Neuro Science 1 Module Study Guide

NEURO SCIENCE 1

MODULE

STUDY GUIDE KGMC

This Study guide of the module/course outlines

the key components and areas for the

facilitation of the students.

Department of Medical Education

1

Contents

Vision and Mission of KGMC ................................................................................................................................................................................................

Khyber Medical University: Vision .......................................................................................................................................................................................

Khyber Girls Medical College: Vision ...................................................................................................................................................................................

Khyber Girls Medical College: Mission ................................................................................................................................................................................

Curriculum Committee KGMC ..............................................................................................................................................................................................

Module committee ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................

Integrated curriculum: .........................................................................................................................................................................................................

Outcomes of the curriculum: ...............................................................................................................................................................................................

KNOWLEDGE .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................

PSYCH OMOTOR ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................

AFFECTIVE .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Introduction to the Course/Module .....................................................................................................................................................................................

General Learning Outcomes of the Module/Course ............................................................................................................................................................

Theme 1 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Specific learning objectives of the theme 1 ..........................................................................................................................................................................

Theme 2 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Theme 3 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Specific learning objectives of the theme 3 ..........................................................................................................................................................................

Theme 4 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Theme 5 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Teaching and learning strategies: .........................................................................................................................................................................................

Time tables: ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2

Assessment tools: .................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Internal Evaluation: ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................

Attendance Requirement: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................

Learning resources: ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................

3

Vision and Mission of KGMC

Khyber Medical University: Vision

Khyber Medical University will be the global leader in health sciences

academics and research for efficient and compassionate health care.

Khyber Girls Medical College: Vision

Khyber Girls Medical College will promote health care leaders that are critical thinker,

ethical, research oriented, culturally and professionally competent

Khyber Girls Medical College: Mission

To develop competent health care leaders by ensuring appropriate policies,

procedures which reflect ethical, cultural, community orientated and evidence based

practices to achieve best possible health outcomes for society at large.

4

Curriculum Committee KGMC

Chair:

Professor Dr. Muhammad Noor Wazir, Dean KGMC.

Co-Chair:

Dr. Sabina Aziz, Associate Dean KGMC.

Clinical Sciences:

• Dr. Said Amin Department of Medicine KGMC/HMC.

• Dr. Sofia Iqbal, Department of Ophthalmology KGMC/HMC.

• Dr. Ghareeb Nawaz Department of ENT KGMC/HMC.

• Dr. Bushra Rauf Department of Gynae KGMC/HMC.

• Dr. Jamshed Alam Department of Surgery KGMC/HMC.

• Dr. Ambreen Ahmad, Department of Pediatrics KGMC/HMC.

• Dr. Ain-ul-Hadi Department of Surgery KGMC/HMC.

• Dr. Fawad Rahim Department of Medicine KGMC/HMC.

Behavioral Sciences:

• Dr. Ameer Abbas Department of Psychiatry KGMC/HMC.

Medical Education

• Dr. Naheed Mahsood, Department of Medical Education, KGMC.

• Dr. Naveed Afzal Khan, Department of Medical Education, KGMC.

5

Basic Sciences:

• Dr. Khalid Javed Department of Pathology, KGMC.

• Dr. Zubia Shah Department of Physiology, KGMC.

• Dr. Amin-ul-Haq Department of Biochemistry, KGMC.

• Dr. Naheed Siddique Department of Forensic Medicine, KGMC.

• Dr. Shams Suleman Department of Pharmacology, KGMC.

• Dr. Raheela Amin Department of Community Medicine, KGMC.

• Dr. Shahab-ud-Din, Department of Anatomy, KGMC.

6

Module committee

Neuroscience-I 1. Dr. Shahab ud Din Associate Professor Department of Anatomy...Module Coordinator 2. Dr. Naheed Mehsood Assistant Professor DME .................Module Secretory: 3. Dr. Naveed Afzal Khan Coordinator DME ............................Module Secretory 4. Dr. Shams Suleman Associate Admin…………………………….………Member: 5. Dr. Raheela Amin Professor Department of Community Medicine………...Member 6. Dr. Khalid Javed Professor Department of Pathology…………………… Member 7. Dr. Nabila Sher Associate Professor Department of Biochemistry…Module Coordinator 8. Dr. Said Amin Associate Professor Department of Medicine…………Member 9. Dr. Zubia Shah Assistant Professor Department of Physiology………... Member 10. Dr. Zahid Sarfaraz Assistant Professor Department of Anatomy………... Member 11. Dr. Ayesha Jamil Assistant Professor Department of Pharmacology…..Member 12. Dr. M. Zia ul Haq Assistant Professor Department of Surgical A ………Member 13. Dr. Rizwanullah Khattak Assistant Professor Department of Surgical B ….Member 14. Dr. Ameer Abbas Assistant Professor Department of Behavioral Sciences…Member 15. Dr. Afsheen Mehmood Assistant Professor Department of Physiology…….........Member 16. Dr. Shahid Ayub Assistant Professor Department of Neurosurgery…………….Member 17. Dr. Salma Akbar Principal Demonstrator Department of Community Medicine..Member 18. Dr. Naila Anjum Senior Lecturer Department of Pharmacology………….Member 19. Dr. Gulnaz begun Senior Lecturer Department of Biochemistry…………. Member 20. Dr. Asad Jahangir Senior Lecturer Department of Forensic Medicine………….Member 21. Dr onaiza nasim lecturer DME …………………………..Member 22. Miss. Noor Fatima Student of Final Year…………………………………Member 23. Miss. Soaiba Naeem Student of Final Year…………………………………Member

