New Advances in Electronic Toll Collection SystemsNew Advances in Electronic Toll Collection Systems
October 2007
Yoichi DeguchiITS Policy and Program Office, Road Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport,
Government of Japan
October 2007
Yoichi DeguchiITS Policy and Program Office, Road Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport,
Government of Japan
1
ContentsContents
1. State of ETC in Japan1) State of ETC
2) Effects of spread of ETC
3) Introduction and effectiveness of Smart Interchanges
4) Start of motorcycle ETC service
2. Efforts to promote the increased use of ETC1) Multi-purpose use
2) Field trials of ETC at public parking areas
3) Examples of expected multi-purpose uses of ETC
2
•ETC is an advanced automatic toll collection system that enables nonstop tollgate transitions.• In Japan, ETC service started in March 2001, installing 19million automobile by August 2007.•Used by about 5.5 million automobiles/day, the utilization rate has soared to reach about 66%. •The target utilization rate is 80% by next spring.
1) State of ETC1) State of ETC
State of ETC use (early report) August 30, 2007
August 2007Approx. 5.5 million/dayUtilization rate: 66.4%
ETC System Outline
(Vehicle used: 10,000 units/day) Changing utilization of ETC (Utilization rate)
Apr. Jul. Oct. Jan. Apr. Jul. Oct. Jan. Apr. Jul. Oct. Jan. Apr. Jul. Oct. Jan. Apr. Jul. Oct. Jan. Apr. Jul. Oct. Jan. Apr. Jul.
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
After nationwide introduction
in December 2001Approx. 50,000/dayUtilization rate 0.9%
Source: Mitsubishi Electric
Two way radio
Road side antennaOn-board equipment
IC Card
East Nippon Expressway
Metropolitan Expressway
JH (Until Sept.05)
Utilization rate
West Nippon Expressway
Honshu-shikokuExpressway
Central Nippon Expressway
Hanshin Expressway
1. State of ETC in Japan1. State of ETC in Japan
3
•About 30% of congestion on expressways is caused by a shortage of toll gate capacity.•ETC displays its congestion elimination effectiveness by enabling automobiles to pass through without stopping, increasing the processing capacity of toll gates.
•Congestion at tollgates on the Metropolitan Expressway has been eliminated through an increased ETC utilization rate.
1. State of ETC in Japan1. State of ETC in Japan2) Effects of spread of ETC2) Effects of spread of ETC
56.2
19.8
12.1
3.9 2.8
21.2
6.1
38.1
65.373.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2003年3月 2004年3月 2005年3月 2006年3月 2007年3月
0.0%
15.0%
30.0%
45.0%
60.0%
75.0%
90.0%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Before introduction of
ETCETC utilization rate 60%
140,000t CO2/yearreduction
(10,000t-CO2/ year)
ETC utilization rate and reduction of CO2 emissions
Elimination of traffic
congestion
ETC utilization rate
Congestion
congestion (km/hour/day) ETC utilization rate (%)
Status of congestion(Metropolitan Expressway)
Cause of congestion on expressways
Other 7%
Tollgates31%
Mergingsections
22%Sags and
tunnels40%
Mar. 2003 Mar. 2004 Mar 2005 Mar 2006 Mar. 2007
4
•Reducing personnel costs of toll collectors resolves the problem of the high operating cost of toll gates at the same time as installation costs are cut by the simplified IC structure.
•Smart IC that were tested by field trials beginning in 2004 gradually came into full use beginning in October 2006, and are in operation at 31 locations nationwide on April 1 2007.
3) Introduction and effectiveness of Smart Interchanges3) Introduction and effectiveness of Smart Interchanges
Smart IC(SP – PA connected type)
Main lanes of the Main lanes of the expresswayexpressway
SASA--PAPA
Smart ICSmart IC
Ordinary Ordinary RoadRoadETCETC
ETCETC
Smart IC (for use only by ETC equipped vehicles)
Road side radio equipment (DSRC Antenna)
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
Jan.2005
Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.2006
Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.2007
Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug.
4,190
サービス数 4/4利用時間 24H
(Vehicles/day) Changing Number of users of Komayose PA (Gunma Prefecture) Smart IC
Maximum daily traffic volume (vehicles/day) *Maximum traffic volume in the monthAverage daily traffic volume (vehicles/day) *Average traffic volume in the month
1. State of ETC in Japan1. State of ETC in Japan
5
Reduction of transportation time to an advanced Reduction of transportation time to an advanced medical treatment institutionmedical treatment institution
Contribution to stimulation of surrounding regionContribution to stimulation of surrounding region
•The introduction of Smart IC cut transportation time to an advanced medical treatment institution and contributes to the economic revitalization of the surrounding region.
