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On Creativity
Ziya G. Boyacigiller
This presentation was created and given by Ziya Boyacigiller who was leading Angel Investor and a loved mentor to many young entrepreneurs in Turkey. We have shared it on the web for everyone’s benefit. It is free to use but please cite Ziya Boyacigiller as the source when you use any part of this presentation. For more about Ziya Boyacigiller’s contributions to the start-up Ecosystem of Turkey, please go to www.ziyaboyacigiller.com
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Creativity
“ Finding a way! “
References Used:
Serious Creativity, E. De Bono
A Whack on the Side of the Head, R. von Oeck
Creativity in Business, M. Ray, R. Myers
Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain, Betty Edwards
Shari Borkin
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Objectives
1. Understand the nature and logic of creativity
2. Importance of motivation to make a creative effort
3. Specific tools, techniques, and methods to use for creativity
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
10. “I’m Not Creative” and 9 other ways to kill creativity
9. “The” Right Answer8. That's Not Logical. 7. Follow the Rules.6. Be Practical.5. Play Is Frivolous.4. That's Not My Area. 3. Avoid Ambiguity.2. Don't Be Foolish.1. To Err Is Wrong.
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Here Edward de Bono sees what others look and fail to see.
Why?
Returning to my seat on an airliner I hit my head on the overhead luggage locker. As I sat down the person next to me said, “I also hit my head on that locker, it must be too low.“
"On the contrary," I said, "the trouble is that the locker is placed too high.”
There is nothing humorous about this exchange but there is the same sudden switch in perception -which eventually makes sense. If the luggage locker is really low then you see that you must duck your head. If the locker is placed really high, then it does not matter whether you duck or not. But if the locker is placed at a level that you do not think you need to duck, then you do not duck and you do hit your head.
Returning to my seat on an airliner I hit my head on the overhead luggage locker. As I sat down the person next to me said, “I also hit my head on that locker, it must be too low.
"On the contrary," I said, "the trouble is that the locker is placed too high.”
There is nothing humorous about this exchange but there is the same sudden switch in perception -which eventually makes sense. If the luggage locker is really low then you see that you must duck your head. If the locker is placed really high, then it does not matter whether you duck or not. But if the locker is placed at a level that you do not think you need to duck, then you do not duck and you do hit your head.
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
The Practical Need for Creativity
Case 1:Your company is selling life insurance.
It is hard to sell because most people don’t care about money they would receive after they die…
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Case 1:Living Benefits - “Why not pay out life
insurance benefits before the policy-holder dies?” Create life insurance + catastrophic illness insurance!– Ron Barbaro, Prudential Insurance
It is possible to create a powerful idea even in a traditional industry.
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
The Practical Need for Creativity
Case 2:Your company is operating a tuna fish factory. In
an effort to reduce costs, and after many heated discussions, you all decide to cut labor. Now, the remaining workers are leaving too much meat on the bones since they have to work much faster. They are also unhappy that they are forced to work harder and, uncooperative to work with you to fix this problem since they are forced into this situation.
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
The Practical Need for Creativity
Case 2:Tuna Plant - Reduced labor causes too
much meat to be left on the bones. Hire additional labor to recover this meat, and add to profits. – Tony O’Reilly, Heinz,
Previous state of mind shouldn’t necessarily affect current thinking. Start thinking afresh.
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
The Practical Need for Creativity
Case 3:Edward de Bono is giving lectures in
Singapore. In eastern cultures individuality and “losing face” is avoided if at all possible. “You can’t point to a person and demand the person be creative” since they will feel singled out for some reason and feel shame.
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
The Practical Need for Creativity
Case 3:Singapore Lectures - “You can’t point to a
person and demand the person be creative.” Use row & column numbers to call on people at random, so they know they are not being picked on…– E. De Bono
it is possible to create a new solution, when no standard solution exists.
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
The Practical Need for Creativity
Case 4:Your company is in the ready to wear garment
retail business. You have a hard time to compete since it is a crowded and fiercely competitive environment where everyone has what others sell. Any idea gets copied quickly… Your new style shirts and knit pullovers initially sold well, but now others have copied them eliminating your differentiation.
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
The Practical Need for Creativity
Case 4:Build a brand on“color”, not “shape” -
Benetton became a $2 billion company by making use of sophisticated computer systems (i.e. IT) to stump competition.
It is possible “to not follow status quo”, but “to do things differently than others” to excel.
