New college

English

Unit Three

I Preparation II Reading Activities

III Further Development IV Translation & Writing

Part I Preparation

1. Group Discussion

2. Proverbs and Sayings

3. Short Speech

4. A Song -- Hero

Activity 1 Group Discussion

What does winning mean?

Step One

Walk around the classroom and ask five classmates about what winning means to each of them.

Activity 1 Group Discussion

Step Two Work in groups to put together the answers

you all got. Try to find the most popular understanding of winning among students and report it to the whole class.

The following words and phrases may be useful to you:

Wealth, achievement, contribution, overcome, hardship, background, get along with, deal with, champion, consider, health

People often ask me if I now the secret of success, and if I could tell others how to make their dreams come true. My answer is, you do it by work. —Walt Disney

人们经常问我是否知道成功的诀窍，能否告之如何使梦想成为现实, 我的回答是: 身体力行。

Will, work and wait are the three pyramidal cornerstones for success. —Louis Pasteur

意志、工作和等待是成功金字塔的基石。

Activity 2 proverbs and sayings

They all set models for the young. They are hardworking, brave and iron-

willed. They all played an important part in

the history of our human beings.

Activity 2 Guessing Work

He was born in Atlanta on January 15, 1929 After the bus boycott, he was elected president

and gained national prominence for his role in the campaign.

On August 28, 1963, more than 250, 000 protesters gathered in Washington, D.C., where he delivered a famous speech.

The speech is “I Have a Dream”.

Activity 2 Guessing work

Martin Luther King .Jr.Great Civil rights leader Famous speech “I Have A Dream”

Born on Oct. 28, 1955, he grew up in Seattle with his two sisters.

He discovered his interest in software and began programming computers at the age of 13.

He left Harvard to devote his energy to Microsoft, a company he started in 1975.

His foresight and his vision for personal computing have been central to the success of Microsoft and the software industry.

Activity 2 Guessing work

William H. GatesChairman and Chief Software ArchitectMicrosoft Corporation

She was Britain’s first woman Prime Minister She was born in 1925, the daughter of a grocer

who was active in local politics, eventually becoming mayor of Grantham.

As an undergraduate she was President of the Oxford University Conservative Association.

Her writings include two volumes of memoirs, The Downing Street Years (1993) and The Path to Power (1995).

Activity 2 Guessing work

Mrs. Margaret Thatcher

Britain's first woman Prime Minister.

Listen to a song Hero and try to answer questions:

Who is a true hero in your mind? What qualities should a hero have?

Activity 3 A Song -- Hero

Hero There's a hero

If you look inside your heartYou don't have to be afraidOf what you areThere's an answerIf you reach into your soulAnd the sorrow that you knowWill melt away

Activity 3 A Song -- Hero

And then a hero comes alongWith the strength to carry onAnd you cast your fears asideAnd you know you can surviveSo when you feel like hope is goneLook inside you and be strongAnd you'll finally see the truthThat a hero lies in you

Activity 3 A Song -- Hero

It's a long roadWhen you face the world aloneNo one reaches out a handFor you to holdYou can find loveIf you search within yourselfAnd the emptiness you feltWill disappear

Activity 3 A Song -- Hero

And then a hero comes alongWith the strength to carry onAnd you cast your fears asideAnd you know you can surviveSo when you feel like hope is goneLook inside you and be strongAnd you'll finally see the truthThat a hero lies in you

Activity 3 A Song -- Hero

Lord knowsDreams are hard to followBut don't let anyoneTear them awayHold onThere will be tomorrowIn timeYou'll find the way

Activity 3 A Song -- Hero

And then a hero comes alongWith the strength to carry onAnd you cast your fears asideAnd you know you can surviveSo when you feel like hope is goneLook inside you and be strongAnd you'll finally see the truthThat a hero lies in you

Activity 3 A Song -- Hero

People often ask me if I now the secret of success, and if I could tell others how to make their dreams come true. My answer is, you do it by work. —Walt Disney

人们经常问我是否知道成功的诀窍，能否告之如何使梦想成为现实, 我的回答是: 身体力行。

Will, work and wait are the three pyramidal cornerstones for success. —Louis Pasteur

意志、工作和等待是成功金字塔的基石。

Activity 4 proverbs and sayings

Part II Reading Activities

1. Pre-reading Questions

2. Text Organization

3. Sentence Study

4. Words & Phrases

Unit 3 Born to Win

What does the word “winner” mean What does the word “winner” mean in this article?in this article?