7

Integrated curriculum:

An integrated curriculum is all about making connections, whether to real life or across the disciplines, about skills or about

knowledge. An integrated curriculum fuses subject areas, experiences, and real-life knowledge together to make a more fulfilling and

tangible learning environment for students. Integrated teaching means that subjects are presented as a meaningful whole. Students

will be able to have better understanding of basic sciences when they repeatedly learn in relation to clinical examples. Case based

discussions, computer-based assignments, early exposure to clinics, wards, and skills acquisition in skills lab are characteristics of

integrated teaching program.

Outcomes of the curriculum: The outcomes of the curriculum of MBBS According to the PMDC are as follows

• Knowledgeable

• Skilful

• Community Heath Promoter

• Problem-solver

• Professional

• Researcher

• Leader and Role Model

KNOWLEDGE

By the end of five year MBBS program the KGMC student should be able to;

1. Acquire a high level of clinical proficiency in history taking, physical examination, differential diagnosis, and the effective use of

medicine’s evolving diagnostic and procedural capabilities including therapeutic and palliative modalities

2. Manage the common prevalent diseases in community

3. Identify the common medical emergencies

4. Develop plan for prevention of common community diseases

5. Formulate a referral plan

6. Compose a prescription plan

PSYCH OMOTOR By the end of five year MBBS program the KGMC student should be able to;

1. Demonstrate the ability to perform the disease specific relevant examination

2. Respond to common medical emergencies

3. Master the skill of first aid

4. Perform BLS

1

5. Apply the best evidenced practices for local health problems

AFFECTIVE By the end of five year MBBS program the KGMC student should be able to

1. Relate to patient and careers vulnerability

2. Demonstrate ethical self-management

3. Counsel and educate patients and their families to empower them to participate in their care and enable shared decision-

making.

4. Display compassion with patient and colleagues

5. Demonstrate in clinical care an understanding of the impact of psychological, social, and economic factors on human health and

disease

2

Introduction to the Course/Module

This is neuroscience module aimed at learning different areas of brain and its working, along with

different pathologies associated with it.

Neuroscience describes the scientific study of the mechanics of the central nervous system such as its

structure, function, genetics and physiology as well as how this can be applied to understand diseases

of the nervous system.

The outline of the module is under

1) Numbness and tingling 1 week

2) Paraplegia 1 week

3) Syncope 1 week

4) Hemiplegia / Aphasia 1 week

5) Tremors 1 week

6) Headache 1 week

3

General Learning Outcomes of the Module/Course By the end of this module the students should be able to;

Knowledge

1) Explain the gross and microscopic structural and functional features of peripheral nerves, spinal cord and brain.

2) Describe the development of forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain

3) Describe the basic functions of synapses, neurotransmitters and mechanisms of electrical events during neuronal excitation

4) Explain the structure and functions of different receptors during neuronal excitation

5) Describe the mechanisms and pathways of sensory inputs in the nervous system

6) Explain the organization, structure, functions, and neurotransmitters of autonomic nervous system

7) Describe the blood supply and venous drainage of brain and spinal cord

8) Describe the organization, structure and functions of motor system of the brain and spinal cord.

9) Describe the functions of limbic system and reticular activating system

10) Describe the pathophysiology and prevention of common diseases like stroke, epilepsy, hydrocephalus and brain injuries.

Skills

1) Identify the microscopic structure of spinal cord, cerebral and cerebellar cortex

2) Examine nervous system of a standardized patient (sensations, motor functions, and higher cortical functions and tendon

reflexes).

Attitude

4

1. Demonstrate campassion and care for patients while performing the nervous system examination

2. Demonstrate the team work while working in the hospital envoirment.

3. Show good communication skills while performing tasks.

5

Theme 1

Numbness and Tingling

Numbness or tingling is an unpleasant sensation in which there is reduced or absent feeling in the skin or a "pins and needles" sensation. The most common reason for numbness or tingling is a problem with nerve function, either because the nerve itself is injured, something is pressing on the nerve, or an imbalance in the body's chemistry interferes with nerve function. Most causes are not dangerous, but when muscle weakness or paralysis is also present, numbness and tingling should be treated as an emergency. Everyone experiences numbness, tingling, or a burning sensation on occasion. You probably have felt it when you stood up after sitting in one position for a long time. Usually it resolves within minutes