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Practical Need for Creativity Falls into Two Areas
1. Where there is a real need for a new idea and we cannot proceed without one. There may be a problem, a crisis, or a conflict. Other approaches have failed - creativity is the only hope. (swoT)
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Practical Need for Creativity Falls into Two Areas
2. Where there is no pressing need for a new idea but a new idea offers opportunity, advantage, and benefit (swOt)
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phineas_Gage
Phineas P. Gage (July 9?, 1823 – May 21, 1860)
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
In-Class Exercise:How to turn-on your creative mind
Draw this…
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Use: Direct attention (focus), Simplify skills (breakdown)
In-Class Exercise:How to turn-on your creative mind
Draw this again…focus on contours only (white & gray)
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Before and After Drawings
From: Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
“Managing One-Stool Café*“create opportunities by
taking on a higher challenge
It is very easy to run a one-stool Café.
You would have only one customer to serve - anybody can do that…
Challenge starts when you add the second stool (or better
yet 10 more stools, 20 more…) That is when you “create the problem”.
That requires you to use creativity to overcome the problem(s) you have created…
Taking a higher challenge will improve your skills.
That is when you start to learn and move ahead, ... Plus, it is F U N !
Ref: Jack Gifford, Founder of Maxim Integrated Products, Silicon Valley (1941-2008)
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
If you don’t create a problem, you are doing what everyone
else is doing…
staying within status-quo “box”
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Physical Side of Creativity
Any new situation that did not lead
directly into an existing pattern would have to be analyzed afresh.
…The brain will only see what it is prepared to see (existing patterns).
E. de Bono
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Life Would be Impossible without Pattern Forming &
Pattern Using(Neural-Networks)
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
What happens if there is a “side-track”? Do we have to stop and
look at every alternative?
OLD WOMAN
YOUNG WOMAN
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In practice…
the dominant track suppresses other tracks which, for the moment, cease to exist. So we move along the main track in full confidence.
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
In practice the dominant track suppresses other tracks. So we move along the main track in full
confidence.
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
How is it possible?
A man and his son driving on the freeway have an accident.
The man dies.
The son is taken to the hospital and rushed into the operating room.
The doctor walks in and declines to operate on the patient saying: “He is my son!”
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
How is this possible?
Police Arrest
Two of Their Own
for Prostitution
(actual news headline)
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
If we enter a side track, then we follow it back to the starting point making a connection to
the original thought…
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
The path from B to A is direct, whereas from A to B can be very
roundabout
(lack of symmetry)
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Second line of this joke forces you to take a “side-path”
“- If I were married to you, I would put poison in your coffee.”
“- And, if I were married to you, I should drink the coffee.”
(attributed to W. Churchill and Lady Asquith)
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
How can we “escape” from the main path and take a creative
leap (lateral thinking)?
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Patterns in brain can be so strong that they say natives could not see Colombus’ ships until they noticed the waves and started
challenging themselves to see anew…
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Physical Need for Creativity: Brain allows incoming information to form patterns.
Once these patterns are formed, we use them in the process known as perception.
The patterns are not symmetric.
This asymmetry gives rise to humor and creativity.
Humor and creativity are related, since fitting information into new patterns, and even more so the discovery of side-paths, releases endorphins that reinforce re-learning.
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
How can you take control of your brain to think more effectively?
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Lateral Thinking Techniques:
The Creative Pause
There should be a new idea here. There could be a new idea here. I want to pause to think about this. I want to notice that. I want to pay attention to that. That needs thinking about. Is there another possibility here? Is that the only way of doing it?
THINK!
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Lateral Thinking Techniques:
Focus
1- General Area Focus (define scope): I want some new ideas in the area of
• restaurants • telephones • transfer of funds between banks.
I want some ideas in the area of • running a resort hotel • on the color of the bedside table in each hotel • messages left for guests at the hotel.
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Lateral Thinking Techniques:
Focus
2- Purpose Type Focus: What is the purpose of our thinking? What are we trying to achieve? What is our goal? What is the target? With what do we want to end up?
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
2.1 - Purpose Focus - Improvement(how to improve in a defined direction)
We want ideas to speed up supermarket check-out…
We want ideas to reduce cost of staff training…
We want ideas for simplifying the controls on this VCR…
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
2.2 - Purpose Focus - Problem Solving
(how to overcome a difficulty)
How can we reduce the losses due to shoplifting?
We need ideas to prevent condensation on bathroom walls.
How can we deal with street violence?
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
2.3 - Purpose Focus - Task (how to reach a desired point)
I want to design a flat refrigerator. I want a way to communicate with
5,000 trainers out there.We want some powerful slogan to
get elected.We want chocolate that does not
melt in the desert.
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
2.4 - Purpose Focus - Opportunity
(how to identify potential)
How can we use this glue that never dries?
People cannot afford to keep big houses any more – can we see an opportunity here?
Satellite TV transmission is getting cheaper – what opportunities can we see?
There is a glut of grapes in Bulgaria this year…
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
WHY Challenge Assumptions
1. Class participates in teams to
“uncover the assumptions”
of a traditional circus.
