New beams from the SPIRAL 1 upgrade:status and perspectives

P. Delahaye for the Upgrade SPIRAL 1 team

SPIRAL 1

Upgrade

SPIRAL upgrade in a nutshellExtending the number of elements produced by the ISOL method at SPIRAL

1+ ionisation: VADIS from ISOLDE1+ beams from metallic elements with Tfusion <2000°C

Conversion from 1+ to n+: Phoenix boosterAlmost chemistry independant, charge breeding times from 10 to ~200ms

SPIRAL upgrade in a nutshellExtending the number of elements produced by the ISOL method at SPIRAL

Feb 2016 - workshop in preparation of the GANIL PAC meeting: 103 beams discussed5 accepted proposals and 12 LoIs submitted in June 2016

• LoIs Including AGATA, AGATA/MUGAST, ACTAR and LISE experiments

Beams SpokespersonRequested I (pps) Energy

Experiment n°

Target and Ion source / Primary beam

38mK G. De France 5.00E+05 9 AMeV E737 C + FEBIAD / 40Ca

17F G. Grinyer 1.00E+05 7 AMeV E750 C + FEBIAD / 20Ne

20-21O De Souza et al 2E4/1E4 2.7 AMeV E739 C + Nanogan / 22Ne + 26Mg

14O I. Stefan 3.00E+05 7.5 AMeV E744 C + Nanogan / 16O

32Ar B. Fernandez Domin. 1.00E+02 5.5 AMeV E751 C + Nanogan / 36Ar

New FEBIAD source! (ISOLDE VADIS)

• Preparation of 2 upcoming experiments with the new beams of the upgrade - 2018

first experiments with the new beams from the SPIRAL 1 upgrade

Beam

Recoil

protonResonance

region17F+p reaction in inverse kinematics• 17F beam @ 5×104 /s (SPIRAL upgrade)• Excitation functions for 17F+p scattering over a broad range of 18Ne resonances• Direct observation of 2p and α decays

14O + α 18Ne* 17F + p : possible CNO cycle breakout

E750 :Study of the 6.15 MeV resonance in 18Ne decay for X-ray bursts and novae (T9 > 0.1)– G. Grinyer, T. Roger et al.

38K m Isomeric beam 0+ (T1/2=924 ms)

EXOGAM

Pb

Silicon detector

Minimum intensity of 5.105 pps at 9 MeV/A

De France, Clément et al.

E737: Isospin mixing measurement in at SPIRAL 1 using 38K alkaline beamG.de France , E.Clément, P.Van Isacker et al.

ACTAR TPC

Coulomb excitation of a 38mK beam for a direct measurement of the Isospin mixing angle in the A=38 multiplet

If ACTAR is operational!Test foreseen in November

Feasibility early 2018 is under evaluation

FEBIAD source - reminder

Already 7 new elementsNa, Mg, Al, P, Cl, Cu, Fe+ many more to come

ISOLDE VADIS

1+ beams from metallicelements with Tfusion <2000°C

Day 1 beams from FEBIAD TIS test results with36Ar@95AMeV at nominal power at SPIRAL 1

2014- 2015: reliability tests• Failing BeO insulators exchanged• High voltage discharges at extraction fixedMore than 3 weeks running with stable efficiencies

2011 -2013 - Different tests at SIRA and SPIRAL 1Coupling of the SPIRAL 1 targets with the VADISDilatation problems are fixedIon source sliding against its axisoven attached to container Record temperature of 2400°C attained

Dec. 2013: tests at nominal power at SPIRAL 1

O. Bajeat et al, NIM B 317(2013)411

P. Chauveau et al, NIM B 376(2016)35

FEBIAD source - status

2 ion target ion sources•1 in assembly•1 conditioned on the SPIRAL 1 test bench

Intensity increase to be confirmed on long term*Yield estimates use conservative efficiencies*

4990 4992 4994 4996 4998 5000 5002 5004 5006

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Co

mp

tag

e

Tension des grilles (V)

Energy profile measurement

Charge breeding efficiency depends on dE

Simulations: M. Herbane, LPC Caen

A

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 50 100 150 200 250

MK5 ISOLDE

VADIS ISOLDE

VADIS GANIL

MK5 ALTO

IRENA ALTO

Ref: L. Penescu et al, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, P. Chauveau et al, NIM B 376, S. Essabaa et al NIM A 317

Ionisation efficiency measurements

h%

He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

Using a calibrated leak with gas injection: h= I1+/Igaz

Latest @ GANIL

With Xe injection

?