A winner is one who responds genuinely A winner is one who responds genuinely by being trustworthy and responsive, by being trustworthy and responsive, both as an individual and as a member both as an individual and as a member of society.of society.

Pre-reading Questions

What are the characteristics of a What are the characteristics of a winner?winner?

A winner is genuine.A winner is genuine. A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge.and to use his own knowledge.

A winner is flexible.A winner is flexible.

A winner has a love for life.A winner has a love for life.

A winner cares about the world and its people.A winner cares about the world and its people.

Pre-reading Questions

What are the characteristics of a What are the characteristics of a loser?loser?

A loser lacks an ability to appropriately A loser lacks an ability to appropriately express himself through a full range of express himself through a full range of possible behavior.possible behavior.

A loser has difficulty giving and A loser has difficulty giving and receiving love.receiving love.

Pre-reading Questions

Text OrganizationText Organization

Each person is born with what he needs to win at life.

A winner is one who responds genuinely by being trustworthy and responsive, both as an individual and as a member of a society.A loser is one who fails to respond genuinely.

Para.1 Introduction Introduction

Para. 2 The meanings of “winner” and “loser”

Para.3 Few people are winners and losers all the time.

A winner is genuine.A winner is genuine.A winner is independent in thinking.A winner is independent in thinking.A winner is flexible.A winner is flexible.A winner has a love for life.A winner has a love for life.A winner cares about the world and its people.A winner cares about the world and its people.

Para. 4-7 Characteristics of a winner

Text OrganizationText Organization

Para. 8—10 Losers

1. Possible causes:

poor nutrition, cruelty, unhappy relationships, disease, Continuing disappointments, and inadequate physical care, etc.

2. Characteristics of a loser

He is afraid to try new things.

A loser has difficulty giving and receiving love.

1.1. When we refer toWhen we refer to a person a person asas a winner, a winner, we do not we do not meanmean one who defeats the other person by one who defeats the other person by dominating and making him lose. dominating and making him lose. (Line 6)(Line 6)

Sentence Study

【句型 】

When we refer to… as…, we When we refer to… as…, we don’t mean…don’t mean…

当我们将当我们将 ············ 看作看作 ············ 的时候，我们并的时候，我们并不是说不是说 ············

【例句】

Sentence Study

When weWhen we refer torefer to a person a person asas a winner, a winner, we do not we do not meanmean oneone who makes someone else lose.who makes someone else lose.

当我们将某人称作胜者时，我们并非指他是一个当我们将某人称作胜者时，我们并非指他是一个致使他人一败涂地的人致使他人一败涂地的人 ..

When weWhen we refer torefer to the computer the computer asas the dominant the dominant machine in the future, machine in the future, we do not meanwe do not mean they will they will take the place of human beings. take the place of human beings.

当我们认为计算机是未来的主宰机器时，我们并当我们认为计算机是未来的主宰机器时，我们并不是说它们将会代替人类。不是说它们将会代替人类。

【译文】

Sentence Study

当我们把一个人称作是成功者时，我们所指的并不是那种通过优势控制他人、令其失败而获得成功的人。

2. 2. WithoutWithout guiltguilt he enjoyshe enjoys his own his own accomplishments. accomplishments. WithoutWithout envyenvy he he enjoysenjoys the accomplishments of others. the accomplishments of others. (Line 30)(Line 30)

Sentence Study

【句型】

这两句话既是排比，又有对比的这两句话既是排比，又有对比的意思。并且因为押头韵，读起来意思。并且因为押头韵，读起来琅琅上口，使文章增色不少。琅琅上口，使文章增色不少。

Sentence Study

【例句】WithoutWithout money I tell myself to work hard to money I tell myself to work hard to make more. make more. Without Without time I dream to pay for time I dream to pay for freedom. freedom. 没有钱的时候，我告诫自己努力工作挣更多没有钱的时候，我告诫自己努力工作挣更多的钱；没有时间的时候，我又梦想着用钱来的钱；没有时间的时候，我又梦想着用钱来买自由。买自由。

【译文】他能享受自己的成功而不感到愧疚，他也能他能享受自己的成功而不感到愧疚，他也能欣赏他人的成功而不感到妒忌。欣赏他人的成功而不感到妒忌。

3. Although people are born to win, they are also born totally dependent on their environment. (Line 36)

Sentence Study

主语的补足语，通常位于主语之前或主语的补足语，通常位于主语之前或谓语动词及分词之后，补充说明主语。谓语动词及分词之后，补充说明主语。

【译文】即使人们生来注定会成功，但也是生来即使人们生来注定会成功，但也是生来就要完全依赖于周围环境的就要完全依赖于周围环境的

【例句】

Sentence Study

1) 1) 主语补语位于主语之前，后有逗号主语补语位于主语之前，后有逗号Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.2) 2) 有时位于主语之后，前后皆有逗号有时位于主语之后，前后皆有逗号Chen, only 1.30 meters tall, won the first prize.3) 3) 位于谓语动词之后。位于谓语动词之后。He died young. He was found died.4) 4) 除形容词外，名词、数词、不定式、分词、除形容词外，名词、数词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句也可作主语补足语。介词短语、从句也可作主语补足语。He came home quite changed. 过去分词短语作过去分词短语作主语补足语主语补足语

4. Somewhere along the line losers begin to avoid becoming independent. (Line 38)

Sentence Study

【译文】在这一过程的某个时候，失败在这一过程的某个时候，失败者开始逃避独立。者开始逃避独立。

[用法 ]

Sentence Study

跟动名词作宾语的动词还有：跟动名词作宾语的动词还有：mind, mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, advocate, finish, enjoy, celebrate, advocate, suggest, delay, quit, forgive, admit, suggest, delay, quit, forgive, admit, tolerate, escape, consider, give up, be tolerate, escape, consider, give up, be capable of doing, have capable of doing, have trouble/difficult/a problem + doing, trouble/difficult/a problem + doing, succeed in doing, keep/prevent... succeed in doing, keep/prevent... from doing, cannot help/cannot help from doing, cannot help/cannot help but do, keep (on), spend + n. + doing, but do, keep (on), spend + n. + doing, be skilled/skillful at/in doingbe skilled/skillful at/in doing

【例句】

Sentence Study

You must You must avoid givingavoid giving any unnecessary any unnecessary information. information. 你应该尽量避免提供不必要的信息。你应该尽量避免提供不必要的信息。

China is to China is to avoid avoid experiencingexperiencing bigbig ups ups and downs in economy in the coming and downs in economy in the coming year.year.中国将在未来一年里避免经济有大的中国将在未来一年里避免经济有大的起伏起伏。。

Words & Phrases

1.1. uniqueunique (Line 1) adj.(Line 1) adj. being the only one being the only one

of its type of its type

唯一的，独一无二的；独特的，无双的唯一的，独一无二的；独特的，无双的

【例句】1)1) Drug abuse is by no means a unique problem to the region.Drug abuse is by no means a unique problem to the region.

2)2) That building is unique because all the others like it were That building is unique because all the others like it were destroyed.destroyed.

Words & Phrases

常用搭配常用搭配unique opportunityunique opportunity 千载难逢的机会千载难逢的机会

unique abilityunique ability 独有的能力独有的能力

unique work of artunique work of art 独一无二的艺术作品独一无二的艺术作品

unique talentunique talent 无与伦比的才能无与伦比的才能

unique wishunique wish 唯一的愿望唯一的愿望

Words & Phrases

2. 2. potentialpotential (Line 3(Line 3): 1)n.n. possibility possibility

for developing or being developed for developing or being developed

潜力；潜能 潜力；潜能 2) 2) adj.adj. that may happen or become so, that may happen or become so,

although not actually existing at present although not actually existing at present 潜在的潜在的 ;; 可能可能的 的 【例句】1)1)Athens Olympic gold medalists Li Ting and Sun Tiantian are Athens Olympic gold medalists Li Ting and Sun Tiantian are young tennis players with great potential.young tennis players with great potential.2)2)That type of MP3-capable mobile phone has a large potential That type of MP3-capable mobile phone has a large potential market.market.

Words & Phrases

3. 3. refer torefer to as as (Line 6)(Line 6)

mention or speak about someone or something mention or speak about someone or something

把把 ············ 称作称作

【例句】1)1)The speaker referred to him as an up-and-coming politician.The speaker referred to him as an up-and-coming politician.2)2)Chinese pop music fans refer to Hong Kong SAR veteran Chinese pop music fans refer to Hong Kong SAR veteran singers Liu Dehua, Zhang Xueyou, Li Ming and Guo Fucheng singers Liu Dehua, Zhang Xueyou, Li Ming and Guo Fucheng as “ Four Heavenly Kings”.as “ Four Heavenly Kings”.

Words & Phrases

4.4. dominate dominate (Line 7)(Line 7)

v.v. have or exercise control or power over have or exercise control or power over

支配；统治；控制支配；统治；控制 . . n. n. dominationdomination

【例句】1)1)CCapable leaders can dominate others by force of character.apable leaders can dominate others by force of character.

2) With remarkable skills and great confidence, Swiss Roger With remarkable skills and great confidence, Swiss Roger Federer can dominate today’s ultra-competitive men’s tennis Federer can dominate today’s ultra-competitive men’s tennis world.world.

Words & Phrases

5. 5. genuinelygenuinely (Line 8)(Line 8)

adv.adv. sincerely, truly, honestly sincerely, truly, honestly 真诚地；确实，真正地真诚地；确实，真正地

【例句】1) She was genuinely surprised about what he said. She was genuinely surprised about what he said.

2) The government’s new higher taxes are genuinely beginning The government’s new higher taxes are genuinely beginning to bite.to bite.

Words & Phrases

adj.adj. genuine:genuine:

real, not false; sincere; frankreal, not false; sincere; frank

1)1) 真的，名副其实的真的，名副其实的 ; 2); 2) 真诚的，真实的真诚的，真实的【例句】1)1)That jacket is made of genuine leather. That jacket is made of genuine leather. 2)2)His genuine speaking touched all the listeners. His genuine speaking touched all the listeners. 3)3)GGenuine gold/friend/support/painting enuine gold/friend/support/painting 真正的真正的 ············ genuine passion / affection / pride / desire / hatred / love / genuine passion / affection / pride / desire / hatred / love / regret / enthusiasm regret / enthusiasm 真实的真实的 ············

Words & Phrases

6. 6. capacitycapacity (Line 12)(Line 12)

n.n. 1) the ability to do a particular thing 1) the ability to do a particular thing 能力，才智能力，才智 2) the amount that something can hold or 2) the amount that something can hold or

contain contain

容量，容积，容纳力容量，容积，容纳力【例句】1) She has a mind of great capacityShe has a mind of great capacity. 2) That original novel in English is far beyond the capacity of That original novel in English is far beyond the capacity of those non-English major students. those non-English major students.

Words & Phrases

【例句】

4) That multimedia classroom 4) That multimedia classroom has a seating has a seating Capacity of 100 studentsCapacity of 100 students

5) The assembly hall was filled to capacity. The assembly hall was filled to capacity.

Words & Phrases

7. 7. capabilitycapability (Line 4) (Line 4)

n.n. the fact or quality of being able to do something the fact or quality of being able to do something

能力，才能能力，才能[[辨析辨析 ]] ability 指某一方面的才能，后通常接不定式。 e.g. That boy has the ability to write novels. e.g. That boy has the ability to write novels. capability 着重强调人的才干，其后可与 of/for doing 连 用。复数形式 capabilities 表示潜在的能力或尚未开发出来的能力。

Words & Phrases

e.g. e.g.

As an excellent table tennis player, Chinese As an excellent table tennis player, Chinese

Wang Hao has the capability of winning the Wang Hao has the capability of winning the

gold medal in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.gold medal in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

capacitycapacity 常指学习、理解能力或较全面的才能，其后可接常指学习、理解能力或较全面的才能，其后可接to do / of doing / for doingto do / of doing / for doing 。。e.g. I appreciated his capacity of/for making friends.I appreciated his capacity of/for making friends. 我欣赏他的交友能力。

Words & Phrases

8. 8. evaluateevaluate (Line 25)(Line 25)

v.v. calculate or judge the value or degree of calculate or judge the value or degree of

评价；评估，估计评价；评估，估计【例句】1) After careful evaluating After careful evaluating all the connoisseurs drew the same all the connoisseurs drew the same conclusion that the pottery was an antique of Ming Dynasty. conclusion that the pottery was an antique of Ming Dynasty. 2) The head coach will evaluate all the key factors very The head coach will evaluate all the key factors very carefully before deciding which player could take part in the carefully before deciding which player could take part in the upcoming Olympic Games.upcoming Olympic Games.

Words & Phrases

9. 9. flexibleflexible (Line 28)(Line 28)

adj.adj. 1) that can change or be changed to be suitable 1) that can change or be changed to be suitable

for new needs for new needs 灵活的，可变通的灵活的，可变通的 2) that can bend or be bent easily 2) that can bend or be bent easily 有弹性的，柔韧的有弹性的，柔韧的【例句】1)1)It is really necessary for that Oscar-winning actress to design It is really necessary for that Oscar-winning actress to design a flexible schedule to handle all kinds of social intercourses. a flexible schedule to handle all kinds of social intercourses. 2)2)A wise political leader should be flexible in dealing with A wise political leader should be flexible in dealing with various economic issues.various economic issues.

Words & Phrases

• 跳舞的人需要有柔软的身跳舞的人需要有柔软的身体。体。• 弹性塑料管弹性塑料管 • 灵活的计划灵活的计划 // 安排安排• 温顺的性格温顺的性格• 软线软线• 弹性工作时间弹性工作时间• 灵活的法则灵活的法则 // 原则原则• 灵活机动的战术灵活机动的战术• 灵活的决策体系灵活的决策体系

Dancers need to be flexible.Dancers need to be flexible.

flexible plastic tubingflexible plastic tubing

flexible flexible plans/arrangements plans/arrangements

a a flexible flexible character character

flexible flexible cord cord

flexible flexible working hoursworking hours

flexible flexible rules/principles rules/principles

flexible flexible strategy strategy

flexible flexible decision-making systemsdecision-making systems

Words & Phrases

10. 10. contributecontribute (Line 41)(Line 41)v.v. help in causing a situation, event, or condition help in causing a situation, event, or condition 有助于，促成有助于，促成【例句】1) Great psychological pressure Great psychological pressure contributed tocontributed to his failure in the his failure in the English Speaking Competition. English Speaking Competition.

2) Taking part in international matches regularly will contribute to the maturity of young players’ skills and state of mind.

Words & Phrases

11. 11. manipulatemanipulate (Line 47)(Line 47)

v.v. control or influence for one’s own purposes control or influence for one’s own purposes

操纵，控制，影响 操纵，控制，影响 n.n. manipulation manipulation

【例句】1)1)Both of the two candidates made use of various means toBoth of the two candidates made use of various means to manipulatemanipulate voters’ will. voters’ will.

2) Some political figures Some political figures indirectly manipulatedindirectly manipulated the stock the stock market behind the curtain.market behind the curtain.

1. Group Discussion

2. An Interview with a Successful Writer

Part III Further Development

Directions: Read the 3 stories in the book about Kim, John and James carefully.

Discuss in groups the following questions:

Do you think Kim, John and James are winners or losers? Why?

Winners or Losers?

Suppose you are now interviewing a successful writer. Ask him/her what he/she thinks are the three most important qualities that contributed to his/her success. The following are some words for you reference:

Positive attitude enthusiasm determination motivation confidence optimism dedication being in a good mood good listener patience experience luck opportunity interest cooperation hard work

Interview

Sample Answer

Interviewer: Good afternoon. I know you are a very famous writer. Could you please tell us what contributed to your success? That is, what do you think are the three most important qualities?

Writer: Thank you. As a matter of fact, it’s very hard to say what qualities are the most important. The qualities that contribute to success vary from person to person, or vary from time to time. You know I’ve been working very hard. So I think hard work should be one of the qualities.

Interview

Interviewer: OK, hard work. That’s good. Then could you please list the other two?

Writer: Yes. Since I am a writer, I think experience is also very important. Without experience, it will be very hard to do the writing, especially novels. If you want to tell others stories, you yourself should have a clear idea of what you are talking about.

Interviewer: Yes, I agree. I was wondering how you gained your experience.

Writer: Oh, through many different ways, such as traveling, talking with different sorts of people, taking different jobs.

Interview

Interviewer: Sounds interesting. What is the third quality, then?

Writer: The third one… I think it is imagination. As a writer, one must be imaginative. One has to picture the scene as if one were there on the spot.

Interviewer: Yes, I agree entirely. So in your opinion, they are hard work, experience, and imagination. Thank you very much for accepting the interview.

Interview

1. Translation Skills

2. Writing Practice

Part IV Translation & Writing

Translation Skills

汉译英省略译法汉译英省略译法

Translation Skills

1. 省略某些范畴词，如“问题”、“状态”、“工作”等。

2. 省略原文中的累赘语言。3. 省略原文中的重复部分。

e.g.

1. 我想跟多地了解美国的情况。

I would like to know more about the United States.

2. 在工作中，我们必须避免犯不必要的错误。

We must avoid making mistakes in our work.

3. 他爬起山来不急，也不喘，好像不快，可我们总是落在后边，跟不上。

He could walk up the hill easily without breathing hard while we had trouble catching up with him.

Translation Skills

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: My

Definition of Success. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

1. 我对成功的定义； 2. 对成功定义的详细阐述； 3. 小结。

Writing Practice

Sample Writing My Definition of Success Success is a magic word, and everyone is in constant

pursuit of success. But what exactly is success? Generally, success is the realization of one’s hopes and justified ideals. Under such a general notion , however, people have different understandings of success because the hopes and ideals they appreciate vary from individual to individual. In my point of view, the definition of success includes four steps: 1) a goal to set; 2) challenges to be met; 3) the process of surmounting difficulties, and 4) the reward of success.

Writing Practice

In the first step, one should set a goal that is worthy of pursuing and is attainable with effort. Then success begins the moment one starts to pursue the goal. Following the goal-setting, there should be challenges and the process of surmounting difficulties in the pursuit of the goal. These two steps are essential because success acquires its value in accepting challenges, in overcoming difficulties and in enduring hardships.

For instance, a person who inherits a huge amount of money from his parents cannot be

Writing Practice

called a successful person because there are no difficulties or hardships involved in his achieving wealth. The reward of success—the final step— is inseparable from the process of surmounting frustrations.

This is my definition of success. However, success is just like a multi-faceted diamond. Others may define it from other aspects. I will stick to my own definition, following the four-step path and holding the belief that I will become a potentially successful person in the near future.

Writing Practice

Thank YouThank You Thank YouThank You Thank YouThank You Thank YouThank You