Neue EMV-Richtlinie 2004/108/EG EMC in the jungle of ... 2014/3_4_Jungle... · EN 61439-1 (IEC...

1 EMV-Fachtagung swissT.meeting vom 21. Januar 2014 / Hauser Christoph

Neue EMV-Richtlinie 2004/108/EG EMC in the jungle of directives and standards Christoph Hauser Head of EMC laboratory Electrosuisse Fehraltorf


INHALT • EMC directive • Overview European directives related to EMC • Standards with EMC requirements

• Example: Medical devices • Example: Vehicles • Example: Low Voltage Directive • Example: Machinery directive • Examples of other directives

• Manufacturer requirements • Functional safety (EMC influences)

• Example: Laboratory equipment • Example: Household appliances

• EMF (Electromagnetic Fields) • Special requirements: Short Range Devices

EMC in the jungle of directives and standards


Definition of EMC

‘electromagnetic compatibility’ means the ability of equipment to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to other equipment in that environment.

§ EMC directive 2004/108/EC: Article 2 (1)(d)


EMC - directive

DIRECTIVE 2004/108/EC OF THE

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL

of 15 December 2004

on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility

and repealing Directive 89/336/EEC ........

The EMC directive 2004/108/EC is only applicable, if the product is not covered by another directive !

Therefore it has to be checked, if for the product another directive exists or if this partticular product is exempted.

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2004/l_390/l_39020041231en00240037.pdf

Unfortunately there exists no overview of all directives and standards with relation to EMC


Exemptions

• Equipment without electric or electronic component • Equipment which is inherently compliant

- Example: Immersion heater

• Exempted product families: - Aircraft - Aeronautical products - Radio equipment used by radio amateurs

• Equipment covered by other directives:

- see following next slides

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2012:321:0001:0020:EN:PDF

§ 2004/108/EC: Art. 1 (3)

§ 2004/108/EC: Art. 1 (2)

§ 2004/108/EC: Art. 1 (4)

§ Regulation 1592/2002

§ 2004/108/EC: Art. 1 (3)


European directives related to EMC (1)

http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/european-standards/harmonised-standards/

2004/108/EC Electromagnetic compatibility EMC Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit

2006/95/EC Low Voltage Directive LVD Niederspannungsrichtlinie

1999/5/EC Radio and telecommunications terminal equipment RTTE Runkanlagen und Telekommunikationseinrichtungen

93/42/EC Medical devices MDD Medizingeräte

98/79/EC In-vitro diagnostic medical devices IVD In vitro Diagnosegeräte

90/385/EC Active implantable medical devices AIMD AKtive Implantate


European directives related to EMC (2)

http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/european-standards/harmonised-standards/

2006/42/EC Machinery Directive MD Maschinen-Richtlinie

2004/22/EC Measuring instruments MID Messgeräte (Zähler)

2009/23/EC Non-automatic weighing NAWI Nichtselbsttätige Waagen

2008/57/EC Railway systems: interoperability Interoperabilität des Eisenbahnsystems

95/16/EC Lifts Lifte

2011/75/EC Marine equipment (1996/98/EC) Schiffsausrüstung


European directives related to EMC (3) 2004/104/EC Radio interference of vehicles Funkentstörung von Kraftfahrzeugen

97/24/EC Two or three-wheel motor vehicles (and quadricycles) (2009/108/EC) Zweiräder, Dreiräder

2009/64/EC Radio interference of tractors Funkentstörung von Traktoren

94/25/EC Recrational craft (2003/44/EC) Sportboote

Only indirect: EMC has to be fulfilled and a hazard by EMC phenomena must be possible:

94/9/EC Equipment for explosive athmospheres ATEX Geräte für explosionsgefährdete Bereiche

http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/automotive/documents/directives/index_en.htm


Example: Medical Devices Directive 93/42/EC

http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/european-standards/harmonised-standards/medical-devices/index_en.htm


Example: Medical Devices Directive 93/42/EC

The MDD is a so called „vertical“ directive, this means all requirements are covered and therefore also the EMC requirements.

The scope of the product family standard IEC/EN 60601-1-2 (listed under the MDD) covers nearly all medical products. This standard also defines, which EMC phenomena not have to be tested.

Some of the standards of 60601-2-x series demands additional requirements for the EMC test of special products, for example the test against the influence of a coagulation generator.