In some cases, feelings of numbness and tingling or burning can indicate a serious injury or medical condition. many pathologies are associated with this theme. Seek urgent care if any of these symptoms are present:

• a back, neck, or head injury

• inability to walk or move

• loss of consciousness, even if only for a short time

• feelings of confusion or trouble thinking clearly

• slurred speech

• vision problems

• feelings of weakness or severe pain

• losing control of your bowels or bladder

6

Specific learning objectives of the theme 1

Topic

Learning objectives MIT Assessment strategy

Gross Anatomy overview of nervous system

Describe general features of neurons and its classification. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ,OSPE

Differentiate between central and peripheral nervous system INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ,OSPE

Describe the general features of brain(forebrain,midbrain and hindbrain)

INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ,OSPE

Describe the general features of spinal cord including its enlargements at different levels


MCQ,OSPE

Describe the general features of cranial and spinal nerves INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ,OSPE

Differentiate between different anatomical aspects of sympathetic and parasympathetic system


Embryology

7

forebrain, midbrain,hindbrain

Describe the development of primary and secondary brain vesicles INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ,OSPE

Enlist the derivates of the brain vesicles. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ,OSPE

Describe the development of prosencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon


MCQ,OSPE

Discuss congenital anomalies associated with each region of brain. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ,OSPE

Physiology

(organization of the nervous system)

Describe general design of the nervous system INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe various divisions of the nervous system INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe the structional unit of nervous system INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe Functional components of Neuron. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

8

Describe Functional and Structural classification of Neurons INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe major levels of central

nervous system function


MCQ

Describe Glial cells and their functions. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Compare nervous system to a computer INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Basic Functions of Synapses Define and classify synapses INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Explain physiological structure of synapse INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe Mechanism by Which an Action Potential Causes

Transmitter Release from the Presynaptic Terminals


MCQ

Describe synaptic transmission and explain properties of synaptic

transmission.


MCQ

Describe mechanism of action of neurotransmitter on the post

synaptic membrane.

INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9

MCQ

9

EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

Describe Second messenger system in the post synaptic neuron INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Functions of

neurotransmitters

Define the characteristics of a neurotransmitter INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Enumerate the neurotransmitters involved in central nervous

system.


MCQ

Classify neurotransmitters and describe the actions of some

common neurotransmitters in central nervous system.


MCQ

Electrical events during

neuronal excitation/inhibition

Describe resting membrane potential of the neuronal soma. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe Effect of Synaptic Excitation on the Postsynaptic

Membrane—Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential.


MCQ

Describe Effect of Inhibitory Synapses on the Postsynaptic

Membrane—Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential.


MCQ

Describe Generation of Action Potentials in the Initial Segment of

the Axon Leaving the Neuron—Threshold for Excitation


MCQ

10

Sensory receptors Define and classify receptors. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Classify receptors according to their location in the body. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe specific functions of receptors. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe Receptor or generation potential INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Discuss mechanism of action of sensory transduction. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Coding of the sensory

information

Describe Doctrine of specific nerve energies INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe Modality of Sensation—The “Labeled Line Principle” INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Define and discuss law of projection INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Discuss properties of stimulus; modality, Stimulus location Stimulus

intensity Stimulus duration

INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9

MCQ

11


Describe Frequency of action potentials with threshold level of

receptor potential


MCQ

Transmission and Processing

of Signals in CNS

Describe Relaying of signals through

Neuronal pools; Divergence, Convergence, Prolongation of Signals


MCQ

Types of nerve fibers, its

regenerationand

degeneration

Describe the mechanism of degeneration & regeneration. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe the duration required for regeneration inside & out of

CNS.


MCQ

Enumerate the causes of degeneration. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Discuss Wallerian degeneration INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Identify the microscopic appearance of degenerating neurons INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Somatic sensations Describe Tactile receptors in the skin and their functions: Pacinian

corpuscles, Meissner’s corpuscles, Ruffini endings, Merkle cell, A-

delta and C free nerve endings


MCQ

12

Transmission in the Dorsal

column–medial

Lemniscal system

Describe ascending pathways and enumerate the differences

between the two.


MCQ

Describe Transmission in the Dorsal column–medial Lemniscal

system


MCQ

Describe Spatial Orientation of the Nerve

Fibers in the Dorsal Column–Medial

Lemniscal System


MCQ

Describe two-point discrimination INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Somatosensory cortex Identify the diagrammatic representation of different areas of the

body in the somatosensory cortex I


MCQ

Identify Broadman’s areas of cerebral cortex and correlate each

one of them with their respective functions.


MCQ

Describe the functions of somatosensory area I. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe layers of the somatosensory cortex and their function. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe the functions of somatosensory association area INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9

MCQ

13


Transmission of

Sensory signals in the

Anterolateral pathway

Differentiate the submodalities of nondiscriminative touch,

temperature and nociception based on receptor transduction

mechanism, localization within the spinal gray matter, and central

termination of the pathways.


