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Networks Without Wires™
Networks Without Wires®
Strix SystemsStrix Systems
Tempe Conference February 2006
Presented by: Bret Newman,
Senior Systems Engineer
2Networks Without Wires™
AgendaAgenda
Why a Mesh (current and future)
Design Examples
Single, Dual and Multi-Radio Offerings
Strix IWS/OWS Product Overview
Security
Antennas
NIC issues
Network Management & CLI
3Networks Without Wires™
Structured Wireless MeshSelf-ConfiguringStructured Wireless MeshSelf-Configuring
Standby/Available Mesh Path
User Coverage
Termination Point
Active Mesh Path
4Networks Without Wires™
Future of WirelessFuture of Wireless
Current • 802.11a backhaul• 802.11b/g client access• CPE is can be 802.11a/b/g or combination
Near Future – Standards Based• 4.9 Public Safety (to client with possible 802.11A backhaul)
• WIMAX • Licensed and unlicensed bands (Strix plans to support both)
• LOS/NLOS
• Client and backhaul uses
• QoS Granularity
• MIMO 802.11n (currently non-standards based)• Client Technology today
• Mesh Technology in the future
• Lots of antennas outside may not aesthetically pleasing
Different States will use wireless differently
5Networks Without Wires™
WiMAX Spectrum PlanWiMAX Spectrum Plan
6Networks Without Wires™
Deployments with Mesh NetworksDeployments with Mesh Networks
Hotels & Hospitality Suites
Public Safety
Individual Homes & Businesses
Resorts VOIP
The Triple Play!
Data
VOIP
VideoClass of Service Prioritization
Roaming
7Networks Without Wires™
Factors For SuccessFactors For Success
Tempe looked for:1. Number of radios & number of physical wired backhauls $$$
2. Ease of installation
3. System Design
• Easy to maintain
• Ability to handle the hot and the cold temperatures
• Upgradeability (no fork lift upgrade)
4. Easy to manage & administer (firmware and features)
5. Security (AES, WPA, TKIP)
6. QoS with Prioritization (802.1q tagging)
7. Client roaming
8. Indoor and Outdoor integration
8Networks Without Wires™
Different Approaches To Mesh NetworkingDifferent Approaches To Mesh Networking
Single RadioSingle Radio Dual RadioDual Radio Multi-RadioMulti-Radio
High-Level High-Level DesignDesign
Single Radio for Single Radio for mesh backbone and mesh backbone and
client accessclient access
Single radio for Single radio for mesh backbone, mesh backbone, single radio for single radio for client accessclient access
Dedicated radios for ingress Dedicated radios for ingress and egress in mesh backbone, and egress in mesh backbone,
dedicated radios for client dedicated radios for client accessaccess
ScalabilityScalability Extremely limitedExtremely limited LimitedLimited Maximum Maximum
Latency Latency over Hopsover Hops
HighHigh Medium HighMedium High LowLow
Throughput Throughput over Hopsover Hops
LowLow LowLow HighHigh
Real-Time Real-Time Applications Applications SupportSupport
LimitedLimited LimitedLimited MaximumMaximum
All mesh should be self-configuring, self-tuning, All mesh should be self-configuring, self-tuning, and self-healing - But all mesh is not the same and self-healing - But all mesh is not the same All mesh should be self-configuring, self-tuning, All mesh should be self-configuring, self-tuning, and self-healing - But all mesh is not the same and self-healing - But all mesh is not the same
9Networks Without Wires™
One Radio Mesh - CompetitorsOne Radio Mesh - Competitors
One radio mesh is considered the most basic of mesh networks.• One radio/one channel per node• Linear listen, receive, send
• For data to be relayed, it must be repeated• Nodes listen and retransmit• Retransmission requires adjacent radios to be quiet
• Minimum 50% degradation per hop!
CH
1
CH 1
CH 1CH 1
CH
1CH 1
CH 1
Wire
Requires access point to listen
before broadcasting
Requires access point to listen
before broadcasting
Adjacent radios must suppress
broadcasting while other radios
transmit
May operate at layer 3
Proxy ARP
10Networks Without Wires™
Two Radio MeshTwo Radio Mesh
Two radio mesh networks.• One B/G radio (client access) and one A radio (backhaul) per node• Limited number of client associations• Backhaul radio still has to listen then transmit (only one radio at a time)• May require separate controller to connect to physical network• Still has 50% hop degradation!