?

Phoenix ECR charge breederFormer ISOLDE ECR charge breeder Upgraded with new Al plasma chamber, UHV vacuum,2 RF ports and gas injection, injection triplet, mobile injection and puller electrodes

Tested at LPSC in summer 2015

1+

High efficiencies with stable beamsRare gases and alkalis

With contributions from

L. Maunoury et al, Rev Sci Instrum. 87(2016)02B508

Phoenix ECR charge breeder

Injection C. B

Extraction

Qpoles

2016 – installation in the GANIL beam lines

Cabling, supplies, RF and slow control tests: first semester of 2017

Commissioning tests: Run 1 & 2 (July)

L. Maunoury et al, to be presented at the ICIS 2017 conference

First tests of the charge breeder with stable alkali ions at SPIRAL

Degraded conditions:No gas controlNo standalone DV power supplyNo motorisation of injection and puller electrodesDischarges limiting the injection triplet

Phoenix ECR charge breeder

Close to efficiencies measured in 2015 at LPSCPossible optimizations with higher B field at injection, as shown with LPSC CB

Noble gasesAlkaline elements

- Cable shaft sealing - done- Nuclear ventilation adjustment -ongoing- Tape station and gas storage automats -ongoing

-FEBIAD preparation* Efficiencies verification* Energy dispersion measurement- Pursuing charge breeding stable beam tests- End of civil engineering work

- Triplet repair -done- Additional steerer installation DC14HO - done- DV power supply consolidation -ongoing- Motorization of injection/extraction electrodes - ongoing- Injection yoke replacement for higher B field - done- Plasma electrode repositioning - done- On-off measurement - ongoing

Sep

tem

ber

Oct

ob

erN

ove

mb

er-

Dec

emb

er

First quarter of2018

Annual maintenanceInternal safety authorization for RIB production: Documentation

Charge breeder: Ongoing work

Charge breeder: run 323/10/2017

Test Ventilation Nucléaire24/10/201725/10/2017

Redémarrage de tout l'ensemble SP126/10/201727/10/201728/10/201729/10/201730/10/2017

Optique 39Na+ / 39Nan+31/10/2017

01/11/2017

02/11/2017 Optique 39Na+ / 39Nan+

03/11/2017 84Kr17+ CIME04/11/2017

05/11/2017 G. France T17-0506/11/2017

Optique 39K+ / 39Kn+

Shooting through 39K+

07/11/2017

08/11/2017

09/11/201710/11/2017 84Kr17+ CIME11/11/2017

12/11/2017 A. Dubois T17-0413/11/2017

Faisceau accéléré CIME 39-41Kn+

Test dq/m

14/11/201715/11/201716/11/201717/11/201718/11/2017

Tests PhD Arun19/11/201720/11/2017

Test dq/m 39-41Kn+21/11/201722/11/201723/11/201724/11/201725/11/2017

Test PhD Arun26/11/201727/11/2017

Test 7Li1+ / 7Lin+

Test 85Rb1+ / 85Rbn+

28/11/201729/11/201730/11/201701/12/201702/12/2017

Test PhD Arun03/12/2017

04/12/2017 Fin des Tests

Nuclear ventilation tests Beam optics verification

• With repaired triplet• Reproducing exp. results with cosy infinity

Test of acceleration in CIME Test of A/q change

•Mimicing a change from stable to radioactive beams

Completing tests with other alkali elements•Li and Rb

Investigation of charge breeding time (A. Annaluru ’s PhD)

on-off measurements

10/25th – 12/04th

Overall scheduleSPIRAL 2 week 11/2016

Delays…

RIB second semester of 2017

Presentation M. Dubois

Overall schedulePresent situation

Delays…

RIB commissioning first run of 2018 for experiments thereafter

Delayed civil engineering:Cable shafts sealing

Delayed technical integration:Slow control tests to be finished

Delayed commissioning tests:Failing plasma electrode

Presentation M. DuboisGANISOL meeting 18/09/2017

Starting commissioning on time, but…

Radioactive ion beam commissioningA - Preparation of first experiments• Direct isospin mixing measurement in Coulomb excitation of an 38mK isomeric beam from SPIRAL1, G.De France et al (E737)

