Neutrino Program at Rochester Kevin McFarland 23 July 2003.

Neutrino Program at Neutrino Program at RochesterRochester

Kevin McFarlandKevin McFarland

23 July 200323 July 2003

23 July 200323 July 2003 Kevin McFarland, Neutrinos at RochesterKevin McFarland, Neutrinos at Rochester 22

OutlineOutline

• Personnel, etc.Personnel, etc.

• NuTeVNuTeV

• Next generation oscillation Next generation oscillation experimentsexperiments

• Neutrino cross-sectionsNeutrino cross-sections– PhenomenologyPhenomenology– MINERvAMINERvA


TimelineTimeline

• Neutrino program at Rochester is currently Neutrino program at Rochester is currently between major construction commitmentsbetween major construction commitments– Ramp up to future projects well suited to Ramp up to future projects well suited to

dovetail into end of Run 2dovetail into end of Run 2

1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 2017

MINERvA

J-PARC nu

Phenomenology

NuTeV

Design

Construction

Operation

Analysis


PersonnelPersonnel• No one is currently full-timeNo one is currently full-time

• Group (mostly senior) currently planning future.Group (mostly senior) currently planning future.– this will have to change soon…this will have to change soon…

Senior PhysicistsSenior Physicists StudentsStudents CollaboratorsCollaborators

Prof. Arie Bodek (25%)Prof. Arie Bodek (25%) Mr. Brian AndersonMr. Brian Anderson Prof. Steve Manly (DOE-nucl)Prof. Steve Manly (DOE-nucl)

Dr. Howard Budd (25%)Dr. Howard Budd (25%) Mr. Paul Conrow (RET)Mr. Paul Conrow (RET) Prof. Frank Wolfs (NSF-nucl)Prof. Frank Wolfs (NSF-nucl)

Prof. Kevin McFarland (25%)Prof. Kevin McFarland (25%) Ms. Aimee Slaughter (REU)Ms. Aimee Slaughter (REU)

[Dr. Willis Sakumoto][Dr. Willis Sakumoto] [Dr. Sergey Avvakumov] [Dr. Sergey Avvakumov]

[Dr. Pawel deBarbaro][Dr. Pawel deBarbaro] [Dr. Un-Ki Yang][Dr. Un-Ki Yang] (were ~25% NuTeV) (were ~25% NuTeV) (were 100% CCFR/NuTeV)(were 100% CCFR/NuTeV)

Senior Research Assoc.Senior Research Assoc. UndergraduatesUndergraduates Secondary TeachersSecondary Teachers


Recent Recognition for WorkRecent Recognition for Work

• Prof. Arie Bodek is an acknowledged expert on Prof. Arie Bodek is an acknowledged expert on neutrino cross-section modelingneutrino cross-section modeling– gave recent NUINT02 summary talkgave recent NUINT02 summary talk

• Prof. Kevin McFarland has given 25 invited Prof. Kevin McFarland has given 25 invited seminars and conference presentations on recent seminars and conference presentations on recent NuTeV electroweak resultNuTeV electroweak result

• Thesis awards for our studentsThesis awards for our students– Un-Ki Yang FNAL URA Thesis award 2002 (CCFR/NuTeV)Un-Ki Yang FNAL URA Thesis award 2002 (CCFR/NuTeV)– Geralyn Zeller 2003 APS Tanaka prize (NuTeV)Geralyn Zeller 2003 APS Tanaka prize (NuTeV)

(NWU student, (NWU student, de factode facto advised by McFarland) advised by McFarland)


NuTeV: Electroweak NuTeV: Electroweak AnalysisAnalysis

• Recent three Recent three anomaly in NuTeV sin anomaly in NuTeV sin22W W

continues to be a puzzle of interest to continues to be a puzzle of interest to communitycommunity– McFarland (EW Analysis leader), [Zeller, thesis]McFarland (EW Analysis leader), [Zeller, thesis]