11Networks Without Wires™
Structured Wireless MeshStructured Wireless Mesh
A
GA
G
A
G
A
G
AES Encryption AES Encryption
A
GA
G
Legend
Ch44Ch56
Ch1 Ch11 Ch6
• Dedicated Radios by Function 802.11a - Backhaul Egress, Backhaul Ingress 802.11a/b/g - Client Ingress (AP)• Full Duplex Transmission Via Multi-Radio Hops• Operates at Layer 2 for data and Layer 3 for Management• 100 Megabit switching between radio modules• AES encrypted links
•Encryption performed in hardware for minimal latency• Dynamic Channel Allocation
802.11a EGRESS – Strix Network Connect
802.11a INGRESS – Strix/User Client Connect
802.11g INGRESS – User Client Connect
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Full Duplex Structured MeshFull Duplex Structured Mesh
Strix Systems’ Access/One Network technology creates a structured mesh network, yielding “full duplex” performanceDedicated radios – 802.11 a/b/g
• Client connect radios for full-time “listening” to client traffic• Network connect radios, one for full time “listening” one for “speaking”
• Near-zero throughput loss per hop and minimal latency <3ms• Self-healing/Self-tuning/Self-configuring • High-speed roaming >95mph (for mobile vehicles Strix recommends a Strix
IWS)
• Indoor access from a Strix or third party CPE
CH 106
AES encrypted
CH
1
Wire802.11a
802.11g
802.11a
802.11g
802.11a
802.11a
802.11g
802.11a
802.11a
802.11g
802.11g
802.11a
802.11a
CH 44
AES encrypted
AES encrypted
Access/One nodes start sending packets even before all are
receivedCH 130CH 153
CH 6
CH 11
CH 1 CH 6
Use of AES encrypted 802.11a
provides many non overlapping
channels, reducing interference
CH 1
802.11a
CH 1
802.11g
802.11a EGRESS – Strix Network Connect
802.11a INGRESS – Strix/User Client Connect
802.11g INGRESS – User Client Connect
13Networks Without Wires™
Example of self healingExample of self healing
Intelligent pathing based on:• Availability • Round trip delay• Signal/noise ratio• Interference
Each node is always scanning alternate paths Network intelligently tunes accordinglyUpon failure, nodes reroute within milliseconds
CH
1
Wire802.11a
802.11g
802.11a
802.11g
802.11a
802.11a
802.11g
802.11a
802.11a
802.11g
802.11a
802.11g
802.11a
802.11a
802.11g
CH 106
AES encrypted
CH 44
AES encryptedCH 1
CH 11CH 1
802.11a EGRESS – Strix Network Connect
802.11a INGRESS – Strix/User Client Connect
802.11g INGRESS – User Client Connect
14Networks Without Wires™
So What Does This Mean?So What Does This Mean?
Less than 20-Less than 20-40ms Latency 40ms Latency
Across 10 Hops – Across 10 Hops – Suitable For Suitable For
Voice and Video Voice and Video ApplicationsApplications
Less than 20-Less than 20-40ms Latency 40ms Latency
Across 10 Hops – Across 10 Hops – Suitable For Suitable For
Voice and Video Voice and Video ApplicationsApplications
15Networks Without Wires™
Strix Systems OWSHigh PerformanceStrix Systems OWSHigh Performance
Number of Hops
Ban
dw
idth
(M
bp
s)
Strix Systems Multi-Radio
Mesh
Strix Systems Multi-Radio
Mesh
Strix Systems Multi-Radio
Mesh
Competitive Single
Radio Mesh
Low Latency Across Multiple Hops Suitable for Low Latency Across Multiple Hops Suitable for Real Time Voice and Video ApplicationsReal Time Voice and Video Applications
802.11a, 3 Radio System (client, ingress, egress)
In a Noisy Environment
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11g
11b
16Networks Without Wires™
CompetitionCompetition
Point to point – wired access points• Just about any outdoor single radio AP
Wireless bridging or WDS – one radio does receive and send• Tropos, Firetide, Cisco
Bridged Mesh – dedicated radios, not switched• BelAir, Cisco, Nortel
Structured Mesh – Full time dedicated radios for ingress, egress and client connectivity• Strix!