38mK from 58Ni fragmentation ok but not from transfer reaction with 36Ar Population of the isomeric state depends on the reaction mechanism!

Testing 38mK from 40Ca fragmentation

• Resonant proton elastic scattering on 17F and 2-proton emission from excited states in 18Ne, G. F. Grinyer et al (E750)

17F was observed as BeF molecule with dissociating BeO insulatorF atomic beams in principle well produced with FEBIAD sources …

Testing 17F production from 20Ne/40Ca fragmentation

2018 – run 1

Beyond commissioning…To longer term: 2018-…From day 1 beams…

ISOLDE FEBIAD + Graphite targets

New targets: Fragmentation targets

•Nb target design is ongoing•Others under study (SiC, Al2O3, CaO…)

Fusion evaporation targets• thin Ni target (PhD thesis V. Kuchi)

+ ion source developmentsCollaborations within EURISOL/Beamlab within ENSAR2

Organisation of the target and ion source R&D

Delay

(Month)

Number

of TISS

12 1

18 1

24 1 to 2

36 1 to >2

12

12 + 36 (PhD student)

Already exists

To be tested

To be improved and tested

To be designed and tested

Difficult

GPI HR (supply,

assembling, test) MM

4

6

25->50k€

4 MM

1 MM

1 MMSafety evaluation

Ressources for 1 TISS

Cost

Design

Quotation

Different developments• Testing production with new primary beam on C target• New Target or … new ion source

GANISOLISOL beams for GANILEvaluation in reviews after each PAC meeting

Direction + TISS developpers + 4 external physicists (T. Stora, M. Assié, B. Blank, N. Orr)

List of priorities - from Review 2016/07Test of new beams with C targets1) 30P and 25Al from 40Ca fragmentation2) 56Ni, 48Cr from fragmentation of 58Ni. For 56Ni: 56Co contamination to evaluate.3) Beams (79Se, 60Fe, 67As) from 86Kr fragmentation.Development of new targets1) Nb for production of high intensities for beams with 30<Z<401) ex aequo Fusion evaporation targets (N=Z nuclei)

All science driven (LoIs)

Radioactive ion beam commissioningA - Preparation of first experiments• Direct isospin mixing measurement in Coulomb excitation of an 38mK isomeric beam from SPIRAL1, G.De France et al (E737)

38mK from 58Ni fragmentation ok but not from transfer reaction with 36Ar Population of the isomeric state depends on the reaction mechanism!

Testing 38mK from 40Ca fragmentation

• Resonant proton elastic scattering on 17F and 2-proton emission from excited states in 18Ne, G. F. Grinyer et al (E750)

17F was observed as BeF molecule with dissociating BeO insulatorF atomic beams in principle well produced with FEBIAD sources …

Testing 17F production from 20Ne/40Ca fragmentation

C- First experiments - E737 (38mK) or E750 (17F)

B- Yield checks for future experiments - Priorities from GANISOL review 2016/7/4

• From 40Ca fragmentation: test of of production of 25Al and 30P (LoI De Séréville et al)

• If possible• test of production of 56Ni from the fragmentation of 58Ni (LoI Assié et al)• test of production of isotopes heavier than A> 50 from the fragmentation of 86Kr(LoI Beaumel et al, LoIMengoni et al, LoI De Angelis et al)

2018 – run 1

2018 – run 1

2018 or 2019

Ongoing developmentsTo be tested at SPIRAL at the earliest in 2019A – Nb target development• A>60 isotopes such as 67As, 72Kr, 74Rb, 79Se