MCQ

Describe functional organization at all levels and sub-modalities

served by the anterolateral system and the equivalent components

of the spinal trigeminal system.


MCQ

BIOCHEMISTRY

Neurotransmitters

Explain the biosynthesis of different neurotransmitters INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Brain and nervous tissue

metabolism

Describe the metabolism of brain and nervous tissues INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

GENERAL MEDICINE

Describe the etiology and types of peripheral neuropathies INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Peripheral Neuropathies Discuss the clinical presentation and complications of diabetic

neuropathies


MCQ

Skill and Affective domain

14

HISTOLOGY

Transverse section of spinal

cord (cervical level) -1

Identify the slide of transverse section of cervical spinal cord under

the microscope

PRACTICAL/DEMO MCQ,OSPE

PHYSIOLOGY

Examination of sensations

Examine the sensations (tactile, position, pain, thermal, vibration)

of lower limb on a standardized patient


15

Theme 2

it is impairment in motor or sensory function of the extremeties.it is usually caused by spinal cord injury or a congenital condition that

affects the neural elements of the spinal cord.it is sometimes referred to as partial paralysis in which function is impeded from waist

down. Most people with paraplegia have perfectly healthy legs ,the main problem lies in brain or spinal cord, which cannot receive or

send signals.

Paraplegia

16


Topic


Gross Anatomy

Externals features of

Spinal Cord

Describe the shape, grooves and sulci and extension of spinal cord


MCQ,OSPE

Enlist the segments of spinal cord INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ,OSPE

Differentiate between white and grey matter of spinal cord INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ,OSPE

Describe the meningeal covering of spinal cord INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ,OSPE

Describe the blood supply of spinal cord INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ,OSPE

Grey Matter of Spinal Cord Describe the distribution of spinal cord into horns INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ,OSPE

Differentiate between anterior, lateral and posterior horns INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9

MCQ,OSPE

17


Describe the distribution of sensory and motor neuron within the

grey matter


MCQ,OSPE

Explain formation of Rexed lamina of spinal cord INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ,OSPE

White matter of spinal

cord

Enumerate the ascending tracts INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ,OSPE

Explain the origin, pathway and termination of dorsal column

medial lemniscal system


MCQ,OSPE

Explain the origin, pathway

and termination of anterolateral spinothalamic tract.


MCQ,OSPE

Enumerate the descending tracts INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ,OSPE

Explain the origin, pathway and termination of pyramidal tracts INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ,OSPE

Explain the origin, pathway and termination of extrapyramidal

tracts


MCQ,OSPE

18

Differentiate between pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ,OSPE

Embryology

Spinal cord Discuss the development of alar and basal plate and its derivatives INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ,OSPE

Histology

Spinal cord Identify the light microscopic transverse section of spinal cord at

cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral regions


MCQ,OSPE

Draw and label the transverse section of spinal cord at different

levels


MCQ,OSPE

Physiology

Introduction to Motor

Nervous System (General

Principles)

Describe organization of the spinal cord

for motor functions


MCQ

Give an overview of the components of nervous system involved in

motor control


MCQ

Identify and differentiate upper and lower motor neurons INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9

MCQ

19


Describe the types of anterior horn cells INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe the concept of Final Common Path INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe broad types of motor activities INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Motor functions of Spinal

cord I:

Stretch Reflex

Describe structural organization of the muscle spindle INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Define a reflex action and enlist components of reflex arc. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe types of reflexes and their level of integration. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe Stretch Reflex INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Differentiate between Static (Tonic) and Dynamic (Phasic) stretch

reflex


MCQ

20

Describe Functions of muscle spindle INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Discuss physiological significance of these reflexes. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe Functions of Gamma efferent system INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe the role of the muscle spindle in

voluntary motor activity


MCQ

Motor functions of Spinal

cord II:

Golgi Tendon Reflex,

Withdrawal Reflexes

Describe Golgi Tendon Reflex INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Differentiate between muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organ. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe types of polysynaptic reflexes and their level of

integration.


MCQ

Discuss physiological significance of these reflexes. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe reciprocal inhibition and INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9

MCQ

21

reciprocal innervation EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

Support of the body

against gravity,

Reflexes of Posture And

Locomotion

Describe Positive Supportive Reaction INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe Cord “Righting” Reflexes. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe stepping and walking movements INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe Excitatory-Inhibitory Antagonism

Between Pontine and Medullary Reticular Nuclei


MCQ

Vestibular Sensations and

Maintenance of

Equilibrium

Describe the physiologic anatomy of vestibular apparatus INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe function of the utricle and

saccule in the maintenance of static equilibrium


MCQ

Describe function of semicircular ducts INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe Neuronal Connections of the Vestibular Apparatus INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

22

Describe Vestibular mechanism for stabilizing the eyes INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Lesions of the Spinal Cord:

Upper and Lower Motor

Neuron lesion

Define muscle tone and describe its significance. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Explain the sequence of events during development of muscle

tone.