3) Introduction and effectiveness of Smart Interchanges3) Introduction and effectiveness of Smart Interchanges
Sagae Smart IC
Hospital
IC
After opening of Smart ICBefore opening of Smart IC
←名古屋方面
東京方面→(磐田IC)
商業用地
工業用地
工業用地
工業用地
商業用地
(調整池)遠州豊田PA
(上り)
遠州豊田PA(下り)
遠州豊田スマートIC
東名高速道路←名古屋方面
東京方面→
(磐田IC)
商業用地
工業用地
工業用地
工業用地
商業用地
(調整池)
市道 豊田東原線 W=10m L=600m
都市計画道路 富里大久保線 W=18m L=1540m
遠州豊田PA(上り)
遠州豊田PA(下り)
13 factories etc.1 large commercial facility
1 hotel
Industrial land
Industrial land
Industrial land
Com
mer
cial
land
Commercial land
Regulating pondEnshu-ToyodaSmart IC
To Nagoya
To Tokyo(Iwata IC)PA(inbound)
PA(outbound) Tomei Expressway
Callers life saving curve
Dea
th ra
te
30 sec. 1 min. 1 hourLapsed time
Respirations stops
Location decisionsLocation decisions
1. State of ETC in Japan1. State of ETC in Japan
Heart stopped
Heavy bleeding
Transportation in medical emergencies (using Smart IC)642 times (end of Sept. 2006)
Ave. 1.0 times/day
Before opening of Smart IC: 16 min.
After opening of Smart IC: 13 min.
3 min. reduction
Contribution to emergency life-saving
6
•Beginning on November 1, 2006, full-scale operation of this service started on expressways nationwide, installing the system on about 50,000 motorcycles (the end of August 2007).
•The results of the trial involving 200,000 motorcycles have confirmed the safety of the service and good operation of the communication equipment. It was also confirmed that the ETC service has a lot of benefits to use and that 96% of the users want to continue using it.
4) Start of motorcycle ETC service4) Start of motorcycle ETC service
Shortening the bar (gap approx.1.5m)
70%68%
64%53%
50%29%
8%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
No need to take out walletCan pass through without stopping
Do not have to receive a ticketCan obtain an ETC discountShort payment waiting time
Do not have to worry about carrying enough cash
Others
Benefits of motorcycle ETC
Source: Highway Industry Development Organization
Motorcycle use ETC onboard unit
Photo provided by NMCA
Cumulative number of ETC equipped motorcycles
Desire to use motorcycle ETC after completion of public trial
Source: Highway Industry Development Organization
Q. Do you still want to use ETC on your motorcycle after the trial?
I definitely want to use it 96%
Can’t say1%
I probably want to use it.
3%
• I probably don’t want to use it (0%)• I definitely do not want to use it (0%)
6444,232
8,207
13,235
18,788
24,546
30,355
35,704
41,096
46,55751,168
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
Oct. 06 Nov.06 Dec. 06Jan. 07 Feb. 07 Mar 07 Apr.07 May 07 Jun. 07 Jul. 07 Aug. 07
Num
ber o
f ETC
equ
ippe
d m
otor
cycl
es
Onboard unit
Antenna and indicator
1. State of ETC in Japan1. State of ETC in Japan
7
Toll payments on public toll roads Registration Service
provision
Service provider
Vehicle number system (advance registration system)
1) Multi1) Multi--purpose use (overall service image)purpose use (overall service image)
2. Efforts to promote the increased use 2. Efforts to promote the increased use of ETCof ETC
Other specific customer services
Providing information about neighborhood stores
Providing discount information
Cashless payment at parking areas
Simplification of ferry boarding procedures
Transmission of information to ETC linked cell phones
ETC linked electronic toll payment service
Advancing customer control by obtaining customer information
<Contents of major services> <Examples of service development>
New ETC based Services Expansion of methods of using ETC
ETC Services
•Since April 2006, private companies etc. can use ETC on-board systems that had formerly only been useable on public toll roads.
Ordinary Drivers
from toll roads to premises.
8
1) Multi1) Multi--purpose use (service development image)purpose use (service development image)•Services using ETC at parking areas, gas stations, and at ferries are being developed.
2. Efforts to promote the increased use 2. Efforts to promote the increased use of ETC of ETC
Electronic fee paymentDrive through
Harbor
Electronic fee payment at airport parking areas
Simplifying boarding ferries
P
Electronic fee payment
Advanced customer managementStore
Parking area
“Vehicle No. ----, please move to the front of the station.”
Taxi pool
Electronic fee payment
Station Taxi control system
• Applying ETC to control taxis waiting for customers in front of a station
• Improvement in the efficiency of a system thatreduces congestion by waiting taxis
• Quick clarification of customers’ visits
• Specialized handling of best customers.
• Sharply shortening ferry boarding time
• Eliminates need to prepare coins
• Transmitting information about neighborhood stores
ETC
ETC
• Eliminates need to pull to the side and prepare coins to pay fees.
• Transmits information about neighborhood stores.
Airport
Gas station
9
•Public trials of fee payment service using ETC on-board equipment have been carried out since 2005 at public parking areas in four locations (Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, and Sapporo).
•Almost all users state that the ticketless payment service is convenient.