Example: Vehicles The directive 2004/104/EC (radio interference of vehicles) is one of a huge number of directives suitable to show compliance of vehicles.

This directive is unique, because it also contains the requirements for the EMC tests itself !

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2004:337:0013:0058:EN:PDF


Example: Vehicles The directives 2009/108/EC (two- or three wheel vehicles) and 2009/64/EC (radio inter-ference of tractors) have the identical structure.

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:1997L0024:20090907:EN:PDF http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:216:0001:0075:EN:PDF


Example Low-Voltage Directive (1)

The standards mentioned below are examples of harmonised standards with EMC content listed under the LVD as well as the EMC directive.


EN 50428 Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations Switches and related accessories for use in home and building electronic systems (HBES)

Very detailed informations for setup and direct links to 55014 und 55015

EN 61439-1 (IEC 61439-1)

Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies – Part 1: General rules

Annex J, requirements for environments A and B

EN 60669-2-1 (IEC 60669-2-1)

Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations Part 2-1: Particular requirements - Electronic switches

Detailed requirements and criteria




EN 60730-x (IEC 60730-x)

Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use Part 1: General requirements

Detailed requirements / Differences from EN to IEC

EN 61008/9 EN 61543 (IEC 61008/9) (IEC 61543)

Residual current operated circuit-breakers without/with integral over-current protection for household and similar uses (RCCB's/RCBOs). Part 1: General rules

Test specified with 0.3 and 1.25 * IN

EN 61131-2 (IEC 61131-2)

Programmable controllers - Part 2: Equipment requirements and tests

Detailed requirements for several zones




EN 50178 Electronic equipment for use in power installations

6.3: Link to Generic standards

EN 61058-1 (IEC 61058-1)

Switches for appliances Part 1: General requirements

Requirements similar to 60669-2-1

EN 61851-2x (IEC 61851-2x)

Electric vehicle conductive charging system

Clause 9 or 11: EMC-requirements

EN 62080 (IEC 62080)

Sound signalling devices for household and similar purposes

Clause 26: EMC-requirements

The standards mentioned below are examples of harmonised standards with EMC content listed under the LVD, but not under the EMC directive.


Example: EMC and machinery directive: EN 60204-1:2006 clause 4.4.2

• Equipment shall not generate electromagnetic disturbances above the limits (= emission)

• Equipment shall have a sufficient level of susceptibility against electromagnetic disturbances (= immunity)

• Links to Generic standards EN 61000-6-1 to EN 61000-6-4

• Links to some product standards (they take precedence !)

• Measures to limit generation of electromagnetic disturbances

• Measures to enhance the immunity against influences

• Link to EN 61000-5-2 (earthing / cabling)


Example: Product standard takes precedence This equipment is covered by the scope of the product-family standard EN 50370 (EMC of machine tools), listed under the EMC directive. Furthermore it is classified as apparatus, not as fixed installation.

According to the EMC directive and the product standard EN 50370 this is an apparatus, not a fixed installation, because the product is commercially available as a single functional unit and finally tested by the manufacturer.


Examples of other directives (1)

Document Directive

Standard with EMC content

98/79/EC IVD

In-vitro diagnostic medical devices

EN 61326-2-6 (EMC medical IVD equipment)

90/385/EC AIMD

Active implantable medical devices

EN 45502-2-x (Pacemakers, defillibrators)

2004/22/EC MID

Measuring instruments

EN 50470 (Electricity metering)

2009/23/EC NAWI

Non-automatic weighing instruments

EN 45501 (only immunity) (Metrological aspects of non-automatic weighing instruments)


Examples of other directives (2)

Document Directive Standard with EMC content

2008/57/EC Railway systems: interoperability

EN 50155 / 50121-x (Electronic equipment used on rolling stock)

95/16/EC Lifts

EN 12016 (EMC Product family standard for lifts, escalators and moving walks)

2011/75/EC Marine equipment EN 60945 / 62388 (Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems)

94/25/EC Recreational craft EN 60092-507 (Electrical installations in ships. Part 507: Pleasure craft)


Type approval Guideline 61000-4-13

Manufacturer requirements

60730-1 Testplan EMV

Approbation- rules EMC

Technical Specification Nr. 1110 039 – 01 Harmonics Flicker Emission Immunity

Many companies defined their own

standards, additional measurements or enhanced test levels to improve the product quality.