MCQ

Discuss spinal shock INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Differentiate between signs of the upper and lower motor

neurons.


MCQ

General medicine

Hemi-section of spinal

cord

Describe the clinical features of Brown Sequard syndrome INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe the etiology, clinical features, investigations and

management of a patient with paraplegia.


MCQ

Skill and affective domain

HISTOLOGY Transverse section of

thoracic segment of spinal

Identify the slide of transverse section of thoracic segments of

spinal cord under the microscope


23

cord-2

PHYSIOLOGY

Examination of deep

tendon reflexes-1.

Examine a standardized patient for deep tendon reflexes of lower

limbs


24

Theme 3

Syncope is temporary loss of consciousness usually related to insufficient blood flow to the brain.it most often occurs when

blood pressure is too low(hypotension) and the heart doesn’t pump enough oxygen to the brain.it can be benign or symptom of

an underlying medical condition. There are many types of syncope

• vasovagal syncope

• situational syncope

• postural syncope

• neurologic syncope

• postural tachycardia syndrome

• unknown syncope

syncope

25


Topic


Gross Anatomy

Medulla Enlist the components of brain stem LGF/INTEARCTIVE MCQ,OSPE

Describe the external features of brainstem INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ,OSPE

Describe the transverse section of medulla at the level of sensory

decussation, motor decussation and inferior Olivary nuclei

LGF/INTEARCTIVE MCQ,OSPE

Enumerate the cranial nerves nuclei present within the medulla INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ,OSPE

Pons Describe the transverse section of pons at the level of cranial and

caudal parts


Enumerate the cranial nerves nuclei present within the pons INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ,OSPE

Midbrain Describe the transverse section of pons at the level of superior

colliculus and inferior colliculus


Enumerate the cranial nerves nuclei present within the midbrain INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ,OSPE

PHYSIOLOGY

26

Involuntary function of

brain

Describe the involuntary functions of the brain

LGF/INTEARCTIVE MCQ

Functions of reticular

activating system

Describe the structure and functions of RAS INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Coma and brain death LGF/INTEARCTIVE MCQ

The Autonomic Nervous

System 1

Describe the differences in the locations, level and organization of

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.

LGF/INTEARCTIVE MCQ

Identify the target organs of sympathetic and parasympathetic

nervous system.


MCQ

Describe the distribution of afferent and efferent sympathetic and

parasympathetic fibers to their respective target organs.

LGF/INTEARCTIVE MCQ

Contrast the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the

autonomic nervous system based on: spinal cord division of origin,

length of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons,

neurotransmitters and receptors at the ganglionic and target organ

synapse.


MCQ

The Autonomic Nervous

System 2

Discuss basic characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic

functions

LGF/INTEARCTIVE MCQ

Describe receptors on the effector organs INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe function of the adrenal medullae LGF/INTEARCTIVE MCQ

Describe sympathetic and parasympathetic “tone” INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9

MCQ

27


Describe “alarm” or “stress” response of

the sympathetic nervous system

LGF/INTEARCTIVE MCQ

Drugs acting on

sympathetic nervous

system

Enlist the drugs acting on SNS and describe their mechanism of

actions


MCQ

Drugs acting on

parasympathetic nervous

system

Enlist the drugs acting on PNS and describe their mechanism of

action

LGF/INTEARCTIVE MCQ

Forensic Medicine

Brain death

Certify brain death LGF/INTEARCTIVE MCQ

Describe the medico legal importance of brain death INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ


Histology

Transverse section of

lumbar spinal cord-3

Identify the slide of transverse section of Lumbar segment of spinal

cord under the microscope

PRACTICAL/DEMO OSPE,MCQ

Physiology

Examination of deep

Examine a standardized patient for upper limbs tendon reflexes PRACTICAL/DEMO OSPE,MCQ

28

tendon reflexes-2

29

Theme 4

Hemiplegia is paralysis of one side of the body ,it can be muscles of the face,arm or legs on one side of the body.the most

common cause of hemiplegia is stroke,which damages the corticospinal tracts in one hemisphere of the brain…other causes

may include trauma such as

• spinal cord injury,

• brain tumour and

• brain infections.

Hemiplegia

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Topic


Gross Anatomy

Cerebrum

• Grey matter of

cerebrum

• White matter of

• cerebrum

Division of cerebrum into different lobes, its surfaces, sulci and gyri

DISSECTION/DEMO

MCQ,OSPE

Distribution of grey matter in cerebral hemispheres

DISSECTION/DEMO MCQ,OSPE

Enumerate the types of white matter fibers DISSECTION/DEMO MCQ,OSPE

Differentiate between association, projection and commissural

fibers


Detailed account of corpus callosum DISSECTION/DEMO MCQ,OSPE

Diencephalon Structure and important nuclei of Thalamus and Hypothalamus DISSECTION/DEMO MCQ,OSPE

Blood supply of brain Describe the formation of circle of Willis MCQ,OSPE

Histology

Cerebral cortex

Identify the cerebral cortex on light microscope DISSECTION/DEMO MCQ,OSPE

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Enlist the different histological layers of cerebral cortex DISSECTION/DEMO MCQ,OSPE

Physiology

Cortical Control of Motor

Functions

Describe Motor Functions of Specific Cortical Areas INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe transmission of signal from the motor cortex to the

muscles. (Pyramidal and extrapyramidal).