• McFarland continues activity inMcFarland continues activity ininvestigating possible solutionsinvestigating possible solutions– e.g., recent collaboration withe.g., recent collaboration with

Sven-Olaf Moch (DESY) onSven-Olaf Moch (DESY) oncalculation of NLO QCD effectscalculation of NLO QCD effects(shown to be small, hep-ph/0306052)(shown to be small, hep-ph/0306052)

MW = 80.136 0.084 GeV

from2

2 ( )2

sin 1on shell WW

Z

M

M


NuTeV StudentsNuTeV Students

• Avvakumov (Bodek)Avvakumov (Bodek)– first precise measurement offirst precise measurement of

w/o assuming CP/CPTw/o assuming CP/CPT

– test of LSND CPT hypothesistest of LSND CPT hypothesis

• Yang (Bodek)Yang (Bodek)– CCFR cross-sections, QCDCCFR cross-sections, QCD

e.g., test of Fe.g., test of F22 universality universality

– URA thesis award (2002)URA thesis award (2002)

e


Status of Neutrino Status of Neutrino OscillationsOscillations• Atmospheric (Super-K) and Solar (SNO, Atmospheric (Super-K) and Solar (SNO,

KAMLAND) neutrino oscillation signatures KAMLAND) neutrino oscillation signatures are well establishedare well established

Kamiokande

Soudan-2

MACROSuper-K

sin22θ> 0.92 Δm2=(1.6 – 3.9)×10-3eV2

SNO


Oscillation PhenomenologyOscillation Phenomenology

• Lepton Mixing Matrix has a very Lepton Mixing Matrix has a very different structure than CKM matrixdifferent structure than CKM matrix

BBB

BBB

BB

UMNS

?

• Big elements (B) are numerically 0.3-0.7Big elements (B) are numerically 0.3-0.7

• ““?” Element, U?” Element, Ue3e3, is less than 0.2, is less than 0.2– CHOOZ reactor experiment boundsCHOOZ reactor experiment bounds

– Theory “bet” is that UTheory “bet” is that Ue3e3 is just around the corner is just around the corner


So what about this USo what about this Ue3e3??

• If UIf Ue3e3 is non-zero, then phenomenology of is non-zero, then phenomenology of neutrino oscillations becomes more richneutrino oscillations becomes more rich– CP violation in oscillations CP violation in oscillations àà la CKM matrix la CKM matrix

– Observe matter effects in Observe matter effects in beambeam

•Sensitive to the hierarchy of neutrino Sensitive to the hierarchy of neutrino masses instead of just mass-squared masses instead of just mass-squared differencesdifferences

• If UIf Ue3e3 is near zero, this is very odd is near zero, this is very odd– Will have big impact on GUT modelsWill have big impact on GUT models


The Importance of Precision The Importance of Precision P(P(→→ee) at Superbeams) at Superbeams

• Conventional “superbeams” and Conventional “superbeams” and reactors will be our next windows into reactors will be our next windows into UUe3e3• Studying this transition in Studying this transition in

neutrinos and anti-neutrinos neutrinos and anti-neutrinos gives us gives us magnitudemagnitude and and phase phase information on Uinformation on Ue3e3 as as

well as sign of well as sign of m23

• Reactors only measure Reactors only measure magnitude of Umagnitude of Ue3e3

Sign of Sign of mm2323

Ue3|

Non-trivial phase, Non-trivial phase, → CP violation→ CP violation


How can this be done with How can this be done with Conventional Beams?Conventional Beams?• Appearance signal is difficult to extractAppearance signal is difficult to extract

– beam backgroundsbeam backgrounds– high energy “feed-down” (neutral currents)high energy “feed-down” (neutral currents)

• Off-axis beam technique Off-axis beam technique makes it possiblemakes it possible

– Beam becomesBeam becomesmonochromaticmonochromatic

– Less feed-downLess feed-down– Fewer electron Fewer electron

neutrinosneutrinos


J-PARC NeutrinoJ-PARC Neutrino

• LOI favorably reviewed by J-PARC PACLOI favorably reviewed by J-PARC PAC– Proposal submitted to Monkasho soonProposal submitted to Monkasho soon– Actively encouraging non-Japanese collaboratorsActively encouraging non-Japanese collaborators– Physics start date 2008 or 2009?Physics start date 2008 or 2009?