List of priorities from the GANISOL review 2016, July 4th

Stack of foldedNb foils

Test in 2018: target heating in furnace - up to 2000°C• Behavior of Nb foils stack at high temperature• Adaptation of foil thickness and stacking procedure according to results

Most pieces received for the tests

Online version: cooled catcher for the power dissipation of the Bragg peakPrimary beam: 12C at 95MeV/u

Feasibility test 2018First online test earliest in 2019

Fragmentation targets

Ongoing developmentsTo be tested at SPIRAL at the earliest in 2020B – Fusion evaporation target ion source development• neutron deficient isotopes such as 74Rb, 114Cs, N=Z for DESIR

List of priorities from the GANISOL review 2016, July 4th

ECS fusion evaporation V. Kuchi, P. Jardin

19

Fusion evaporation targets

Collaboration with IPN Orsay – first test possible in 2019 with the Tandem

Offline test 2017-2018Ionisation efficiency and rapiditymeasurementOnline test at ALTO earliest 2019Online test at SPIRAL earliest 2020

Perspectives

• New targets

• New acceleration schemes

– CIME upgrade for astrophysics

– EBIS charge breeder for higher energies

Evaluation is required

Started, ongoing developments

Perspectives

• New targets

• New acceleration schemes

– CIME upgrade for astrophysics

– EBIS charge breeder for higher energies

Lower energy beams with CIME

SPIRAL1 today 15O 1.2 MeV/u

The limit is 1.75 MeV/u

(Fro

m F

. Ch

auta

rd in

tern

al r

epo

rt)

CIME working Diagram

To maintain Vsource well above 10 kV (beam quality request) and to minimize the extraction energy W (physics request), one has to increase the injection radius Rinjec of the cyclotron for a fixed extraction radius. The design of a new inflector is necessary.

Astrophysical reactions

no beamno data

Novae X-ray bursts

Budget estimated to 20k€1 year postdoc~1 year work

Not a project: Evaluation is required

Perspectives

• New targets

• New acceleration schemes

– CIME upgrade for astrophysics

– EBIS charge breeder for higher energies

EBIS/T charge breeder principle

E. D. Donets, V. I. Ilyushchenko and V. A. Alpert, JINR-P7-4124, 1968E. D. Donets, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69(1998)614

REX-EBIS

TITAN – EBITJe~104A/cm2

Ie=5A

SPIRAL 1: E~20 AMeV possible for most beamsSPIRAL 2 Phase 2: 132Sn @15 AMeV possible

Budget estimated to ~2M€~4/5 years project

Investigation to be consolidated depending on interest!

Not a project: Evaluation is required

Conclusion

• SPIRAL 1 upgrade status– The FEBIAD source has been thoroughly tested and is ready for on-line

operation• >3 weeks operation has been proven possible • Stable efficiencies, some improvements possible (?)

– The SPIRAL 1 charge breeder has been installed in the beam lines and confirmperformances shown in LPSC • Efficiencies and charge breeding times are ok• Optimized magnetic configuration may give higher efficiencies• Ongoing work for reliable operation of slow control, beam optics

– Should be completed by Feb. 2018

– Documentation for internal safety authorization is being prepared• Should be completed by Feb. 2018

– The RIB commissioning is planned in beginning of run 1 • 17F and 38mK production test for accepted experiments• First experiments in the course of 2018 depends on the availability of experimental

setups

Conclusion

• Ongoing R&D for new beams– Priorities of R&D within GANISOL reviews after every PAC meeting– Beams from C target + FEBIAD

• Production tests of 25Al, 30P, possibly 56Ni during the RIB commissioning• Production tests of A> 50 beams from the fragmentation of 86Kr to be

scheduled

– New targets• Nb targets for the production of high intensities for 30<A<40

– First on-line tests at earliest 2019

• Fusion evaporation targets (N=Z / neutron deficient isotopes)– Program in collaboration with ALTO, first on-line test at SPIRAL earliest 2020

• Perspectives – Further Target ion sources developments for new beams (LoIs)– Not evaluated: extending the acceleration capabilities