MCQ

Explain the excitation of the spinal cord motor control areas by the

primary motor cortex and red nucleus.


MCQ

Functions of Descending

Tracts

Describe the functions of Descending Tracts INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe Decerebrate and Decorticate Rigidity INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Community Medicine INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

Risk factors of

cerebrovascular diseases

Describe risk factors for the development of cerebrovascular

diseases


MCQ

Explain the strategies to prevent cerebrovascular diseases INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9

MCQ

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General medicine

Stroke

Differentiate between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe the etiology, clinical features, investigations and

prevention of stroke


MCQ


Histology

Cerebral cortex

Identify the histological layers of cerebral cortex under the

microscope


Physiology

Examination of motor

functions of brain and

spinal cord

Examine a standardized patient for power, tone and movements of

upper and lower limbs, speech, memory and other higher cortical

functions


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Theme 5

It is involuntary,rhythmic muscle contraction leading to shaking movements in one or more parts of the body.it is common movement disorder that most often affects the hands but can also occur in the arms,head.vocal cords,torso and legs.tremors may be intermittent or constant.it can occur sporadically or happen as result of another disorder.it is not life threatening ,however it can be embarrsing and even disabling making it difficult or even impossible to perform work and daily life tasks.

Tremors

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SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES THEME 5

Topic


Gross Anatomy

Basal nuclei

Enumerate the components of basal nuclei

Describe the structure and relation of corpus striatum, red nucleus and

substantia nigra


Cerebellum Describe the general features of cerebellum DISSECTION/DEMO MCQ,OSPE

Name the lobes of cerebellum and discuss its anatomical and

physiological classification


Enumerate the intracerebellar nuclei of cerebellum DISSECTION/DEMO MCQ,OSPE

Describe the input and output of cerebellum


HISTOLOGY

cerebellum

Identify the cerebellar cortex on light microscope PRACTICAL/DEMO MCQ,OSPE

Enlist the different histological layers of cerebellar cortex PRACTICAL/DEMO MCQ,OSPE

PHYSIOLOGY

Cerebellum I:

Basic Circuit and

Connections

Describe the divisions of cerebellum into 3 lobes and their connections.


MCQ

Describe Interconnections of neurons of cerebellar cortex INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9

MCQ

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Describe Cerebellar afferent fibers INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe Cerebellar efferent fibers INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe the functional circuits of cerebellum INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Cerebellum II: Functions

and Disorders

Explain the functional differences between vermis and cerebellar

hemispheres.


MCQ

Describe Functions of vestibulocerebellum INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe Functions of spinocerebellum INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe Functions of cerebrocerebellum INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe the clinical abnormalities of cerebellum INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

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Basal Ganglia I:

Pathways and

connections

Describe the anatomical and physiological classification of basal

ganglia.


MCQ

Describe the functional circuits of basal ganglia. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe connections of putamen circuit. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe connections of caudate circuit. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Enlist the differences between direct and indirect pathways INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Basal Ganglia II:

Functions and Diseases

Describe functions of putamen circuit. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe functions of caudate circuit. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Explain the clinical problems related to basal ganglia INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

BIOCHEMISTRY

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Phosphosphingolipids Describe the metabolism of phosphosphingo lipids INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

PHARMACOLOGY

Drugs used in

Parkinson’s disease

Describe the groups of drugs used in Parkinson`s disease and their

mechanism of actions

LGF/INTEARCTIVE MCQ

Medicine

Parkinson`s disease

Describe the pathology, clinical features and treatment of Parkinson`s

disease


MCQ

Differentiate between cerebellar and parkinsonian tremors INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Skills and Affective Domain

Histology

Cerebellar cortex

Identify the histological layers of cerebellar cortex under the

microscope

PRACTICAL/SGD MCQ,OSPE

Physiology

Examination of

cerebellum

Illicit cerebellar signs in a standardized patient PRCTICAL/SGD MCQ,OSPE

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Theme 6

Headaches are pain in any region of the head,the cause ,duration,intensity of this pain can vary according to the type of

headache.nearly everyone experiences some sort of headache ,but it usually subsides on its own or help of painkiller.in some cases it

may require medical attention, there are primary and secondary causes of headache

Headaches

39

Topic


Gross Anatomy

Dural venous sinus

Differentiate between paired and unpaired venous sinuses

Discuss the structure and drainage of individual venous sinuses


MCQ,OSPE,

CSF in ventricular

system

Discuss the structure of choroidal plexus and the formation of

CSF in ventricles


MCQ,OSPE

Physiology

Pain Sensation

Pathways

Describe pain receptors and type of stimuli causing pain. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe types of pain. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Explain in detail the pathway for pain. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Pain suppression

(analgesia)

System in the brain and

Define analgesia MCQ

40

Spinal cord

Explain pain suppression system in the brain and spinal cord. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe Gate control theory and Brain Opiate system INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe clinical abnormalities of pain:

Primary and Secondary Hyperalgesia


MCQ

Headache,

Referred Pain

Define referred pain and describe its mechanism. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe the clinical significance of referred pain with

examples.