Enhanced EMC requirements Burst / Surge

Specification Standards EMC


Example Burst: Manufacturer requirements Manufacturer A: 2 kV (crit. A) / 4 kV (crit. B) / 2.5 kV no mains filter (crit. B) single coupling and common-mode Manufacturer B: 2 kV (crit. A) / 4 kV (crit. B) single coupling on supply ports, common-mode all other ports Manufacturer C: 1 kV (crit. A) / 2 kV (crit. B) / 4 kV (crit. C) Manufacturer D: 4 kV (crit. B) / 6 kV (crit. C) / 8 kV (crit. D) Manufacturer E: + 0.5 kV, giving 1.5 kV (crit. B) Manufacturer F: 2 kV (crit. B)

Requirement of standard:

EN 55014-1: ±1 kV L+N+PE EN 61000-6-2: ±2 kV L+N+PE

15 ms duration at 300 ms period

Criterion B


Functional safety (EMC influences)

§ for more precise definitions see EN 61511-1, clause 3.2.25 or EN 61326-3-1

Functional safety is part of the overall safety that depends on a system or equipment operating correctly in response to its inputs.

The functions of the EUT intended for safety applications may be disturbed temporarily or permanently if the EUT reacts in a way that defined state or states are maintained or achieved within a stated time ( fail-safe). Also, destruction is allowed.


Overview standards for functional safety (1)

IEC/EN 60335-1 clause 19.11.4

Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 1: General requirements

LVD

IEC/EN 61326-3-1 IEC/EN 61326-3-2

Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use – EMC requirements – Part 3-x: Immunity requirements for safety-related systems and for equipment intended to perform safety-related functions (Functional safety)

not yet listed in official journal, according to CENELEC „EMC related“

IEC/EN 61508-2

Functional safety of electrical / electronic / programmable electronic safety-related systems – Part 2: Requirements for electrical/electronic/ programmable electronic safety-related systems

Basic standard, not listed in OJ, has to be applied together with IEC/EN 61511 Hint: see also IEC/TS 61000-1-2


Overview standards for functional safety (2)

IEC/EN 61800-5-2 Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems – Part 5-2: Safety requirements - Functional

MD Procedure based on 61508-x, no explicit requirements

IEC/EN 62061 (annex E has been deleted in edition 2013, link to EN 61326-1)

Safety of machinery – Functional safety of safety-related electrical, electronic and programmable electronic control systems

MD Table E.1 contained test level and phenomena

IEC/EN 61496-1 Safety of machinery – Electro-sensitive protective equipment – Part 1: General requirements and tests

MD Clause 4.3.2 defines test levels for normal use and functional safety


Example 1: Laboratory equipment

• The product fulfills, if it remains safe unter EMC influences. In some cases, this also may be safe state, although the appliance is destroyed.

• EN 61326-3-1 and 61326-3-2 are applicable to show compliance for functional safety. Both standards are not yet listed in the OJ. • The procedure is based on the risk analysis and the determination of the electromagnetic environment according to EN 61508 und TS 61000-2-6.

To show compliance for functional safety typically the test levels are higher than required for industrial environment.


Example 2: Household appliances For a type approval of household appliances there are also requirements for funtional safety under EMC influences. (IEC/EN 60335-1, clause 19.11.4)

The appliance shall not undergo a dangerous malfunction, and there shall be no failure of protective electronic circuits if the appliance is still operable.

Appliances tested with an electronic switch in the off position, or in the stand-by mode, shall not become operational, or

if they become operational, not result in a dangerous malfunction during or after the tests of 19.11.4


Example 2: Test levels of EN 60335-1, 19.11.4 Test levels for appliances with stand-by or protective electronic circuits: IEC 61000-4-2 ESD 8 kV Contact, 15 kV air discharge IEC 61000-4-3 Radiated fields 10 V/m, 80 – 1000 MHz * IEC 61000-4-4 Burst 4 kV, 5 kHz on mains power supply IEC 61000-4-5 Surge 2 kV L-N / 4 kV L-PE and N-PE ** IEC 61000-4-6 Injected currents 10 V, 0.15 – 80 MHz IEC 61000-4-11 Dips & interruptions 0%-10 ms, 0%-20 ms, 40%-200 ms 70%-500 ms, 80%-5 s IEC 61000-4-13 Harmonics Class 2: 16 – 2000 Hz, 3 – 21 V 19.11.4.8 Cut-off voltage Switching level -10% for 60 s * Edition 2006 of 61000-4-3: extended frequency range 1400 – 6000 MHz Edition 5 of 60335-1: frequency range defined with 80 – 1000 MHz and 1400 – 2000 MHz ** Surge protective devices disconnected / Earthed heating elements disconnected if class 1


EMF (ElectroMagnetic Fields)

§ See also council recommendation 1999/519/EC

EMF is the ability of a device, equipment or system to work satisfactorily in its environment without causing interferences that would be unacceptable to all living organisms in this environment. It therefore includes thermal and nonthermal effects of electromagnetic fields on biological systems.