• Towards lower energies (E<=1AMeV): CIME inflector modifications• Towards higher energies (E>15 AMeV): EBIS charge breeding

SPIRAL upgrade team

E. LienardG. BanX. Fléchard D. Durand

O. BajeatM. BaboP. Chauveau (now CSNSM)C. Couratin (now IKS leuven)

M. Dubois (chef de projet)P. Delahaye (resp. scientifique)M. FadilR. FrigotS. HormigosP. JardinP. LecomteN. LecesneL. MaunouryB. OsmondV. Toivanen (postdoc)E. Traykov (now IPHC)J. C. Thomas…

GANISOLISOL beams for GANIL

T. StoraC. SeiffertF. WenanderL. Penescu

J. AngotT. Lamy R. Vondrasek

Acknowledgements to

Backup slides

• UCx in SPIRAL 1

Comparison of scenarios

UCx at SPIRAL

Primary beam

2H at

40AMeV

2H at

95AMeV

3He at

95AMeV

12C at 95

AMeV

range (cm) 2 8.8 3.5 1.6

Nb of fissions/s for

1kW 1.40E+12 2.80E+12 9.80E+11 8.00E+10

Nb of pps for 1kW 7.8E+13 3.3E+13 2.2E+13 5.5E+12

SPIRAL 2 phase 2 : 40 MeV deuterons on a graphite converter

density

(g/cm3)

Power on converter

(kW)

Nb of

fissions/s

Day 1 target 3.2 50 2.5 1012

Nominal

target 11 200 2.8 1013

In target yield calculations: MCNPx : ISABEL + CEM + ABLA See M. Fadil’s poster

Timeline, budget gross estimates

Year T0 T0+1 T0+2 T0+3 T0+4 T0+5

Study (M€) 1,3

Investment

(M€)0,4 3.8 5 5 4 1,9

Human

resources (M€)0,5 0,25 0,125 0,125 0,125 0,075

6 to 7 years

Decree modification for • The UCx targets• The acceleration of light beams <12C with intensities > 2 1012 pps

Modification of the infrastructure 10 M€ UCx targets handling, light beam acceleration

Project contracting assistance: 2.4M€Target Ion Source Systems (TISS) and RILIS 3M€ System of isobaric separation 2M€ Provisioning a new cavity for the CSS 3M€ Risks 2M€ 16 FTEs 1.2 M€

22.6 M€

Thanks a lot for your attention!

Bertram Blank CENBG convener

François De Oliveira GANIL

Pierre Delahaye GANIL convener

Mickaël Dubois GANIL

Manssour Fadil GANIL

Fanny Farget GANIL

Hanna Franberg GANIL

Georgi Georgiev CSNSM Orsay

Fadi Ibrahim IPN Orsay

Pascal Jardin GANIL

Nathalie Lecesne GANIL

Xavier Ledoux GANIL

Marek Lewitowicz GANIL

Bertrand Rannou GANIL

Berta Rubio IFIC (CSIC, Valencia)

Hervé Savajols GANIL

Alain Savalle GANIL

Franck Varenne GANIL

David Verney IPN Orsay

WG2 participants

EBIS beam debuncher

• Linear RFQ under UHV

– RF for radial confinement (400V, 2MHz)

– DC potentials on the segments for longitunal space phase manipulation (a few 100V)

CW EBIS concept

Ongoing R&D within

E744 Search for -transition in the unbound 15FI. Stefan, V. Girard Alcindor, F. de Oliveira et al.

We observed a narrow resonance in 15F

De Grancey, F., Mercenne, A. . et al PLB, 758, 26-31.

(2016)

A ½- state located above the Coulomb barrier and just

above the 2p emission threshold.

A new experiment accepted at GANIL/SPIRAL1

Search for -transition in this unbound nucleus. We

propose to measure 14O(p,)15F(p)14OSPIRAL1 beam 14O >105 pps @7.5 AMeV

LISE2017 experimental setup (MUST2+EXL)

Motivations:

• Conflicting theoretical predictions (p,) ~ 1 mb ??

• Astrophysical application• Study of 2 proton emission mechanism• Structure of 15F

14O(p,p)14O

(E1)