 10.100.100.1 255.255.255.192 Location 1 Building 1 IT / Engineering - 300 computers / Server Room Building 2 Accounting - 120 computers Building 3 HR - 10 Computers Building 4 Backup Room 20 Computers Building 5 Programming - 282 Computers Building 6 Executive 24 Computers Location 2 Floor 1 120 Computers Floor 2 67 Computers Floor 3 188 Computers Location 3 Building 1 50 Computers Building 2 20 Computers Building 3 210 Computers