Harmonised standards EMF

Several harmonised standards for EMF have been listed in the Official Journal (OJ) under the Low-Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC: Some examples:


The physical base is the same for EMF and EMC. In some cases the same measurement equipment is used or EMC emission or measurement results s are used also to show compliance for EMF.

Standard Scope

EN 62233:2008 Household appliances (and tools, also commercial) EN 62311:2008 Basic standard EN 62479:2010 Low power equipment (< 20 mW) EN 62493:2010 Lighting equipment


Example: Household appliances EN 62233

» Scope: household appliances, toys and portable tools

» Excluded: personal computers, audio/video equipment, installations

» Measurement of magnetic flux density in the frequency range 10 Hz to 400 kHz against reference values of recommendation 1999/519/EG

» A transfer function compensates the frequency response of the organism

» Microwave ovens have to fulfill additional standards. For induction hobs, special test conditions are applied.

» The electric field has only to be measured, if there are voltages above 1 kV

» Typical measuring distance (distance of use): 0 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm


Reference values (Recommendation 1999/519/EC)

Frequency range E-field

strength (V/m)

H-field strength

(A/m)

B-field (µT)

Equivalent plane wave power density

Seq(W/m2)

0 – 1 Hz – 32 000 40 000 –

1 – 8 Hz 10 000 32 000 / f 2 40 000 / f 2 –

8 – 25 Hz 10 000 4000 / f 5 000 / f –

25 – 800 Hz 250 000 / f 4000 / f 5 000 / f –

0.8 – 3 kHz 250 / f 5 6.25 –

3 – 150 kHz 87 5 6.25 –

0.15 – 1 MHz 87 0.73 / f 0.92 / f –

1 – 10 MHz 87/ f1/ 2 0.73 / f 0.92 / f –

10 – 400 MHz 28 0.073 0.092 2

400 – 2000 MHz 1,375 f1/ 2 0.037 f 1/ 2 0,0046 f 1/ 2 f / 200

2– 300 GHz 61 0.16 0.20 10

covered by IEC/EN 62233:

10 Hz – 400 kHz


Special requirements: Short range devices

• If you integrate a Short Range Device (SRD), for example WLAN, Bluetooth, ZigBee, RFID reader etc., an appliance mutates to a telecommunication product. Therefore it falls under the R&TTE directive 1999/5/EC and has also to fulfill ETSI standards.

• For the radio spectrum matters of such a SRD, the appropriate ETSI standards are applied to show conformity of the radiator: (e.g. ETSI EN 300 220, 300 328, 300 330, 300 440)

• Hints: Use of global recognized ISM frequencies, use of standardized modules, no change of antenna, bothering suppliers to get certificates and/or test reports (which covers the radio spectrum matters)

• The immunity of the complete system is tested under consideration of the appropriate standard ETSI EN 301 489 – x.


Referenzen

•SCHWEIZERISCHER ZERTIFIZIERUNGSDIENST •SERVICE SUISSE DE CERTIFICATION •SERVIZIO SVIZZERO DI CERTIFICAZIONE •SWISS CERTIFICATION SERVICE

•S •CE •S

Akkreditierungen

•SCHWEIZERISCHER INSPEKTIONSDIENST •SERVICE SUISSE D’INSPECTION •SERVIZIO SVIZZERO D’INSPEZIONE •SWISS INSPECTION SERVICE

•S •I •S

STS001

SIS 026

•SCHWEIZERISCHER PRÜFSTELLENDIENST •SERVICE SUISSE D’INSPECTION •SERVIZIO SVIZZERO D’INSPEZIONE •SWISS TESTING SERVICE

SCES 035

•S •T •S

Netzwerk

http://www.iecee.org/cbscheme/default.htm

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