17Networks Without Wires™
Example DesignExample Design
Mesh Nodes
Core Nodes
Edge Nodes
Access Nodes
Termination Point
Hardwire
d
18Networks Without Wires™
Example DesignExample Design
COMPETITOR• 63 Nodes• 7 Network Connections• 9:1 Ratio
STRIX• 63 Nodes• 1 Network Connection• 62:1
19Networks Without Wires™
Access/One Network OWS HardwareAccess/One Network OWS Hardware
20Networks Without Wires™
Access/One Network OWSAccess/One Network OWS
Multi-radio, multi-channel, multi-RF system
Hardened for all environments
Self-discovering, self-tuning, self-healing, high-performance mesh network
Secure, manageable, & scalable
Upgradeable to new technologies (WIMAX, 4.9)
IWS & OWS - Seamless
21Networks Without Wires™
Access/One Network OWS HardwareAccess/One Network OWS Hardware
Two Hardware Designs
Multiple Mounting Options
Power, antenna and data Protection
Modular - up to six 802.11 a/b/g Radios
Multiple external antennas
2400 Series
3600 Series
22Networks Without Wires™
• Each radio module supports up to 2 radios 1 “A”, 1 “B\G”
• Depending on chassis 2-6 radios• Depending on chassis support up to 6
antennas + 2 diversity• AC/DC Input• Ethernet port
OWS 2400-20OWS 2400-20
OWS 2400 Series
23Networks Without Wires™
Security ShieldSecurity Shield
Secure Transmission of all Data• Backhaul is all EAS 156bit encrypted• Hardware Acceleration for AES Mesh• Supports WEP, WPA, AES (TKIP)• Multiple security schemes per SSID
• Ex: Hidden SSID plus authentication for private and Open SSID for public access• Ex: No client to client access on one SSID while allowing it on another
Authentication and Authorization• Uses 802.1x standard• RADIUS Client Functionality Built-In• Supports Authentication Gateways & Radius Servers
Network Segmentation• 16 MAC Addresses per Radio with unique SSIDs• 802.1q support, 250 VLANs per radio
Security traverses with the user while roaming
Transparent support for VPN
Monitoring• Rogue Access Point Detection• Client-connect privacy (protects against broadcast storms and DoS attacks)
Minimum Better Best
AuthenticationMAC access control list
802.1x EAP802.1x EAP (TLS, TTLS, MD-5 or PEAP)
Encryption Static WEP Dynamic WEP, WPA, WPA-PSK Dynamic AES, AES (TKIP)
Requirements RADIUS server RADIUS server, AES NICs
Networks Without Wires™
Antennas?Antennas?
25Networks Without Wires™
Antenna OptionsAntenna Options
11g Antenna(s)11g Antenna(s)(Examples)(Examples)
11a Antenna(s)11a Antenna(s)(Examples)(Examples)
WiFi WiFi CoreCore
WirelessWireless
3 Sectors to create 360° Omni pattern14 dBi, Vertical polarization, 120 ° HBeam, 8° VBeam
2 Directional antennas for backhauls (SPPJ48)21 dBi, Vertical polarization , 12° HBeam, 16° VBeam
2 Omni directional antennas for AP (SPDJ120)9dBi, Vertical polarization, 11° VBeam
WiFi WiFi CoreCore
WiredWired
3 Sectors to create 360° Omni pattern14 dBi, Vertical polarization, 120 ° HBeam, 8° VBeam
3 Omni directional antennas for AP (SPDJ120)9dBi, Vertical polarization, 11° VBeam
WiFi WiFi EdgeEdge
2 Omni directional antennas (SPDG80)9dBi, Vertical polarization, 11° VBeam properly spaced
1 Directional antenna for backhaul (SPPJ48)21 dBi, Vertical, 12° HBeam, 16° VBeam
1 Omni directional antenna for AP (SPDJ120)9dBi, Vertical, 11° VBeam
WiFi WiFi AccessAccess
1 Omni directional , 5.5 dBi, 72° VBeam
1 Omni directional, 5.5 dBi, 72° VBeam
Strix provides a recommended list of antennas Strix provides a recommended list of antennas for usage in various scenariosfor usage in various scenarios
26Networks Without Wires™
AntennasAntennas
• 12 dBi Patch Antenna• Beam width: 25° Vertical, 65° Horizontal
• Pole Mount Kit available (Shown in photo)
• 6" X 13" X 1.25"
• 12 dBi 120° Sector Antenna• Beam width: 13° Vertical, 125° Horizontal• Approx. 5" X 21" X 5" • 0-20° Elevation Angle adjustment
27Networks Without Wires™
Coverage with Sectorized Antennas Vs OmniCoverage with Sectorized Antennas Vs Omni
Radio 1 Coverage Area
Radio 3Radio 2
Extend Extend the reachthe reach
120° coverage 120° coverage patternpattern
Single radios Single radios for each for each sectorsector
Standard Omni Standard Omni coverage coverage patternpattern
28Networks Without Wires™
NIC CardsNIC Cards
Receive strength great but still no access???
The wireless NIC may display a good signal but your wireless NIC may not have the power to transmit back to the Access Point.
Some wireless NIC drivers regulate transmit power in laptops.
Not all wireless NICs are created equal!
Networks Without Wires™
ManagementManagement
30Networks Without Wires™
Access/One Network OWSManagement and SecurityAccess/One Network OWSManagement and Security
Manager/One, Carrier Grade Management HTTP/HTTPS – GUITelnet/SSH – Command LineSNMP Reporting & TrapsSyslog supportSystem and device level management Virtual/Strix Systems, Priority/One
• Multi-service networks• Prioritized Traffic for end-to-
end QOS
Security, AES, Client level port blocking of all trafficLocate rogue access points
31Networks Without Wires™
Summary: Summary:
Covered Mesh TechnologyCurrent Radio technologyTempe & Wisconsin designsDifferences in radios How a multi-radio mesh functionsStrix overviewSecurityAntennasManagement
Networks Without Wires™
Thank You!Thank You!
Questions ??