• JAERI 50 GeV PSJAERI 50 GeV PS– 0.77MW initially0.77MW initially

• 4MW upgrade planned4MW upgrade planned– Extraction point for Extraction point for beam beam

is being builtis being built• Off-axis beam to Super-Off-axis beam to Super-

K detector, near SeoulK detector, near Seoul– At Super-K, At Super-K,

L/E~295km/0.7GeVL/E~295km/0.7GeV


NUMI Off-AxisNUMI Off-Axis

• NUMI (on-axis) experiment NUMI (on-axis) experiment for for disappearance will disappearance will commence 2005commence 2005– 0.25-0.4 MW proton power0.25-0.4 MW proton power– Run 10 km off axis at Run 10 km off axis at

L/E~700km/2GeV? Other?L/E~700km/2GeV? Other?

• LOI submitted to PACLOI submitted to PAC

• Proposal to PAC in fallProposal to PAC in fall


Cross-Sections and Cross-Sections and ModelingModeling

• Plausible models exist to describe some Plausible models exist to describe some aspects of data in each regionaspects of data in each region– Transitions between regions?Transitions between regions?– A dependence, final-state interactions, etc.A dependence, final-state interactions, etc.

Quasi-elasticsn→-p (x=1, W=Mp)

Resonance Region e.g., n→-p0 (low Q2, W)

Deep Inelastic Scattering N→-X (low Q2, W)

23 July 200323 July 2003 Kevin McFarland, Neutrinos at RochesteKevin McFarland, Neutrinos at Rochesterr

1616

Status of Cross-SectionsStatus of Cross-Sections• Not well-known at 1-few GeVNot well-known at 1-few GeV

– Knowledge of exclusive final states particularly poorKnowledge of exclusive final states particularly poor– Understanding of backgrounds requires Understanding of backgrounds requires differentialdifferential

cross-sections for these processes!cross-sections for these processes!– A dependence?A dependence?

n–p0

nn+


1717

Where do Cross-Sections Where do Cross-Sections matter?matter?

• →→, , mm222323, , 2323

– Signal is suppression in 600-Signal is suppression in 600-800 MeV bin (peak of beam)800 MeV bin (peak of beam)

• Dominated by non-QE Dominated by non-QE backgroundbackground– 20% uncertainty in non-QE 20% uncertainty in non-QE

is comparable to statistical is comparable to statistical errorerror

• Non-QE background feeds Non-QE background feeds down from Edown from E>E>Epeakpeak

• Quantitatively different Quantitatively different for MINOS, NUMI-OAfor MINOS, NUMI-OA

Oscillation with m2=3×10-3

sin22=1.0

No oscillation

Non-QE

JHF->SK, 0.8MW-yr, 1ring FC -like

Reconstructed E (MeV)

(JHFnu LOI)


1818

Where do Cross-Sections Where do Cross-Sections matter?matter?• →→ee, , 1313

– Shown at right is most Shown at right is most optimistic optimistic 1313; we may ; we may instead be fighting against instead be fighting against backgroundbackground

• NC NC 00 and beam and beam ee background both in playbackground both in play– NC NC 00 cross-section poorly cross-section poorly

knownknown

– We can model We can model CCCC((ee)/)/CCCC((). ). Is it right? Is it right?

• Precision measurement is Precision measurement is the endgamethe endgame

sin22e=0.05 (sin22e 0.5sin2213)

NUMI 0.7° OA, No NC/e

discrimination (detector indep.)

(plot courtesy D. Harris)


1919

Where do Cross-Sections Where do Cross-Sections matter?matter?

