Date post: | 09-Jun-2015 |
Category: |
Education |
Upload: | brian-piper |
View: | 704 times |
Download: | 4 times |
Drugs & Behavior:Steroids
Brian J. Piper, Ph.D.
Goals
• Neuroendocrinology• “Side effects”• Behavioral Effects• Neural Effects• Epidemiology
Terminology
• Steroid: created from cholesterol• Anabolism: metabolic process, building • Catabolic: metabolic process, breaks down• Estrogens: female hormones• Androgens: male hormones
Testosterone --------------------> Estradiol Aromatase
GnRH: Gonadotrophin Releasing HormoneFSH: Follicle Stimulating HormoneLH: Leutinizing Hormone
http://www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/psychology/health_psychology/anabolic_steroids.html
Steroids and Animal Aggression
• Rats received different steroids (5 mg/kg) beginning at puberty (PD 40) for nine weeks.
• Resident-intruder aggression tests were conducted with and without a physical provocation.
• Adolescent steroid treatment caused a persistent increase in aggressive behavior.
Farell et al. (2004) Hormones & Behavior, 46, 193-203.
5.2
Aggression in Humans?
• Adult men were randomly assigned to receive escalating doses of testosterone or placebo.
• Testosterone increased self-rated mania and the Point Subtraction Aggression test.
Brain Changes
Male rats received
15 mg/kg of nandrolone for 14 days.
Brains were sectioned and the density of dopamine receptors were determined.
Steroid treatment had opposite
effects on D1 and D2 levels.
Dopamine (D1)Receptor Binding
Dopamine (D2)Receptor Binding
SteroidVehicle
Kindlundh et al. European J Neuroscience, 13, 291-296.
Famous Users
Famous UsersArnold Schwarzenegger Alex Rodriguez Ben Johnson Hulk Hogan
1970s 2001-2003 1988 1994
Epidemiology: Monitoring the Future
% UsinginPastYear
Sex Difference in Past Year Use
%Using
When does use start among 8th graders?
Year
PercentWhoUsedByGradeIndicated
Epidemiology: College Plans1.1
Epidemiology:Region and Urban vs. Rural