MCQ

Enumerate the causes of referred pain. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Enlist the causes of intra-cranial and extra-cranial headache

and correlate with the underlying mechanism of pain.


MCQ

Thermal Sensations Describe thermal receptors and their excitation INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

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Describe mechanism of stimulation of thermal receptors INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe transmission of thermal signals

in the nervous system


MCQ

Functions of Specific

Cortical Areas (Concept

of Dominant

Hemisphere)

Name the association areas of brain. Briefly describe their

location and function?


MCQ

Draw the diagram of cerebral cortex to show the different

functional areas


MCQ

Language and Speech Define and classify speech INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe how the brain performs the function of speech. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe Broca’s area in the brain, and its function. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe wernicke’s area in the brain, and its function. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe the speech pathways for perceiving a heard word and INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9

MCQ

42

then speaking the same word & perceiving a written word and

repeating it and correlate it with their clinical significance


Describe the effects of damage to broca’s area and wernicke’s

area


MCQ

Describe disorders related to speech. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Learning and Memory Define and classify memory and explain its basic mechanism. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe the mechanism of synaptic facilitation and synaptic

inhibition


MCQ

Describe consolidation of memory, and briefly describe one of

its most important features.


MCQ

Describe Codifying of new memories INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Role of specific parts of the brain in the memory process INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Explain disorders related to memory. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

43

Activating-Driving

Systems of the Brain

Describe bulboreticular facilitatory area.

Explain continuous stimulation from lower brain by four

neurohormonal systems.


MCQ

Explain continuous stimulation from lower brain by four

neurohormonal systems.


MCQ

Limbic System Describe the principal components of the limbic system:

hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and nucleus

accumbens), the pathways connecting them and their

functions.


MCQ

Discuss the anatomy of memory and emotion in relation to the

limbic system


MCQ

Describe Functions of limbic system INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe the connection of hypothalamus with different areas

of brain.


MCQ

Describe the vegetative and endocrine functions of

hypothalamus.


MCQ

Describe the behavioral functions of hypothalamus. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Brain Waves and Sleep Describe brain waves. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9

MCQ

44


Describe the clinical significance of EEG. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Define sleep. Describe its various types and characteristics. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe basic theories of sleep. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe genesis of n-REM and REM sleep. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Enumerate the neurotransmitters involved in sleep. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe various sleep disorders. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Seizures and Epilepsy Define seizure and epilepsy. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Classify seizures & epilepsies INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

45

Enumerate causes of seizure and epilepsy. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Discuss the clinical features of patient presents with epilepsy. INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Discuss the significance of electrophysiologic studies imaging

and other investigations in epilepsy.


MCQ

Describe briefly about pharmacologic treatment. MCQ

CSF formation,

circulation and

functions

Describe regulation of cerebral

blood flow


MCQ

Describe formation, flow, and absorption

of cerebrospinal fluid


MCQ

Describe Blood–Cerebrospinal Fluid and

Blood-Brain Barriers


MCQ

pAlzheimer’s disease Explain the pathogenesis and microscopic findings of

Alzheimer`s disease and its types


MCQ

Inflammation of brain Describe the inflammatory processes related to meninges and

brain parenchyma


MCQ

46

Describe the pathogenic mechanisms of meningitis and

encephalitis


MCQ

GENERAL MEDICINE

Epilepsy Explain the types of epilepsy INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Describe the investigations and enlist anti-epileptic drugs INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Hydrocephalus Describe the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical features of

hydrocephalus


MCQ

RADIOLOGY

Neuroradiology- CT

scans

Describe relevant CT scan findings of intracerebral bleeds,

hematomas and subarachnoid hemorrhage


MCQ

Describe relevant CT scan findings of ischemic strokes INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9 EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

MCQ

Neuroradiology- MRI

scans

Describe relevant MR scan findings of intracerebral bleeds,

hematomas


MCQ

Describe relevant MR scan findings of ischemic strokes INTERACTIVE ACC TO GAGNES 9

MCQ

47


Neurosurgery

Brain injuries Describe the types, clinical presentations and investigations of

a patient with head injury


MCQ

Brain and spinal tumors Explain the types, clinical features and investigations of brain

and spinal tumors


MCQ

Skill and affective domain

HISTOLOGY

Slides of the sacral

segments and overview

of nervous tissue

Identify the slides of different neural structures under

microscope


Physiology

Neurological

examination of upper

and lower limbs

Examine a standardized patient for neurological system of

upper and lower limbs


48

Teaching and learning strategies:

The following teaching / learning methods are used to promote better understanding:

• Interactive Lectures

• Hospital / Clinic visits

• Small Group Discussion

• Skills session

• Self-Directed Study

49

Interactive lectures:

An interactive lecture is an easy way for instructors to intellectually engage and involve students as active participants in a lecture-

based class of any size. Interactive lectures are classes in which the instructor breaks the lecture at least once per class to have students

participate in an activity that lets them work directly with the material.