• →→ee vs vs →→ee, , – Cross-sections very different Cross-sections very different

in two modesin two modes– ““Wrong sign” background Wrong sign” background

only relevant in anti-only relevant in anti-neutrinoneutrino• Crucial systematic in Crucial systematic in

comparing neutrino to anti-comparing neutrino to anti-neutrinoneutrino

• Need Need CCCC(()/)/CCCC(() in sub- ) in sub- to few-GeV regionto few-GeV region

50×

5×

NUMI 0.7° OA, 3.8E20 POT


Phenomenology I: Phenomenology I: Bodek-Yang DualityBodek-Yang Duality

• The problem: transition The problem: transition between DIS and resonance between DIS and resonance regionregion– High precision neutrino DIS data High precision neutrino DIS data

(e.g., CCFR & NuTeV) is available(e.g., CCFR & NuTeV) is available– Precise low QPrecise low Q22 charged lepton data charged lepton data

(JLab, SLAC) in resonance region(JLab, SLAC) in resonance region

• Quark-Hadron Duality?Quark-Hadron Duality?– ““When you get near a resonance, it When you get near a resonance, it

sucks you in.”sucks you in.”– Bodek and Yang have shown that Bodek and Yang have shown that

charged lepton resonance data can be charged lepton resonance data can be described “on average” with a DIS-like described “on average” with a DIS-like cross-sectioncross-section

Q2= 0.07 GeV2

Q2= 3 GeV2 Q2= 9 GeV2

Q2= 1. 4 GeV2

Q2= 0.22 GeV2

Q2= 0.85 GeV2

• Currently being implemented in standard Currently being implemented in standard generatorsgenerators– NUANCE (Super-K, IMB), NUGEN (MINOS)NUANCE (Super-K, IMB), NUGEN (MINOS)


Phenomenology II: Phenomenology II: Revisiting Quasi-ElasticsRevisiting Quasi-Elastics

• Strategy:Strategy:– charged lepton data (lots of it) charged lepton data (lots of it)

used to determine vector form used to determine vector form factorsfactors

– small amount of neutrino quasi-small amount of neutrino quasi-elastic data used to measure elastic data used to measure axial form-factors within dipole axial form-factors within dipole modelmodel

– previous neutrino analyses previous neutrino analyses used too simple a cross-section used too simple a cross-section modelmodel

• Bodek, Budd and Arrington (Argonne) have re-analyzed old Bodek, Budd and Arrington (Argonne) have re-analyzed old neutrino data with more sophisticated vector form factorsneutrino data with more sophisticated vector form factors– result is a large shift in the effective axial massresult is a large shift in the effective axial mass– this has solved a major problem for K2K Qthis has solved a major problem for K2K Q22 distributions distributions– again, being implemented in standard generatorsagain, being implemented in standard generators

cross-section ratio, before cross-section ratio, before and after Bodek-Budd-and after Bodek-Budd-

ArringtonArrington


Rochester Involvement inRochester Involvement inJ-PARC neutrinoJ-PARC neutrino• We have begun an involvement in the J-PARC We have begun an involvement in the J-PARC

neutrino projectneutrino project– McFarland has served on International Board since 2002McFarland has served on International Board since 2002– McFarland is 280m (near) detector co-convenorMcFarland is 280m (near) detector co-convenor

• Our primary interest is in construction of near detectors Our primary interest is in construction of near detectors to measure flux and neutrino cross-sectionsto measure flux and neutrino cross-sections– plays well into our CDF/CMS/NuTeV detector strengthsplays well into our CDF/CMS/NuTeV detector strengths– leading the field in cross-section modeling (Bodek, Budd, Yang)leading the field in cross-section modeling (Bodek, Budd, Yang)

• Current activitiesCurrent activities– tests of aqueous liquid scintillator for cross-section on Oxygentests of aqueous liquid scintillator for cross-section on Oxygen

(Conrow, Slaughter, McFarland, Wolfs)(Conrow, Slaughter, McFarland, Wolfs)– detector simulation/optimization (Anderson, McFarland)detector simulation/optimization (Anderson, McFarland)


