Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Koho Miyoshi ● Yasushi MorimuraKiyoshi MaedaEditors

Neuropsychiatric Disorders

EditorsKoho Miyoshi, M.D., Ph.D.DirectorJinmeikai Research Institute for Mental Health53-20 Kabutoyama-cho, NishinomiyaHyogo 662-0001, Japan

The former ProfessorDepartment of NeuropsychiatryKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyoto, Japan

Kiyoshi Maeda, M.D., Ph.D.ProfessorDepartment of Occupational TherapyKobe Gakuin University School of Rehabilitation518 Ikawadani-cho, Nishi-ku Kobe 651-2180, Japan

Yasushi Morimura, M.D, Ph.D.Chief Executive OfficerJinmeikai Foundation and Hospital53-20 Kabutoyama-cho, NishinomiyaHyogo 662-0001, Japan

Ohmura Hospital200 Kitayama-Ohmura, MikiHyogo 673-0404, Japan

ISBN 978-4-431-53870-7 e-ISBN 978-4-431-53871-4DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-53871-4Springer Tokyo Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York

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Preface

Neuropsychiatry is an integrating neuroscience of neurology and psychiatry that aims to investigate the psychiatric symptoms of neurological disorders as well as the neurobiological bases of psychiatric disorders, including organic mental disor-ders and endogenous psychoses. Additionally, neuropsychiatry aims to prevent or reduce the suffering of individuals with the psychiatric symptoms of cerebral disorders. The International Organization of Neuropsychiatry (ION), the forerunner of the current association, was established in Seville in 1996 and was reorganized as the International Neuropsychiatric Association (INA) in Toronto in 1998. Since then, it has continued to provide a forum for exchanging knowledge acquired by scientific activities in the field to accomplish the purposes of the association. Toward that end, international congresses have been held every 2 years in cities around the world: Seville (1996), Toronto (1998), Kyoto (2000), Buenos Aires (2002), Athens (2004), Sydney (2006), and Cancun (2008). In addition to the international congresses, regional congresses of neuropsychiatry have been organized regularly in Europe and Latin America. All the meetings have been successful and fruitful in stimulating progress in neuropsychiatry. As one of the results of the meetings, the monograph Contemporary Neuropsychiatry was published by Springer Japan in 2001.

This present monograph consists of papers from the Kobe Conference of the International Neuropsychiatric Association, which was held by the International Neuropsychiatric Association in collaboration with the Jinmeikai Foundation and the Japan Neuropsychiatric Association in Kobe, September 12–13, 2009. The meeting was originally planned to be a semi-closed workshop for the publication of this monograph in neuropsychiatry. Because the meeting was organized to be held between two international congresses of neuropsychiatry – the 7th INA Congress in Cancun (2008) and the 8th INA Congress in Chennai (2011) – it was planned so as to concentrate on rather limited areas of neuropsychiatry, namely, the clinical aspects of neuropsychiatric disorders.

As the editors, we are confident that this publication will stimulate further progress and research in neuropsychiatry in all parts of the world. We express our heartfelt gratitude for the contributions by all the authors who attended the meeting and sub-mitted papers. We are very pleased to have received their excellent work in neurop-sychiatry for this publication. We express our special appreciation to Dr. Perminder Sachdev, who allowed us to publish “The Core Curriculum of Neuropsychiatry,”

vi Preface

which originally appeared on the website of the International Neuropsychiatric Association in 2004, for standardizing the guidelines of training in neuropsychiatry.

We would like to acknowledge the support for the Kobe Conference of the International Neuropsychiatric Association by the Jinmeikai Foundation, Ohmura Hospital, the Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association of Japan, the Osaka Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, Kaiseikai (Japan Psychiatric Association for Partnership), the Kobe Convention and Visitors Association, the Tsutomu-Nakauchi Foundation, Japan Eisai Pharmaceutical Company, Japan Pfizer Pharmaceutical Company, Japan Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, and Japan Eli Lilly Pharmaceutical Company.

Koho Miyoshi, M.D., Ph.D.Yasushi Morimura, M.D., Ph.D.

Kiyoshi Maeda, M.D., Ph.D. Editors

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Contents

Part I Introduction

Clinical Manifestations of Neuropsychiatric Disorders .............................. 3Koho Miyoshi and Yasushi Morimura

Part II Neuropsychiatric Syndromes

Thyroid–Brain Interactions in Neuropsychiatric Disorders ....................... 19Robertas Bunevičius and Arthur J. Prange, Jr.

Lack of Insight and Awareness in Schizophrenia and Neuropsychiatric Disorders .................................................................... 33James Gilleen, Kathryn Greenwood, and Anthony S. David

Visual Hallucinations in Neurodegenerative Disorders ............................... 51Spyridon Papapetropoulos and Blake K. Scanlon

Organic Delusional Syndrome: Tentative Neuropsychological Mechanism of Delusions ................................................................................. 65Yoshitaka Ohigashi and Makiko Yamada

Neurological and Psychological Forms of Amnesia ..................................... 77Michael D. Kopelman

Part III Seizure Disorders

The Neuropsychological Aspect of Epilepsy ................................................. 95Yoshio Morita

The Interictal Dysphoric Disorder of Epilepsy ............................................ 103Marco Mula

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Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Seizure Disorders with Special Reference to the Amygdala....................................................... 113Michael Trimble

