.

-

- (Cognate and Non Cognate Language Families)

(Genetic Relationship) (Cognate) . (Non cognate) .

(Heritage Language)

, ,,

(Heritage Language)

, - ,

, ,

( . ,2008)

Cognate and Non-Cognate Languagess

. .

Cognate vs Non - Cognate

•

.

.

•

(Language contact )

.

-

.

(1956) (Linguistic area)

.

: (SOV) (Reduplication),-(Half-duplication)(Syllable based pronunciation system)(Alphabet system ) +

(Over and Under differentiation)

.

.

Sorrow,Mourning, Grief,Sad,

Condolence ,Bereavement ( ,2003)

, , , ,

- . . , ,

. - -

.

( )

1) 2) 3)

.-

Good morning Good evening

- Good Day Good Afternoon Good Night Good Bye

• • -, -, • -- • , , , , ...

-

•.• -. - “ ”•

-

: 1.- -/ - - 2.( ) () / / (-) ()

/ Usage of Taboos or Offensive words

••

/• - // / / /// / /

• , /• • • / / / • / / /• • , ,

///

•// //•/•-/-,// /-/•//•//•//•:-: , -,-!•/•! •

// Praise /Encouragement

/ ! /! !! ! /

!!

/

//

-.-

-

-

/

/

- ! .

-

 

-

. 

.

-

/

.  

-

  /( symbolic of a fraudulent person)   - /

- .

-,

- ! ?

-

(to feel shy )

/

.

- / -