2) 2) Field trials of ETC at public parking areasField trials of ETC at public parking areas
No. 4 Parking Area in Nishi-shinjuku in Tokyo
Sakura-bashi Parking Area in Osaka
Source: Parking Facility Provision Association
71
54
61
59
27
41
36
38
1
5
2
2
Extremely Convenient
Somewhat convenient
Not very convenient
1
1
Inconvenient
1
1
No response
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Legend
大曽根n=90
桜橋n=142
北一条n=216
西新宿n=135
Sapporo
Nagoya
Osaka
TokyoHandicapped parking space guidance system
Evaluations of ticketless payment service
Source: Japan Parking Facility Provision Organization
Sapporo
Nagoya
Osaka
Tokyo
71
54
61
59
27
41
36
38
1
5
2
2 1
1
1
1
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Legend
n=90
n=142
n=216
n=135
Extremely convenient Somewhat convenient
Not very convenient Inconvenient
No response
2. Efforts to promote the increased use 2. Efforts to promote the increased use of ETCof ETC
10
Points considered to be a burden when using parking areas
56.8%
68.2%
28.0%
76.4%
49.5%
58.6%
55.9%
80.9%
56.6%
68.4%
34.6%
51.5%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
発券機や精算機に車を寄せること
身を乗り出しての操作
チケット受渡し・ボタン操作
精算時における駐車券、小銭の用意
発券や精算の時間
出庫待ち
•Reduction in the burden on elderly drivers.•Strong expectations of more convenient use of parking areas.
64.0
59.3
65.1
72.1
24.4
0.0
1.2
53.7
65.4
66.9
77.2
18.4
3.7
0.0
55.1
71.7
22.8
0.0
0.0
0 20 40 60 80 100
発券機や精算機に車を寄せなくて済むのは便利
高速以外に、より多くの駐車場で使えると便利
今後、高齢者となったときに駐車場の出入りが楽
その他
不明
(n=88)(n=136)(n=127)
図 駐車場ETCの普及を望む理由
2) Field trials of ETC at public parking areas2) Field trials of ETC at public parking areas
All
Elderly people
Nagoya
OsakaTokyo
Reasons for wanting ETC use to spread to parking areas
Pulling vehicle over to ticket issuing machine and calculating
machine
Leaning out of the car to operate the
machines
Receiving tickets and pushing buttons
Preparation of parking ticket and coins when settling the
payment
Ticket issuing and calculation time
Waiting to exit parking area
It would be convenient if vehicles could enter/exit the area more
quickly It would be convenient if drivers did not have
to pull their cars over to the ticket issuing and calculation machines.
Cashless payment would be convenient
It would be convenient if it could be used at more parking areas in addition
to expressways In the future, when I am elderly, it will be
easier to enter/exit parking areas
Others
No response
2. Efforts to promote the increased use 2. Efforts to promote the increased use of ETCof ETC
11
•Development of parking area payment services and gas station payment services etc. by private sector service providers
3) Examples of expected multi3) Examples of expected multi--purpose uses of ETC (parking areas, gas stations)purpose uses of ETC (parking areas, gas stations)
Department store etc. parking area payment service Gas station payment service
•Payment for refueling or car washing, etc.
•Provision of stamp rally, campaign information etc.
•Controlling entrance/exit of vehicles in parking areas at departments stores or shopping centers
•Automatic parking fee discount services
Source: ITS Business Applications
2. Efforts to promote the increased use 2. Efforts to promote the increased use of ETCof ETC
12
•A service will be introduced to collect tolls on this private toll roads and at the same time to transmit information about discount rates at nearby hotels etc. and discount admission fees to tourist facilities to user’s pre-registered cell phones.
3) Examples of expected multi3) Examples of expected multi--purpose uses of ETC (Private toll road)purpose uses of ETC (Private toll road)
Privately operated toll road payment service and information distribution service
Discount information and coupons are transmitted to cell-phone mail address registered when the user first used the service
Discount information for users of a privately operated toll road service• Gasoline discount 3yen/l• Lodging cost discount 1,000yen • Same-day return hot spring discount 100yen• Museum admission discount 50~200yen
2. Efforts to promote the increased use 2. Efforts to promote the increased use of ETCof ETC
13
•ETC ferry boarding procedures has been carried out on a car ferry.•Using pre-registered ETC information sharply simplifies procedures.
3) Examples of expected multi3) Examples of expected multi--purpose uses of ETC (car ferry)purpose uses of ETC (car ferry)
Sharply shortening procedure timeSharply shortening procedure time
Stopping temporarily at boarding gate
Conventional boarding procedures
Parking in the waiting lane as instructed by attendant
Leaving the car to perform boarding procedures at the counter (vehicle
information verification etc.)
Paying fee at the counter
Receiving boarding ticket at counter
Returning to car and boarding ferry
Advanced registration (1 time only)
Ferry boarding procedure with ETC
Temporarily stopping at entrance gate
Immediately receiving boarding
ticket
Boarding
Simplified procedures
15 to 20 mi15 to 20 min.n.(at busy times)(at busy times)
About 10 About 10 secondsseconds
2. Efforts to promote the increased use 2. Efforts to promote the increased use of ETCof ETC
14
Technical Tour in TokyoOct. 15–17, 2007
•The Technical Tour (TT-5) will be held from October 15 to 17, 2007
SmartwaySmartway 20072007
15
ThankThank YouYou !!