2. Use a MINDMAP to do focused thinking
3. Share your new circus vision with class
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Some Assumptions
•
A big tent A small tent
Animals NO Animals
Cheap tickets Expensive tickets
Barkers selling souvenirs NO Barkers selling souvenirs
Several acts performing at the same time
One act performing
Playful music Sophisticated music
Clowns NO Clowns
Popcorn NO Popcorn
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Lateral Thinking Techniques:
3 - Challenge
Why is it done this way?Why does it have to be done this
way?Are there other ways of doing it? I can find a way to do this?Who says it can’t be done?
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
3.1 – Challenge - Block
The road to my house is under construction, how else can I get home?
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Time Sequence Block
When one letter (information) is given at a time, and we have to guess the next word to spell:
R A T EG
T A R G E T
This example shows that there is an absolute need for creativity in a system when new information is added to existing information in an integrating fashion.
T ?
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
3.2 – Challenge Escape(Lateral Thinking)
What if we did not try to make our customers happy?
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3.3 – Challenge Drop
Why do we need to keep on logging the customer ID numbers?
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Lateral Thinking Techniques:
4 - Alternatives
Is there another way?What are the alternatives?What else can be done?
“This is good, however for now let’s put this aside and see if we can come up with any other ideas…”
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
In Class Exercise:
Move the OrangeYou will need a long flat surface (floor will do), a round object that is easy
to roll (an orange), and a stopwatch that can count in minutes/seconds.
Form your team – class forms 3 teams. One person becomes the record keeper (must have a stop watch)
and observer. The observer notes HOW THE TEAM IS CONVERGING ON AN IDEA.
Your team will need to move an orange from the first to the last person in the team.
(a) Each person in the team, and (b) both hands of each person and (c) one person at a time must touch the orange as it is moving.
The orange needs to be in the same shape/quality at the end as it was at the beginning. i.e. you can’t take them apart, etc.
Your challenge is to score the best time (shortest) to win.
Keep your idea from other teams, they may try to copy your idea…
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Beware of Alternatives Trap
“Would you like to have coffee/tea or lemonade.”
• Think: “Why choose?”
“We can either work 8 hours on Saturday, or 4 hours on Sunday…”
• Think: “Why choose?”
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Why do we keep on doing the same thing?
1. Status Quo: Because we have always done it this way and there has never been any need, occasion, or pressure for change
2. Because it was the best way of doing things and still is…
3. Because we have considered changing to a better way but the cost of change and disruption are too expensive
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Early Judgment kills Ideas and Creativity, Use Movement
Instead
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Lateral Thinking Techniques:
7 - Six Thinking Hats How do you get time for creative thinking?
How can you ask someone to make a creative
effort?
How do you stop someone from being consistently negative
How do you encourage people to look at the benefits of an idea?
How do you express your intuition and gut feeling in a serious meeting?
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
7.1 - White Hat(neutral, informative, data)
What information do we have here?What information is missing?What information would we like to
have?How are we going to get the
information?
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7.2 - Black Hat(logical negative - caution, critical, judgmental)
The regulations don’t permit us to do that
We don’t have the production capacity to meet that order
When we tried a higher price the sales fell off
He has no experience in export management
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
7.3 - Red Hat(feelings, intuition, emotions)
This is what I feel about the projectMy gut feeling is that it won’t work I don’t like the way this is being doneMy intuition tells me that prices will
fall soon I don’t know as a fact, but I feel that
he is the wrong person for the job
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
7.4 - Yellow Hat(logical positive - optimism, benefits, positive view)
This might work if we moved the production plant nearer to the customer
The benefit would come from repeat purchases
The high cost of energy would make everyone more energy efficient
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
7.5 - Green Hat(creative, new ideas, alternatives, possibilities)
We need some new ideas hereAre there any other alternatives?Could we do this in a different way?Could there be another explanation?We can also do this without using
any ball-bearings at all!What if we used egg-whites as a
glue?
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
7.6 - Blue Hat(using the results of thinking, next steps, summaries,
conclusions , decisions)
We have spent far too much time looking for someone to blame.
Could we have a summary of your view?
I think we should take a look at the priorities here.
I suggest we try some green hat thinking to get some new ideas.
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Subject: BUILD A WEB SITE TO FIGHT CORRUPTION
Everyone wears a colored hat
You discuss the subject with the team
You have 5 minutes
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Subject: BUILD A WEB SITE TO FIGHT CORRUPTION
Everyone wears a single colored hat
You have 3 minutes for each hat
You discuss the subject with the team
Copyright © 2003 Ziya G. Boyacigiller
Stages for Highly Creative Performance
OR How to Build a Creativity
Process
from A Kick in the Seat of PantsR. von Oech