• The instructor might begin the interactive segment with an engagement trigger that captures and maintains student attention.

• Then the instructor incorporates an activity that allows students to apply what they have learned or give them a context for

upcoming lecture material.

• As the instructor feels more comfortable using interactive techniques he or she might begin to call upon a blend of various

interactive techniques all in one class period.

Hospital / Clinic visits:

In small groups, students observe patients with signs and symptoms in hospital or clinical settings. This helps students to relate

knowledge of basic and clinical sciences of the relevant module.

https://serc.carleton.edu/sp/library/interactive/triggers.html

50

Small group discussion (SGD):

The shy and less articulate are more able to contribute. Students learn from each other. Everyone gets more practice at

expressing their ideas. A two way discussion is almost always more creative than individual thoughts. Social skills are practiced in a

'safe' environment e.g. tolerance, cooperation. This format helps students to clarify concepts acquire skills or attitudes. Students

exchange opinions and apply knowledge gained from lectures, tutorials and self-study. The facilitator role is to ask probing questions,

summarize, or rephrase to help clarify concepts.

Skills/Practical session:

Skills relevant to respective module are observed and practiced where applicable in skills laboratory or Laboratories of various

departments.

Self-Directed learning (SDL):

Self-directed learning, which involves studying without direct supervision in a classroom/Library, is a valuable way to learn and

is quickly growing in popularity among parents and students. Students’ assume responsibilities of their own learning through individual

study, sharing and discussing with peers, seeking information from Learning Resource Centre, teachers and resource persons within

and outside the college. Students can utilize the time within the college scheduled hours of self-study.

51

Time tables:

The timetables for the module will be shared via Edmodo and the notice boards in advance.

Assessment tools:

Theoretical knowledge is tested by a written examination system constituted by multiple choice questions (MCQs). The assessment of

practical knowledge involves oral, spot, or objective structured practical examinations (OSPE).

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs):

• Multiple choice questions (MCQs) are a form of assessment for which students are asked to select the best choice from a list of

answers.

• MCQ consists of a stem and a set of options. The stem is usually the first part of the assessment that presents the question as a

problem to be solved; the question can be an incomplete statement which requires to be completed and can include a graph, a

picture or any other relevant information. The options are the possible answers that the student can choose from, with the

correct answer called the key and the incorrect answers called distractors.

• Correct answer carries one mark, and incorrect ‘zero mark’. There is NO negative marking.

• Students mark their responses on specified computer-based sheet designed for the college.

52

• The block exam will comprise of 120 MCQs and will be compiled according to the shared blueprint.

Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE):

• The content may assess application of knowledge, or practical skills.

• Student will complete task in define time at one given station.

• All the students are assessed on the same content by the same examiner in the same allocated time.

• A structured examination will have observed, unobserved, interactive and rest stations.

• Observed and interactive stations will be assessed by internal or external examiners.

• Unobserved will be static stations in which students will have to answer the questions related to the given pictures, models or

specimens the provided response sheet.

• Rest station is a station where there is no task given, and in this time student can organize his/her thoughts.

• The Block OSPE will be comprise of 18 examined station and 7 rest stations. The stations will be assigned according to the shred

blueprint.

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Internal Evaluation:

Internal evaluation is a process of quality review undertaken within an institution for its own ends. 10% marks of internal evaluation

will be added to final marks. This 10% will be based on

Distribution of 14 Marks for paper

Marks obtained Average of Percentage in Block exam

and Pre proffesional exam

Distribution of 10 Marks for Block A OSPE/OSCE

Marks obtained Average of percentage in Block OSPE

Exam and Block Pre Prof OSPE

Practical copies

54

Attendance Requirement:

More than 75% attendance is mandatory to sit for the modular examinations.

Learning resources: The learning resources are as follow

Anatomy

• Snell Neuroanatomy

• B.D Churasia

• Nelter Atlas

• Langman embryology

• Keithalmore embryology

• Laiq Hassain Basic Histology

• Difore Atlas Histology

Physiology

• Guyton nd Hall physiology

• Human Physiology from cells to systems by lauralee sherwood

• Ganong physiology

• BRS Physiology

• Neuroscience by Dale Purves

55

Biochemistry

• Chatterjee text book of Biochemistry

• Harpers Biochemistry

• Lippincotts Biochemistry

• Satya Narayan biochemistry

Apart from these resource learning ,students can consult books available in library or recommended by the specialty experts.

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Neuro Science 1 Module Study Guide

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