MINERvA: Main INjectorMINERvA: Main INjectorExpeRiment ExpeRiment -A-A

• The J-PARC neutrino beam may not The J-PARC neutrino beam may not achieve operating intensity until 2009achieve operating intensity until 2009– but NUMI beamline available ~2005but NUMI beamline available ~2005– beamline off and on-axis allows for a broad beamline off and on-axis allows for a broad

range of neutrino energies accessible in range of neutrino energies accessible in existing NUMI tunnelsexisting NUMI tunnels

NUMI LENUMI ME

on-axis5m off-axis

10m

15m

on-axis5m off-axis

10m15m

event rate per unit detector mass as a function of neutrino energy


MINERvA DetectorMINERvA Detector

• Want a fully active detector to see, e.g., recoil Want a fully active detector to see, e.g., recoil protons from protons from nn––pp

• Segmented scintillator strips with WLS Segmented scintillator strips with WLS readout for the basis of the detectorreadout for the basis of the detector– heavy FNAL investment in this technologyheavy FNAL investment in this technology– lots of Rochester experience! (CDF plug, CMS lots of Rochester experience! (CDF plug, CMS

HCAL)HCAL)

• Cost driver may be photosensorsCost driver may be photosensors– evaluating MAPMTs, APDs, Image Intensifiers/CCDsevaluating MAPMTs, APDs, Image Intensifiers/CCDs


MINERvA DetectorMINERvA Detector

Active scintillator strip target

Active/passive frame around target

Modular designModular design

•Construct above Construct above ground piecewiseground piecewise

•Can add detector or Can add detector or target material as target material as another layeranother layer


Next Steps for MINERvANext Steps for MINERvA

• Two EOIs submitted to FNAL PAC in 2002Two EOIs submitted to FNAL PAC in 2002– one to sit in on-axis and one in off-axis beamsone to sit in on-axis and one in off-axis beams– merger is MINERvA, initially to run on-axismerger is MINERvA, initially to run on-axis

(C. Keppel, McFarland, J. Morfin scientific coordinators)(C. Keppel, McFarland, J. Morfin scientific coordinators)

• Will submit a proposal to fall 2003 PACWill submit a proposal to fall 2003 PAC– physics case, detector conceptual design, cost physics case, detector conceptual design, cost

estimateestimate


Collaborations with Nuclear Collaborations with Nuclear PhysicsPhysics• Neutrino cross-sections and oscillations are Neutrino cross-sections and oscillations are

also of interest to the nuclear physics also of interest to the nuclear physics communitycommunity– Prof. Steve Manly (DOE nucl)Prof. Steve Manly (DOE nucl)

•proposals at JLab to study inclusive and exclusive proposals at JLab to study inclusive and exclusive resonance cross-sections on nucleiresonance cross-sections on nuclei

– crucial input for neutrino cross-sectionscrucial input for neutrino cross-sections– Bodek, McFarland signed on as collaboratorsBodek, McFarland signed on as collaborators

•collaborator on MINERvAcollaborator on MINERvA– Prof. Frank Wolfs (NSF nucl.)Prof. Frank Wolfs (NSF nucl.)

•development of Aqueous scintillatordevelopment of Aqueous scintillator


ConclusionsConclusions• Current successes in analysis (NuTeV) and Current successes in analysis (NuTeV) and

phenomenologyphenomenology– as well as detector building skills at Rochesteras well as detector building skills at Rochester

• We want to build on these strengths to seed a new We want to build on these strengths to seed a new generation of neutrino oscillation andgeneration of neutrino oscillation andcross-section experimentscross-section experiments– we see a unique role for Rochester in developing, we see a unique role for Rochester in developing,

building and analyzing near detector data, ultimately to building and analyzing near detector data, ultimately to be applied to neutrino oscillationsbe applied to neutrino oscillations

– next step: MINERvAnext step: MINERvA

• Bridge between particle and nuclear physicsBridge between particle and nuclear physics

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