Part IV Traumatic Brain Injury

Neuropsychiatric Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury During Acute Neurorehabilitation ................................................................ 125David B. Arciniegas

Part V Vascular and Inflammatory Disorders

Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Vascular Cognitive Impairment .................... 149Ingmar Skoog

Neuropsychiatric Complications of Cerebrovascular Disease .................... 163Moises Gaviria and Rhonda DePaul Verzal

Systemic Inflammation and Cognition in the Elderly ................................. 177Julian Trollor and Emmeline Agars

Part VI Neurodegenerative Disorders

Diagnosis and Clinical Relevance of Depression and Apathy in Alzheimer’s Disease .................................................................................... 201Sergio E. Starkstein and Simone Brockman

Cognitive Decline and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease ........................... 213Luis Ignacio Brusco

Alzheimer’s Disease in Japan: Current Situation and Issues of the Care for Persons with Dementia ....................................... 227Akira Homma

AD-FTLD Spectrum: New Understanding of the Neurodegenerative Process from the Study of Risk Genes............... 235Masatoshi Takeda, Takashi Kudo, Toshihisa Tanaka, Masayasu Okochi, Ryota Hashimoto, Takashi Morihara, and Shinji Tagami

Dementia with Lewy Bodies ........................................................................... 247Ian Grant McKeith

Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Parkinson Disease with Dementia Within the Spectrum of Lewy Body Disease ...................... 255Kenji Kosaka

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Clinicopathological Characterization of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration ........................................................................................ 261Yoshio Mitsuyama

Diffuse Neurofibrillary Tangles with Calcification ...................................... 271Shigetoshi Kuroda, Hideki Ishizu, Seishi Terada, Osamu Yokota, Yasuyuki Tanabe, and Takashi Haraguchi

Part VII Topics of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Ayahuasca: Current Interest in an Ancient Ritual ...................................... 281Eduardo Gastelumendi

The Molecular Genetics of Suicide ................................................................ 287Kiyoshi Maeda, Osamu Shirakawa, Naoki Nishiguchi, and Masaaki Fukutake

Part VIII International Neuropsychiatric Association

Brief History and Current Status of the International Neuropsychiatric Association......................................................................... 301Koho Miyoshi

Core Curriculum in Neuropsychiatry of the International Neuropsychiatric Association......................................................................... 317Perminder Sachdev and The Curriculum Committee of the International Neuropsychiatric Association

Index ................................................................................................................. 347

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Contributors

Emmeline AgarsBrain and Ageing Program, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

David B. ArciniegasBrain Injury Rehabilitation Unit, HealthONE Spalding Rehabilitation Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA;Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA

Simone BrockmanSchool of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia;Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA, Australia

Luis Ignacio BruscoAlzheimer Center, School of Medicine, Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Robertas BunevičiusInstitute of Psychophysiology and Rehabilitation, Kaunas University of Medicine, Palanga, Lithuania

Anthony S. DavidDepartment of Psychiatry, Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK

Masaaki FukutakeDepartment of Psychiatry, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan

Eduardo GastelumendiPeruvian Psychiatric Society; Peruvian Psychoanalytic Society, Lima, Perú

Moises GaviriaDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA;Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, IL, USA

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James GilleenDepartment of Psychiatry, Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK

Kathryn GreenwoodDepartment of Psychiatry, Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK

Takashi HaraguchiDepartment of Neurology, South Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan

Ryota HashimotoDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan

Akira HommaDepartment of Psychiatry, Center for Dementia Care Research and Training in Tokyo, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan

Hideki IshizuZikei Hospital, Okayama, Japan

Michael D. KopelmanInstitute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK;Academic Unit of Neuropsychiatry, Adamson Centre, London, UK

Kenji KosakaYokohama Houyuu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan

Takashi KudoDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan

Shigetoshi KurodaZikei Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan

Kiyoshi MaedaDepartment of Occupational Therapy, Kobe Gakuin University School of Rehabilitation, Kobe, Japan

Ian Grant McKeithWolfson Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Yoshio MitsuyamaPsychogeriatric Center of Daigo Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan

Koho MiyoshiJinmeikai Research Institute for Mental Health, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; The former Professor, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

xiiiContributors

Takashi MoriharaDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan

Yasushi MorimuraJinmeikai Foundation and Hospital, Nishinomiya, Japan

Yoshio MoritaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan

Marco MulaDivision of Neurology, Maggiore Hospital, Amedeo Avogadro University, Novara, Italy

Naoki NishiguchiDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan

Yoshitaka OhigashiInternational Center, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Masayasu OkochiDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan

Spyridon PapapetropoulosDepartment of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA, USA

Arthur J. Prange, Jr.Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA

Perminder SachdevSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Euroa Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia

Blake K. ScanlonDepartment of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA

Osamu ShirakawaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan

Ingmar SkoogNeuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unite, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden

xiv Contributors

Sergio E. StarksteinSchool of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, WA, AustraliaFremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA, Australia

Shinji TagamiDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan

Masatoshi TakedaDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan

Yasuyuki TanabeDepartment of Neurology, South Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan

Toshihisa TanakaDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan

Seishi TeradaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan

Michael TrimbleDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Neurology, London, UK

Julian TrollorBrain and Ageing Program, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Rhonda DePaul VerzalDirector of Neuropsychiatry, Advocate Christ Medical Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

Makiko YamadaMolecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan

Osamu YokotaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan