New Cosmosworks 2006 Tutorials

Power Accuracy Functionality

6.0V E R S I O N

T u t o r i a l s

guideCover2.qxd 8/21/00 11:52 AM Page 1

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InformationNo material any form or without writ

As a conditiagree to accand other terLicense Agrsoftware. If,Agreement, conditions, pand all accoyour payme

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ANSYS is a trademark of SAS IP.

774 (fax)

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Portions of this software 1999 Unigraphics SolutionsTM, Inc.

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Portions of this software 1999 Solversoft, Inc.

Learning to

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q Design Study Concepts

q The COSMOS/Works Manager, and

q COSMOS/Works Analysis CapabilitiesUse COSMOS/Works 1-1 Introduction

is manual provides you with step-by-step tutorials to use COSMOS/Works. ese tutorials assume that you are familiar with SolidWorks. The tutorials are

ouped as follows

Static Analysis Tutorial

Contact Stress Analysis Tutorial

Importing Motion Loads

Frequency Analysis Tutorial

Buckling Analysis Tutorial

Thermal Analysis Tutorial

Optimization Analysis Tutorial

though you can begin with the tutorials, we recommend that you read the SMOS/Works Fundamentals, COSMOS/Works Interface, and Analysis

ckground chapters of the COSMOS/Works Users Guide to familiarize yourself th some of the fundamentals, including:

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COSMOS/Works Tutorial

Structural Research and Analysis Corporation continuously updates the COSMOS/Works program to improve accuracy and performance. Please note that when you try the tutorials in this manual, you may obtain slightly different results depending on the version of SolidWorks and COSMOS/Works installed on your computer.

Learning to

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qUse COSMOS/Works 2-1Static Analysis Tutorial

ter presents step-by-step lessons for performing linear static analysis.

Lesson 1: Analysis of a Bracket Part

Lesson 2: Analysis of a Crank Assembly

Lesson 3: Analysis of a Thin Bracket (Shell Model)Lesson 4: Analysis of an I-beam (Shell Model)Lesson 5: Analysis of a Funnel (Shell Model)Lesson 6: Analysis of a Fuel Storage Tank (Shell Model)Lesson 7: Analysis of a Pulley Under a Bearing Force

Lesson 8: Stress Concentration Around a Hole in a Plate

Chapter 2 Static Analysis Tutorial n Lesson 1: Analysis of a Bracket Part

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Lesson 1: Analysis of a Bracket Part

In this lesson, you will learn how to:q

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RetrieveTo ret

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4Retrieve a part and create a static analysis study,Assign material to the part,Insert restraints and pressure loading,Mesh the part,Run static analysis,Use COSMOS/Works menu system and new toolbars to perform analysis steps, andVisualize the static analysis results.

the Partrieve the part:

Start COSMOS/Works.Click File, Open. The Open dialog box opens.Change the Look in folder to ...\Examples where ... refers to the COSMOS/Works installation directory.From the Files of type drop-down list, select Part Files (*.prt; *.sldprt).

Learning to

5 Double-click the Tutor1.prt file. The part opens.

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If you do not see the COSMOS/Works menu in the SolidWorks menu bar, click Tools, Add-ins, then click the COSMOS/Works checkbox and click OK.

the unit options:

Click Tools, Options. The System Options-General dialog box opens.On the Document Properties tab, click Units.From the Linear units menu select Millimeters.Click OK.

We recommend that you use File, Save As to save the part to a different name before defining a study so that you can use the original file again.

Static Analysis Studye first step in performing analysis with COSMOS/Works is to create a design dy. You can use the COSMOS/Works Manager or the menu system to create d manage studies. We will use the COSMOS/Works Manager to manage all pects related to design analysis studies.


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To start the COSMOS/Works Manager:

Click the COSMOS/Works Manager icon located at the lower left corner of the window.

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COSMOS/Works Manager To return to the normal FeatureManager design tree, click the FeatureManager icon .

ate a static analysis study:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager, right-click the Tutor1 part icon and select Study,

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From COSMOS/Works menu, select Study,

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Click the Study button on COSMOS/Works Main toolbar.

The Study dialog box opens.Click the Add button. The Study Name dialog box opens.In the New Study field, type in the name of the study, for example, Static-1.From the Analysis Type drop-down list, choose Static (default).In the Mesh Type box, click the Solid button.Click OK. The study name appears in the Studies list box. Click OK.

the properties of the static study:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager, right-click the Static-1 study icon and select Properties. The Static dialog box opens.In the Solver box, make sure that FFE is selected.

Learning to

3 Click OK.

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n Material

ign a material from the COSMOS/M Library:In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click the Tutor1 icon under Solids folder and select Apply/Edit Material,

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From COSMOS/Works menu, click Apply Material to All,

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Click the Apply Material to All button on the COSMOS/Works Main toolbar.

The Material dialog box opens with the COSMOS/M Library tab selected.From the Material Type drop-down menu, verify that Steel is selected. In the Material Name list box, verify that Alloy Steel is selected.


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4 Optional: From the Unit System drop-down menu, click the desired system of units to use in displaying the material

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7properties.

In general, you can use any system of units regardless of the units you used to create the model.

Optional: From the Property Type drop-down menu, choose All, Structural, or Thermal. Only structural or thermal properties will be listed if you select Structural or Thermal, respectively.

The Unit System option is used for display convenience only when you select a material from the library. It does not change the actual values or affect the results. The proper unit system must be selected if you choose to input values for material properties manually.

Click OK. COSMOS/Works assigns Alloy Steel to the part. A checkmark appears on the part icon.

To list the properties of the applied material, right-click the Tutor1 icon under the Solids icon and click Details. The material information is listed in the Details window.

Learning to

Insert Loads and Boundary Conditions

For static analysis, you must apply sufficient restraints to stabilize the part and apply at least one type of loading. In this example, we will fix the two holes in the parts base and apply pressure normal to the front face of the cylinder.

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the two holes:

Select the face of one hole. Press and hold down the Ctrl key and select the face of the other hole. The two faces highlight as shown in the figure.In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click the Load/Restraint icon and select Restraints,

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From COSMOS/Works menu, select Insert, Restraints,

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Click the Restraint button on COSMOS/Works Loads toolbar.

The Restraints dialog box opens.

Fix these holes

Apply

pressure normal to this face


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3 From the Type box, select Immovable.

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4Optional: To change the color of the restraint symbol, click the Color button. The Color palette opens. Select the desired color and click OK.Click OK. Restraints are applied to the selected spotted faces and displayed in the selected color.

ply uniform pressure:

Select the front face of the cylinder. The face highlights.In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click the Load/Restraint icon and select Pressure,

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From COSMOS/Works menu, click Insert, Pressure,

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Click the Pressure button on COSMOS/Work Loads toolbar.

The Pressure dialog box opens. In the Type box, click the Normal to selected face button.In the Distribution box, make sure that Uniform is selected.

Learning to

5 From the Units menu, select English (IPS).6 In the Value field, enter 1000 to apply 1000 psi.

Although the unit of length for the model is millimeters, you can choose to

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Mesh thThofthiUse COSMOS/Works 2-9

specify pressure in any other system of units.

You can view the value of the applied pressure in other units by changing the unit field.

Click OK. The pressure is applied.

You can edit the definition of any load or boundary condition by right-clicking the corresponding icon in the COSMOS/Works Manager tree.

e Parte meshing process prepares the model for the numerical solution. The quality

the mesh controls the quality of the results. We will use high quality mesh for s part.


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To set mesh preferences:

1 In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click the Mesh icon and select Preferences. The

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1Preferences dialog box opens with the Mesh tab selected.In the Mesh Quality box, select High.

In the Mesh Control box, select Smooth Surface.

In the Mesher Type box, select Standard.

From the Jacobian Check menu, make sure that 4 Points is selected.Click OK.

sh the part:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click the Mesh icon and select Create.

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From COSMOS/Works menu, click Mesh, Create,

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Click the Mesh button on COSMOS/Works Main toolbar.

The Mesh dialog box opens and an average element size is suggested. You can change the element size by typing in its field or using the slider. A finer mesh gives more accurate results but requires more computer resources and takes more time to solve. In this example, however, we will use the default element size.

Learning to

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Click OK. The Mesh Progress window opens and the program starts meshing. After the mesh is completed, the Solid Mesh completed message appears.Click OK. Notice the checkmark that appears on the Mesh icon.

w the mesh:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click the Mesh icon and select Show Mesh. The mesh is displayed in the SolidWorks window.Right-click the Mesh icon again and select Hide Mesh to hide the mesh.Right-click the Mesh icon and select Details to display information about the mesh: global element size, tolerance, quality option, and the number of nodes and elements

u are now ready to run the analysis.


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Run Static Analysis

To run static analysis:

1 In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click the

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4Static-1 study icon and select Run,

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From COSMOS/Works menu, select Run,

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Click the Run button on COSMOS/Works Main toolbar.

Analysis starts. When the analysis is completed, you will get the Static Analysis Completed message.Click OK.

cessing Static ResultsSMOS/Works provides advanced high quality rendering and visualization tools

an option during result visualization. You can switch to the Standard result sualization scheme which is useful in the case of very large models.

culate the reaction forces on the faces of o holes:Hide the restraint and pressure symbols by right-clicking the Load/Restraint folder and selecting Hide All.Select the faces of the two holes as shown in figure.In the COSMOS/Works Manager, right-click the Displacement folder and select Reaction Force. The Reaction Force dialog box opens.From the Units menu, select lb. The sum of the reaction forces on the selected faces and on the entire model will be listed in the selected unit.

Select these faces

Learning to

To verify the results of the reaction force, multiply the area of the circular face (2.8389 in2) by the applied pressure (1000 psi) to get the reaction force on the entire model.

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culate the reaction forces on the vertical face:

Select the vertical face of the bracket.Right-click the Displacement folder and select Reaction Force.In the Reaction Force dialog box, change the Units field to lb. The sum of the reaction forces on the selected face will be listed. Note that the listed values are all zeros as expected.

culate the reaction forces on the bottom face of the bracket:

Select the bottom face of the bracket.Right-click the Displacement folder and select Reaction Force.In the Reaction Force dialog box, change the Units field to lb. The reaction force components will be listed. Note that the reaction force components in the X, Y, and Z directions are not zeros. This is due to the fact that the edges of the two holes are contributing to the reaction force on that face.

Select this face


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If you select the edges of the two holes and calculate the reaction forces, you should obtain the same values as those obtained when you select the bottom face.

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1 result visualization (Graphics) option:Click COSMOS/Works, Preferences. The Preferences setting box opens.Click the Graphics tab.In the Display box, click the Advanced button.Click OK.

in Standard Plots

n Mises Stress Plot

n Mises stresses are calculated m stress components in various

rections. They give an overall cture of the stress. Refer to the alysis Background chapter for more details.

t von Mises stresses:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, click the (+) sign to the left of the Stress folder. The Plot1 icon appears in the Stress folder.

Select this face

Learning to

2 Double-click the Plot1 icon.

By default, the stresses are plotted on the deformed shape.

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the color map of the plot:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click the Plot1 icon and select Color Map. The Color Map dialog box opens. The Color Map dialog box gives you 4 options, Default, Rainbow, Gray Scale, and User-defined. Make your selection and click OK.

If you select the User-defined option, you will need to specify the number of colors you want to use. You can use up to 9 base colors. To change or define a color, click its box, and choose a color from the color palette.

nge the stress units:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click the Plot1 icon in the Stress folder and select Edit Definition. The Stress Plot dialog box opens with the Properties tab selected.From the Stress Units menu, select the desired units and click OK.

mate the stress plot:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click the Plot1 icon in the Stress folder and select Animate. The Animation dialog box opens. Click the right arrow button to start the animation.Click the square button to stop the animation.Close the Animation dialog box.

You can save your animation as an AVI movie file by checking the Save As AVI checkbox.


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To view an AVI file with Media Player:

1 In the Animation dialog box, check Save As AVI file.

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RediCheck View with Media Player and click Browse to specify the path and name of the file.Click . The Video Compression dialog box opens.Accept the defaults and click OK.

uivalent Element Strain Plote equivalent element strains are calculated m strain components in various directions. fer to the Analysis Background chapter for

e definition of the equivalent element strain.

erate the equivalent element strain plot:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, click the (+) sign to the left of the Strain folder. The Plot1 icon appears.Double-click the Plot1 icon.

sultant Displacement Plot

sultant displacements are calculated from displacement components in various rections.

Learning to

To generate the resultant displacement plot:

1 In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, click the (+) sign to the left of

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the Displacement icon. The Plot1 icon appears.Double-click the Plot1 icon.

eformation Plot

erate the deformed shape plot:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, click the (+) sign to the left of the Deformation icon. The Plot1 icon appears.Double-click the Plot1 icon.


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Section Plot

To generate a section plot of the first principal stress:

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8In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click the Stress folder and select Define. The Stress Plot dialog box opens.Click the Display tab.From the Result Type box, click Node Values.

In the Plot Type box, click Section.

From the Fringe Type drop-down list, click Filled, Discrete.In the No. of Sections field, type in 1.From the Component drop-down list, click P1: Normal Stress (1st principal).Click OK. The section plot is generated and a new icon (Plot2) appears in the Stress folder of the study.

Learning to

To control the section plot:

1 In the COSMOS/Works Manager, right-click the Plot2 and select Clipping. The Section Clipping dialog box opens.

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In the Uncut field, select Fringe.In the Cut Direction field, select Outside.Click the Sensitive checkbox.Drag the sliders to modify the distance and orientation of the section.Click OK.

nge the cutting tool (primitive) for the section plot:Right-click the Plot2 icon in the Stress folder and click Edit Definition.Click the Display tab.Double-click the 0 Plane: in the cutting tool list box. The primitive selection menu opens.


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4 Click the desired primitive (Plane, Cylinder, or Sphere).5 Click OK.

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5erate a default design check plot:

Click the (+) sign next to the Design Check folder. The Plot1 icon appears.Double-click the Plot1 icon, the Design Check Wizard Step 1 of 3 window opens.Click the Maximum von Mises stress button.Click Next. The Design Check Wizard Step 2 of 3 window opens.In the Set stress limit box, click the to Yield strength button.

Learning to

6 Click Next. The Design Check Wizard Step 3 of 3 window opens.

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Click the Areas below factor of safety button and enter a value of 1 in the field next to it.Click Finish. Regions with a factor of safety less than 1 (unsafe regions) will be shown in red.

Unsafe regions


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Printing Plots

To print a plot:

1 In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click the

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plsit1icon of the plot you want to print and select Print. The Print dialog box opens.Set your printing options and click OK.

g Result plots:

e a plot as a BMP or VRML file:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager, double-click the icon of the plot.Right-click the plot icon and select Save As. The Save As dialog box opens.In the Save in field, specify the folder where the plot is to be saved. In the File name field, enter a name for the plot.In the Save as type field, select VRML files (*.wrl), Bitmap files (*.bmp), XGL files (*.xgl), or ZGL (*.zgl) files.Click Save.

ing a Report for the Studye Report utility

ovides an excellent y for reviews by lleagues and pervisors as well as acement on web es.

Click COSMOS/Works, Report. The Report setting box opens.

Learning to

2 Click the desired section in the Settings for list box for a preview of its contents.

3 Click Set to enter or modify its

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contents. The corresponding Set dialog box opens.Specify the desired information or make the desired change.Click OK.Repeat steps 2 through 5 for other sections. You can insert bitmap images, AVI movies, and VRML files in the appropriate sections.Click OK.

is lesson is completed.

Chapter 2 Static Analysis Tutorial n Lesson 2: Analysis of a Crank Assembly

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Lesson 2: Analysis of a Crank Assembly

In this lesson, we will analyze the crank subassembly shown below. This sub-assembly contains 4 components (parts) as follows:q

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Crank Arm Axle, and

Two Crank Arms.

this lesson, you will learn how to:

Retrieve the assembly,

Create a static analysis study,

Assign materials to the various components of the assembly,

Insert restraints and loads,

Mesh the assembly,

Learning to

q Run static analysis,

q Visualize the static analysis results,

q Create a frequency analysis study,

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Copy materials, restraints, and loads from the static analysis study,

Run frequency analysis, and

Visualize frequency analysis results.

A special authorization (intermediate configuration) is required to work with assemblies.

the Assembly

rieve the assembly:

Start SolidWorks.Click File, Open. The Open dialog box opens.

Change the Look in folder to ...\Examples where ... refers to the COSMOS/Works installation folder.From the Files of type field, select Assembly Files (*.asm; *.sldasm).Check the Preview checkbox.Double-click the Crank.ASM assembly file. The Crank assembly opens.


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If you do not see the COSMOS/Works menu, click Tools, Add-ins, then check the control box for COSMOS/Works and click OK.

To set

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Anstepa the unit of length:

Click Tools, Options. The System Options-General dialog box opens.On the Document Properties tab click Units.From the Linear units menu select Inches.Click OK.

We recommend that you click File, Save As to save the part to a different name before defining a study so that you can use the original file again.

alysis of assemblies in COSMOS/Works is simple and straightforward. The ps required to analyze an assembly are identical to those required to analyze a rt except for the option to apply different materials to different components.

Learning to

To start the COSMOS/Works Manager:

Click the COSMOS/Works Manager toggle icon located at the lower left corner of the SolidWorks window.

Create a1

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COSMOS/Works ManagerUse COSMOS/Works 2-27

Static Analysis StudyRight-click the Crank icon and select Study. The Study dialog box opens.Click Add. The Study Name dialog box opens.

In the New Study field, type in the name of the study, for example, Initial.From the Analysis Type drop-down list, select Static (default).In the Mesh Type box, click Solid.Click OK. The study name appears in the Studies list box.

Click OK to close the Study dialog box.

aterial for Each Component the assembly environment, the Solids folder contains an n for each component (part) of the assembly. The name

the part appears next to the corresponding material icon. u can assign a different material to each part, or one terial to all parts at once.


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To assign a material to the CrankArm Axle part:1 In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click CrankArm Axle-1 in the

Solids folder and select Apply/Edit Material. The Material dialog box opens with the COSMOS/M Library tab selected.

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2From the Material Type drop-down list make sure that Steel is selected.

From the Material Name list box, select Stainless Steel (ferritic).Click OK. The selected material will be assigned to the CrankArm Axle part.

ign materials to the other parts:

peat the steps above to assign Gray Cast Iron to CrankPulley-and Alloy Steel to CrankArm-1 and CrankArm-2.

If you have an assembly with the majority of the parts made of the same material, you can apply the following procedure:

Assign this material to all parts by right-clicking the Solids folder and selecting Apply Material to All.Edit the material definition for each part with a different material by right-clicking its icon and selecting Apply/Edit Material.

Learning to

Apply Loads and RestraintsWe will fix the outer face of the pulley, and apply a force in the negative X-direction to the face of one of the pedals.

To fix

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select thisUse COSMOS/Works 2-29

the outer face of the pulley:

Select the outer cylindrical face of the pulley. The face highlights.Right-click Load/Restraint folder and select Restraints. The Restraints dialog box opens.

Fix this face

Apply a force to this face in the negative X-direction

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3 In the Type box, select Immovable (No Translation).4 Click OK.

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select this ply uniform force to one of the pedals:

Select the face of the pedal of CrankArm-2. The face highlights as shown.Right-click the Load/Restraint folder and select Force. The Force dialog box opens.

face

Learning to

3 In the Type box, click Apply Force/Moment.4 From the Distribution box, make sure that Uniform

is selected.5

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From the Units drop-down list, select English (IPS).Click the Along Plane Dir1 checkbox.In the Value field, enter -200 (pounds).Click OK. The total force is applied.

e Assemblye whole assembly is meshed at once.

mesh preferences:

Right-click the Mesh icon and select Preferences. The Preferences dialog box opens with the Mesh tab selected.In the Mesh Quality box, click High.

In the Mesh Control box, select Smooth Surface.

In the Mesher Type box, select Standard.

In the Jacobian Check field, make sure that 4 Points is selected.Click OK.

sh the assembly:

Right-click the Mesh icon and select Create.In the Global Size field, enter 0.6 (inches).Click OK. The Mesh Progress window opens and the program starts meshing the parts one by one.


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To Show/Hide the mesh:1 Right-click the Mesh icon, and select Show Mesh.

The mesh is displayed as shown.2

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1Right-click the Mesh icon again and click Hide Mesh to hide the mesh,

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Click the Show/Hide Mesh button on COSMOS/Works Main toolbar.Right-click the Mesh icon and select Details to display information about the mesh: global element size, tolerance, quality option, and the number of nodes and elements.

tic Analysis

static analysis:

Right-click the Initial study icon and click Run. The analysis starts. When the analysis is completed, you will get the Static Analysis Completed message.Click OK.

e the Results of Static AnalysisSMOS/Works gives you the option to use the Standard or the Advanced

aphics for result visualization.

the graphics option:

Click COSMOS/Works, Preferences. The Preferences dialog box opens.Click the Graphics tab.In the Display box, click Advanced.Click OK.

Use the Standard option for very large models.

ises Plot

ualize von Mises Stresses:In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, click the (+) sign to the left of the Stress folder. The plot1 icon appears.

Learning to

2 Double-click the Plot1 icon. The von Mises stress plot is generated.3 To change the display units of the stress, right click the Plot1 icon and select

Edit Definition. The Stress Plot dialog box opens.4

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On the Properties tab, select psi from the Stress Units menu.


Right-click the Plot1 icon and select Animate.To save the animation as an AVI file, check the Save as AVI File box.To start the animation, click the play button .To stop the animation, click the stop button .Close the Animation dialog box.

nge the color map for the stress plot:

Right-click the Plot1 icon and click Color Map. The Color Map dialog box opens.From the drop-down list select a color map. The available color maps are: Default, Rainbow, Gray Scale. Enter the desired number of chart colors you want to use in the plot.After making your choice, click Apply to see the effect dynamically.


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5 Click OK.

To create your own color map:

1 Right-click the Plot1 icon and

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8select Color Map. The Color Map dialog box opens.From the drop-down list select User Define.

Enter the number of colors you want to use in the plot.Choose the colors you want to use. To change a color, click its box and select the desired one from the color palette.Click OK.

on Plots

erate a section plot:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click the Stress folder and select Define.On the Properties tab, select psi from the Stress Units menu.Click the Display tab.In the Plot Type box, click Section.

From the Fringe Type drop-down list, select Filled, Tone.From the No. of Sections menu, click the spin box to specify a number of sections, for example, 3.

Double-click 0 Plane: in the list box to select a cutting tool, for example, Cylinder.Repeat step 6 for 1 Plane and 2 Plane.

Learning to

9 Click OK. The section plot is generated.

To control the Section plot:1 Double-click the Plot2 icon under the Stress folder.2

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Right-click the Plot2 icon in the COSMOS/Works Manager and select Clipping. The Section Clipping dialog box opens.

From the Uncut Part drop-down list, select Fringe.From the Cut Direction drop-down list, select Both.Check the Sensitive checkbox.Modify the sections as desired using the sliders. To modify a section, click its tab and drag the Radius and Center sliders.Click OK.


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Vector Plot

To generate a vector plot:1 In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click the Stress folder and select

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6Define. The Stress Plot dialog box opens.

Click Display tab.In the Plot Type box, click Vector.From the Fringe Type drop-down list, select Filled, Discrete.In the Component list box, select P1: Normal stress (1st principal).Click OK.

Learning to

Generating a Report for the Study

To generate a report:

1 In the COSMOS/Works Manager, right-click the Initial study icon and select

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Report. The Report dialog box opens.Click a section in the Settings for list box to preview its contents.

Click Set. The corresponding Set dialog box opens.Edit the contents as desired and click OK.Repeat steps 2-3 for other sections of the report.For the result sections of the report, you may add AVI files, and image files as desired.


Chapter 2 Static Analysis Tutorial n Lesson 3: Analysis of a Thin Bracket (Shell Model)

2-38

Lesson 3: Analysis of a Thin Bracket (Shell Model)In this lesson, you will learn how to:

q

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Open th

To op

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5Open a part and create a static analysis study (shell elements),Assign material to the part,

Insert restraints and pressure loading,

Mesh the part with shell elements,

Run static analysis, and

Visualize the static analysis results.

e Part

en the part:

Click File, Open. The Open dialog box opens.Change the Look in folder to ...\Examples where ... refers to the COSMOS/Works installation folder. From the Files of type drop-down list, select Part Files (*.prt; *. sldprt).Double-click the sheet.prt file.Verify that COSMOS/Works appears in the top menu bar of SolidWorks.

Learning to

If you do not see the COSMOS/Works menu, click Tools, Add-Ins. Check the COSMOS/Works checkbox and click OK.

To verify the units:

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Create aThstudeme

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On the SolidWorks menu bar, click Tools, Options. On the Document Properties tab click Units.Make sure that Inches appears from the Linear units drop-down menu.Click OK.

At this point, we recommend that you click File, Save As to save the part with a different name before defining a study so that you can use the original file again.

fore performing the analysis with COSMOS/Works, we will scale the part wn by a factor of 0.1.

le the part:

Click Insert, Features, Scale. The Scale dialog box opens.In the Type box, make sure that Centroid appears in the About menu.Make sure also that the Uniform box is checked.In the Scaling factor field, type 0.1.Click OK. The model will be scaled down by the specified factor.

restore the normal view of the model, click the Zoom to Fit tool on the w toolbar.

Static Analysis Studye first step in performing analysis with COSMOS/Works is to create a design dy. We will use the COSMOS/Works Manager to manage all aspects related to sign analysis studies. Equivalent commands are available in the pull-down nus.

rt the COSMOS/Works Manager:

Click the COSMOS/Works Manager button located at the lower left corner of the window.


2-40

To create a static analysis study:

1 Right-click the Sheet part icon and select Study. The Study dialog box opens.

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3Click Add. The Study Name dialog box opens.In the New Study field, type in Shell as the name of the new study.From the Analysis Type drop-down list, select Static (default).In the Mesh Type box, click the Shell using midsurfaces button. The program displays a message about the limitations of shell modeling in this version.Read the message and click OK.Click OK. The study name appears in the Studies list box.Click OK.

e Properties of the Study

the properties of the study:

Right-click the study icon and select Properties. The Static dialog box opens. In the Solver box, make sure that FFEPlus is selected.Click OK.

FFE does not support high-order shells. If you choose FFE, the program will automatically switch to FFEPlus.

Learning to

Assign Material

To assign a material from the COSMOS/M Library:1 Right-click the Sheet icon in the Solids folder and select Apply/Edit Material.

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The Material dialog box opens with the COSMOS/M Library tab selected

From the Material Type drop-down list, verify that Steel is selected. From the Material Name list box, verify that Alloy Steel is selected.From the Unit System drop-down list, click the desired system of units to use it in displaying the properties.From the Property Type drop-down list, choose All.Click OK. The material is assigned to the part and a checkmark appears on the Sheet icon in the Materials folder.To verify the material assignment, right-click the Sheet icon and select Details.


2-42

Insert Loads and RestraintsWe will fix the three holes and apply pressure to the bottom plate.

To insert restraints:

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4Select the face of any hole. You can use the Zoom In tool to make sure you select the proper face.Hold down the Ctrl key and select the faces of the other holes. The selected faces should highlight as shown in the figure.In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click the Load/Restraint folder and select Restraints. The Restraints dialog box opens.

Notice that the Selected Entities box lists the number of selected faces, edges and vertices. In this case, 3 faces are selected.

From the Type box, verify that Fixed is selected to set all translations and rotations to zero.

Learning to

The Immovable option sets the translations to zero while the Fixed option sets both translations and rotations to zero.

5 Optional: To change the color of the restraint symbol, click the Color button. The Color palette opens. Select the desired color and click OK.

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The Units option is irrelevant when selecting Immovable or Fixed.

Click OK.

ert uniform pressure:

Select the face of the model shown in the figure.In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click the Load/Restraint and select Pressure. The Pressure dialogue box opens.

Notice that the Selected Entities box lists one selected face.

In the Type box, click Normal to selected face to apply pressure normal to the selected face.From the Distribution box, make sure that Uniform is selected.

Select this face


2-44

5 From the Units menu, select English (IPS).6 In the Value field, enter 1.00 to apply 1.00 psi.

You can list the value of the applied

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3pressure in other units by changing the unit field.

Click OK. The pressure is applied.

e Parte meshing process prepares the part for the merical solution. The quality of the mesh ntrols the quality of the results.

mesh preferences:

Right-click the Mesh icon and select Preferences. The Preferences dialog box opens with the Mesh tab selected.From the Mesh Quality box, click High.In the Mesh Control, check Smooth Surface and uncheck Automatic Transition.

In the Mesher Type box, select Standard.From the Jacobian Check drop-down menu, select 4 Points (default).Click OK.

sh the part:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click the Mesh icon and select Create. The Mesh dialog box opens and an average element size is suggested. We will use the default element size.

The Global Size and Tolerance are given in the preferred units used to create the part.

Click OK. The Mesh Progress window opens and the program starts meshing. After the mesh is completed, you will get the Shell Mesh completed message.Click OK. Notice that a check mark appears on the Mesh icon.

Learning to

To Show/Hide the mesh:1 Right-click the Mesh icon and select Show Mesh. The mesh is displayed as

shown.2

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Flip m

Stritsbeyome

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Byto Use COSMOS/Works 2-45

Right-click the Mesh icon again and select Hide Mesh to hide the mesh.Right-click the Mesh icon and select Details to display the information about the generated mesh.

isaligned shells

esses on the top face of a shell element are, in general, different from those on bottom face. Therefore, it is essential to align faces of adjacent shells properly fore running the analysis. After meshing is completed, COSMOS/Works allows u to easily identify top and bottom faces of shell elements. After showing the sh, top faces will be shown in the shaded color of the model and bottom faces ll be shown in the selected Fill Color in the Mesh Preferences dialog box. visual inspection of the model, you will find that there are two faces that have be flipped. These faces are shown in the following figure.


2-46

You may get different misaligned shells based on the version or service pack of SolidWorks that you are using. ,

To flip

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Run Sta

To run

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Flip these shell elements misaligned shells:

In the graphics area, select one of the faces shown in figure.In COSMOS/Works Manager, right-click the Mesh icon and select Flip shell elements. The shell elements will be flipped.Repeat steps 1-2 for the other face.


tic Analysis

static analysis:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click the Shell study icon and select Run. Static analysis starts. When the analysis is completed, you will get the Static Analysis completed message.Click OK. COSMOS/Works automatically creates postprocessing folders in the COSMOS/Works Manager tree. For static analysis, the program creates folders for stress, displacement, strain, deformed shape and design check results.

cessing Results of the Static Studyrst, let us generate the standard plots for static analysis.

Learning to

von Mises Stress Plot

Von Mises stresses are calculated based on the stress components. They give an overall picture of the stress field.

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t von Mises stresses on the top faces of the model:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, click the (+) sign to the left of the Stress icon. The Plot1 icon appears in the Stress folder.Double-click the Plot1 icon. The von Mises stress fringe plot is generated.

The default plots are always generated on the top faces of the shell model.

nge the units of the plot:

Right-click the Plot1 icon and select Edit Definition. The Stress Plot dialog box opens.On the Properties tab, select psi from the Stress Units menu.Click OK.


t von Mises stresses on the bottom faces of the model:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager, right-click the Plot1 icon and select Edit Definition. The Stress Plot dialog box opens.Click the Display tab. In the Plot Type box, select Bottom from the Shell Face drop-down menu.


2-48

4 Accept the rest of the defaults and click OK.

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3imate the stress plot:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click the Plot1 icon in the Stress folder and select Animate. The Animation dialog box opens.Click the right arrow button to start the animation.Click the square button to stop the animation.Close the Animation dialog box.


alent Element Strain Plot

t equivalent element strain:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, click the (+) sign to the left of the Strain icon. The Plot1 icon appears in the Strain folder.Double-click the Plot1 icon. The equivalent element strain fringe plot is generated.Click the Animate in the COSMOS/Works Manager to animate the plot as was described for the stress plot.

Learning to

Resultant Displacement Plot

To plot the resultant displacement:

1 In the COSMOS/Works

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Manager tree, click the (+) sign to the left of the Displacement icon. The Plot1 icon appears in the Displacement folder.Double-click the Plot1 icon. The resultant displacement fringe plot is generated.

mation Plot

erate the deformed shape plot:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, click the (+) sign to the left of the Deformation icon. The Plot1 icon appears in the Deformation folder.Double-click the Plot1 icon.

ng and Saving Plots

nt a plot:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, double-click the desired plot icon.Right-click the desired plot and select Print. The Print dialog box opens.Click OK to print.

e a plot as VRML or BMP file:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, double-click the desired plot.Right-click the desired plot and select Save As. The Save As dialog box opens.From the Save As Type drop-down list, select VRML files (*.wrl), or Bitmap files (*.bmp).Set the location and the name of the file.Click Save.


Chapter 2 Static Analysis Tutorial n Lesson 4: Analysis of an I-Beam (Shell Modeling)

2-50

Lesson 4: Analysis of an I-Beam (Shell Modeling)In this lesson, we will create two studies for the I-beam shown below. We will use shell meshing in the first study and solid meshing in the second study.

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en the part:

Click File, Open. The Open dialog box opens.Change the Look in folder to ...\Examples where ... refers to the folder of the COSMOS/Works installation.From the Files of type drop-down list, select Part Files (*.prt; *.sldprt).Double-click the Ibeam.SLDPRT file.

At this point, we recommend that you click File, Save As to save the part with a different name before defining a study so that you can use the original file again.

If you do not see the COSMOS/Works menu, click Tools, Add-ins, check the COSMOS/Works checkbox and click OK.

rt the COSMOS/Works Manager:Click the COSMOS/Works Manager icon located at the bottom of the FeatureManager window.

Static Analysis Study

ate a static analysis study:

On SolidWorks menu, click COSMOS/Works, Study. The Study dialog box opens.

COSMOS/Works Manager

Learning to

2 Click Add. The Study Name dialog box opens.3 In the New Study field, type Shell Study as the

name of the new study.4

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From the Analysis Type drop-down list, choose Static (default).In the Mesh Type box, click the Shell using midsurfaces button. The program displays a message that the shell modeling can be applied to thin parts only. Click OK.Click OK. You will return to the Study dialog box.Click OK.

n Material

ign a Material from the COSMOS/M Library:Right-click the Ibeam icon in the Solids folder and select Apply/Edit Material. The Material dialog box opens with the COSMOS/M Library tab selected.From the Material Type drop-down list, select Steel.From the Material Name list box, select Alloy Steel. Click OK. The material is assigned to the part.

Restraints and Loads

e will fix one end of the beam and apply normal pressure to the top flange.

one end of the beam:

Select the face at one end of the beam. The face highlights as shown.Right-click the Load/Restraint folder and select Restraints. The Restraints dialog box opens.

In the Selected Entities box, notice that one face is selected.

From the Type box, click Fixed.Click OK

Select this face


2-52

To apply uniform pressure to the flange:

1 Select the top face of the top flange. The face highlights as shown.

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Select this faceRight-click Load/Restraint folder and select Pressure. The Pressure dialog box opens.

In the Selected Entities list box, notice that one face is selected.

In the Type box, click Along plane Dir 2 (direction 2 of Plane 1).From the Distribution box, make sure that Uniform is selected.From the Units drop-down list, verify that SI is selected.In the Value field, enter -1000.Click OK. The pressure is applied.Right-click the Load/Restraint folder again and choose Hide All to hide load and restraint symbols.

e Part

mesh preferences:

Right-click the Mesh icon and select Preferences. The Preferences dialog box opens with the Mesh tab selected.In the Mesh Quality box, select High.In the Mesh Control box, select Smooth Surface.In the Mesher Type box, select Standard.From the Jacobian Check drop-down menu, select 4 Points.Click OK.

Learning to

To mesh the part:

1 Right-click the Mesh icon and select Create. The Mesh dialog box.2 Drag the slider to the most right position on the

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YoUse COSMOS/Works 2-53

scale as shown.

The type of mesh (shell or solid) was specified when the study was created. The Global Size and Tolerance are given in the preferred units used to create the part.

Click OK. Meshing starts.After the meshing is completed, you will get the Shell Mesh completed message. Click OK. Notice the checkmark that appears on the Mesh icon in the COSMOS/Works Manager tree.

w the mesh:

Right-click the Mesh icon and select Show Mesh. Right-click the Mesh icon again and click Hide Mesh to hide the mesh.Right-click on Mesh icon and choose Details to display meshing information.



2-54

Running Static Analysis


1 Right-click the Shell Study icon and select Run. Analysis starts. When the

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4analysis is completed, you will get the Static Analysis completed message.Click OK. COSMOS/Works automatically creates result folders in the COSMOS/Works Manager tree under the Shell study icon.

cessing Results of the Shell Study


In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, click the (+) sign to the left of the Stress icon. The Plot1 icon appears in the Stress folder.Double-click the Plot1 icon.

The default plots are always generated on the top faces of shell models.


t von Mises stresses on the bottom faces of the model:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager, right-click the Plot1 icon in the Stress folder and select Edit Definition. The Stress Plot dialog box opens.Click the Display tab.In the Plot Type box, select Bottom from the Shell Face drop-down menu.Click OK.

Learning to

To animate the stress plot:

1 Right-click the Plot1 icon in the Stress folder and select Animate. The

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Animate dialog box opens.Click the right arrow button

to start the animation.Click the square button to stop the animation.Close the Animation dialog box.

t the equivalent element :

In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, click the (+) sign to the left of the Strain icon. The plot1 icon appears in the Strain folder.Double-click the Plot1 icon.

tant Displacement Plot

t the resultant displacement:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, click the (+) sign to the left of the Displacement icon. The Plot1 icon appears in the Displacement folder.Double-click the Plot1 icon.


2-56

Verify the Results with Solid Mesh

Create a Solid Mesh Study

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2ate a solid mesh static analysis study:

From the COSMOS/Works menu, click Study. The Study dialog box opens. Click the Add button. The Study Name dialog box opens.In the New Study field, type Solid Study (or any other name) as the name of the new study.From the Analysis Type drop-down list, choose Static (default).From the Mesh Type box, click the Solid button.Click OK. You will return to the Study dialog box.Click OK.

aterial and Apply Loads/Restraintsu can apply material and restraints exactly as described for the Shell study.

stead, we will use drag and drop to define the new study.

ign material:

Right-click the Solids icon in Shell Study folder and select Copy.Right-click the Solids Study folder and select Paste. The material will be copied.

- or -

Drag the Solids icon from the Shell Study and drop it on the Solid Study folder. The material is copied.

ply loads/restraints:Right-click the Load/Restraint folder in the Shell Study folder and select Copy.Right-click the Solid Study folder and select Paste. The loads and restraints will be copied.

- or -

Drag the Load/Restraint folder from the Shell Study and drop it on the Solid Study. The restraints are copied.

Learning to

Mesh the PartWe will the use same mesh preferences as those we used in the shell example.

To mesh the part:

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Right-click the Mesh icon and select Create. Click OK to accept the default element size.

w/hide the mesh:

Right-click the Mesh icon and select Show Mesh. The mesh is displayed.Right-click the Mesh icon again and click Hide Mesh to hide the mesh.Right-click the Mesh icon and select Details to display the information about the mesh.


ic Analysis

static analysis:

Right-click the Solid Study icon and select Run. Analysis starts. When the analysis is completed, you will get the Static Analysis completed message.Click OK.


2-58

Postprocessing Results of the Solid Study

Von Mises Stress Plot

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2t von Mises stresses:

Click the (+) sign to the left of the Stress icon in the Solid study. The Plot1 icon appears in the stress folder.Double-click Plot1. The von Mises stress fringe plot is generated.

t the equivalent element strains:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, click the (+) sign to the left of the Strain folder in the Solid study. Double-click Plot1.

Learning to


To plot the resultant displacements:

1 In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, click the (+) sign to the left of the

2


Displacement icon.Double-click the Plot1 icon.


Chapter 2 Static Analysis Tutorial n Lesson 5: Analysis of a Funnel (Shell Model)

2-60

Lesson 5: Analysis of a Funnel (Shell Model)In this lesson, you will learn:

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4Applying local boundary conditions

Applying non-zero prescribed displacements

Shell meshing

e Part

en the part:

Start SolidWorks. The initial window of SolidWorks opens.From the File menu, click Open. The Open dialog box opens.Browse to the folder in which you installed COSMOS/Works.Click the Examples folder.Choose the funnel.prt file.Click Open. The part file opens.Verify that COSMOS/Works appears in the top menu bar of SolidWorks.

If you do not see the COSMOS/Works menu, choose Tools, Add-ins, click the control box for COSMOS/Works and click OK.

ck the units:

Click Tools, Options. On the Document Properties tab click Units.Make sure that Millimeters appears in the Linear units field.Click OK.

At this point, it is recommended that you click File, Save As to save the part with a different name before defining a study so that you can use the original file again.

Learning to

To start the COSMOS/Works Manager:Click the COSMOS/Works Manager button located at the lower left corner of the SolidWorks window.

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COSMOS/Works ManagerUse COSMOS/Works 2-61

Static Analysis Studyate a static analysis study:

From the COSMOS/Works menu, click Study. The Study dialog box opens.Click the Add button. The Study Name dialog box opens.In the New Study field, type Shell Study (or any other name) as the name of the new study.From the Analysis Type drop-down list, choose Static (default).From the Mesh Type box, click Shell using midsurfaces. A message window opens.Read the message and click OK.Click OK. The study name appears in the Studies list box.Click OK. You will return to the Study dialog box.Click OK.

aterialign a material from the COSMOS/M Library:Right-click the funnel icon in the Solids folder and select Apply/Edit. The Material dialog box opens with the COSMOS/M Library tab selected.From the Material Type drop-down list, select Plastics.From the Material Name list box, select Nylon 6/10. From the Unit System drop-down list, click the desired system of units to use it in displaying the properties.From the Property Type drop-down list, choose All.Click OK.


2-62

Insert Loads and Restraints

A rigid cylindrical boss of a 121 mm radius is to fit in the cylindrical base of the funnel. As the inner radius of the base is 120 mm, this condition may be simulated by prescribing a 1 mm displacement in the radial direction.

To pre

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Selescribe radial translation:

Select the inner face of the cylindrical base. The face highlights as shown.Right-click the Load/Restraint folder and select Restraints. The Restraints dialog box opens.

In the Selected Entities list box, notice that one face is selected.From the Type box, click On Cylindrical Face.From the Displacement Units drop-down list select mm.Click the checkbox associated with Radial Displacement. A checkmark appears.Type in 1.0 in the Radial Displacement field. Click OK.

ct this face

Learning to

To fix the bottom face in the axial direction:

1 Change the view as shown and select the bottom face of the funnel.

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Select Axis1 from SolidWorks FeatureManagerUse COSMOS/Works 2-63

Click the FeatureManager button at the lower left corner of the SolidWorks window to switch to the FeatureManager tree.Press and hold down Ctrl and click Axis1 in the FeatureManager tree. Click the COSMOS/Works Manager button to switch back to the COSMOS/Works Manager tree.

Right-click the Load/Restraint folder and select Restraints. The Restraints dialog box opens.

In the Selected Entities list box, notice that one face is selected.In the Type box, verify that Use Reference plane or Axis is selected.In the Selected References list box, verify that Axis1 is selected.Click the checkbox of Axial Displacement and verify that 0 is entered in its field. Click OK. The restraint is applied so that this face may not move in the axial direction.

Select this face

2-64

To make the top face immovable:

1 Change the view as shown and select the top face of the funnel.

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Select this faceCOSMOS/Works Users Guide

Right-click the Load/Restraint folder and select Restraints. The Restraints dialog box opens.From the Selected Entities list box, notice that one face is selected.In the Type box, click Immovable (No Translation).

Click OK. The restraint is applied so that this face cannot move in any direction.

Immovable and Fixed are different for shells. Fixed sets all translations and Rotations to zero while Immovable sets only the translations to zero.

Right-click the Load/Restraint folder in the COSMOS/Works Manager tree and choose Hide All to hide the restraint symbols.

Learning to

Mesh the Part

To set mesh preferences:

1 Right-click the Mesh icon and select Preferences. The Preferences dialog box

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opens with the Mesh tab selected.In the Mesh Quality box, select High.In the Mesh Control, select Smooth Surface.In the Mesher Type box, select Standard.From the Jacobian Check drop-down menu, select 4 Points.Click OK.

sh the part:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click the Mesh icon and select Create.Accept the default element size and click OK. The Mesh Progress window opens and the program starts meshing.When the mesh is completed, you will get the Shell Mesh completed message. Click OK to close the dialog box.

w/hide the mesh:In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click the Mesh icon and select Show Mesh. The mesh is displayed.Right-click the Mesh icon again and select Hide Mesh to hide the mesh.

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3 Right-click the Mesh icon and select Details to display information about the generated mesh.

Flip m

Stitsbeyome

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To flip

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Yo

Flip thCOSMOS/Works Users Guide

isaligned shells

resses on the top face of a shell element are, in general, different from those on bottom face. Therefore, it is essential to align faces of adjacent shells properly fore running the analysis. After meshing is completed, COSMOS/Works allows u to easily identify top and bottom faces of shell elements. After showing the sh, top faces will be shown in the shaded color of the model and bottom faces ll be shown in the selected Fill Color in the Mesh Preferences dialog box. visual inspection of the model, you will find that there is one face that has to flipped. This face is shown in the above figure.

You may get different misaligned shells based on the version or service pack of SolidWorks that you are using.

misaligned shells:

In the graphics area, select the face shown in figure.In COSMOS/Works Manager, right-click the Mesh icon and select Flip shell elements. The shell elements will be flipped.


is face

Before flipping After flipping

Learning to

Run Static Analysis


1 Right-click the Shell Study icon and select Run. Analysis starts. When the

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analysis is completed, you will get the Static Analysis completed message.Click OK.

ng the Results


In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, click the (+) sign to the left of the Stress folder. The Plot1 icon appears in the Stress folder.Double-click Plot1. The stresses on the top face are plotted.

The default plots are displayed on the top faces of the model.

t von Mises stress on the bottom faces of the model:

Right-click the Plot1 icon in the Stress folder and select Edit Definition. The Stress Plot dialog box opens.Click the Display tab.In the Plot Type box, select Bottom from the Shell Face drop-down menu.

Global CoordinateSystem


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4 Click OK.

To cha

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6To visualize extreme stresses, we recommend that you plot the stresses on top and bottom faces for all shell models.

nge the display settings of the result axes:

Activate Plot1 by double-clicking its icon.Right-click Plot1 and select Axes. The Axes dialog box opens.In the Axis box, move the size sliders to the positions shown in figure.In the Ticks fields, enter 6.In the Grid box, check XY, YZ, and ZX checkboxes.Click OK.

Global coordinate system displayed with the settings shown in theAxes dialog box shown to the left

Learning to

To change the stress units:

1 In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, right-click the Plot1 icon in the Stress folder and select Edit Definition. The Stress Plot dialog box opens with the Properties tab selected.

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From the Stress Units menu, select the desired unit and click OK. The plot with new units will be displayed.


Right-click the Plot1 icon in the Stress folder and select Animate. The Animation dialog box opens.Click the right arrow button to start the animation.Click the square button to stop the animation.Close the Animation dialog box.


alent Element Strain Plot

t the equivalent element strains:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager tree, click the (+) sign to the left of the Strain icon. The Plot1 icon appears in the Strain folder.Double-click the Plot1 icon.


2-70


To plot the resultant displacement:

1 In the COSMOS/Works Manager

2

Thtree, click the (+) sign to the left of the Displacement icon. The Plot1 icon appears in the Displacement icon.Double-click the Plot1 icon.


Learning to

Lesson 6: Analysis of a Fuel Storage Tank (Shell Model)In this lesson, you will learn how to:

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q

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q

DescriptAnThproffro

Insu

thesu

prUse COSMOS/Works 2-71

Create a coordinate system,

Apply variable pressure,

Run static analysis, and

Visualize stress and displacement results.

ion aluminum storage tank is partially filled with a fuel of density = 0.029 lb/in3. e fuel exerts a hydrostatic pressure that can be simulated by applying a varying

essure. A linearly varying pressure (p(y) =y) will be applied to all inner faces the tank below the fuel surface, where y refers to the vertical distance measured m the surface of the fuel.

order to apply the pressure p(y) =y, the faces of the tank were split at the rface of the fluid so that we can apply the pressure to the walls of the tank below surface of the fluid. We will also create a coordinate system at the fluid

rface with its y axis pointing downwards in order to be able to describe the essure variation in the y direction according to the above equation.

p(y) =y

Fuel Density of Fuel is0.029 lb/in3.

y

Chapter 2 Static Analysis Tutorial n Lesson 6: Analysis of a Fuel Storage Tank (Shell Model)

2-72

Open the Model and Create a Static StudyOpen the Fuel_Storage_Tank part located in the Examples folder of the COSMOS/Works installation.

To cre

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7We recommend that you click File, Save As to save the part to a different name before defining a study so that you can use the original file again.

ate static analysis study:

Right-click the Fuel_Storage_Tank part icon and select Study.In the Study dialog box, click the Add button. The Study Name dialog box opens.In the New Study field, enter variable pressure as the name of the study.From the Analysis Type menu, make sure that Static is selected.In the Mesh Type box, select Shell using midsurfaces. You will be prompted with a message that the shell meshing works only for simple thin parts and is being improved by both SRAC and SolidWorks. Close this information window by clicking OK.Click OK. You will return to the Study dialog box.Click OK to close the Study dialog box.

In the variable pressure study we will use the first shell meshing technique, namely, Shell using midsurfaces. In order for this technique to work, SolidWorks 2000 with SP3 service pack or higher should be installed on your computer.

Learning to

Assign Material to the ModelAssign Aluminum Alloy (1060 Alloy) from the COSMOS/M Material Library to the tank.

Apply R

Apply

To res

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4

Apply

Fisu

do

To cre

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estraints and Pressure to the Model

displacement restraints to the bottom faces of the tank

train the bottom face of the tank:

Select the bottom faces of the tank (3 faces).In the COSMOS/Works Manager, right-click the Load/Restraint icon and select Restraints.In the Type box, select Immovable.Click OK.

the hydrostatic pressure

rst, we will create a coordinate system at the rface of the fuel with its y- axis pointing wnward.

ate a coordinate system at the surface of the fuel:

In SolidWorks menu bar, click Insert, Reference Geometry, Coordinate System. The Coordinate System dialog box opens.Click inside the Origin box and select the vertex shown in the figure.Click inside the Y Axis box, and select the edge shown in the figure.Click OK. The coordinate system will be created and highlighted.

Fix these faces


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To ap

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Select this edge as the Y-axis

Select this vertex ply hydrostatic pressure to the inner faces of the tank:

Select the coordinate system you just created, hold the Ctrl key down and select all inner faces that are below the fluid surface in the tank (total of 7 faces).In the COSMOS/Works Manager, right-click the Load/Restraint icon and select Pressure. The Pressure dialog box opens.In the Type box, select Normal to selected face.

In the Distribution box, make sure that Variable is selected.From the Units menu, select English (IPS).In the Value field, enter 1.0.In the Selected Coord. System box, make sure that Coordinate System1 is selected.In the Equation for Variable Pressure fields, enter 0.029 in the field corresponding to the y coefficient and 0 in all other fields.Click OK.

as the origin

Learning to

Mesh the Model

To mesh the part:

1 Right-click the Mesh icon and select Preferences. Use the options shown in

2

3

To sho

Flip m

Stritsbeyome

wi

Byto

Use COSMOS/Works 2-75

figure below.Right-click the Mesh icon again and select Create.Click OK to accept the default element size and tolerance.

w the mesh:

Right-click the Mesh icon and click Show Mesh. The mesh will be displayed.

isaligned shells

esses on the top face of a shell element are, in general, different from those on bottom face. Therefore, it is essential to align faces of adjacent shells properly fore running the analysis. After meshing is completed, COSMOS/Works allows u to easily identify top and bottom faces of shell elements. After showing the sh, top faces will be shown in the shaded color of the model and bottom faces ll be shown in the selected Fill Color in the Mesh Preferences dialog box. visual inspection of the model, you will find that there are two faces that have be flipped. These faces are shown in the figure below.

You may get different misaligned shells based on the version or service pack of SolidWorks that you are using.


2-76

To flip misaligned shell elements:

1 Select one of the misaligned faces.2 Right-click the Mesh icon and select Flip shell elements.3

Run the

Visualiz

To plofaces

1

2

BeSelect the other face and repeat steps 1-2.

AnalysisRight-click the study icon and select Run.

e Stress and Displacement Results

t von Mises stress on the top of the model:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager, click the (+) sign to the left of the Stress folder.Double-click the Plot1 icon.

The default plots are always displayed on the top faces of the model.

After Flippingfore Flipping Select these faces and flip the associated elements

Learning to

To plot von Mises stress on the bottom faces of the model:

1 Right-click the Plot1 icon in the Stress folder and select Edit Definition. The Stress Plot dialog box opens.

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To plo

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ThiUse COSMOS/Works 2-77

Click the Display tab.In the Plot Type box, select Bottom from the Shell Face drop-down menu.Click OK.

t displacement results:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager, click the (+) sign to the left of the Displacement folder.Right-click the Plot1 icon in the Displacement folder and select Edit Definition. The Displacement Plot dialog box opens.On the Properties tab, select in (inch) from the Displacement Units drop-down menu.Click OK.

s lesson is completed.

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Lesson 7: Analysis of a Pulley Under a Bearing ForceIn this lesson, you will learn how to:

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q

DescriptCO

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f(thetheed forvalCOSMOS/Works Users Guide

Create a coordinate system, and

Apply forces with prescribed intensity.

ionSMOS/Works lets you handle bearing problems in two ways:

You can model the assembly of the axle and the pulley. The forces are transferred through the gap elements generated automatically by setting the Contact/Gaps option on the faces of contact between the axle and the pulley.

You can model the pulley only and approximate the force intensity exerted by the axle. The validity of the approximation depends on the validity of the assumed force intensity for the problem at hand.

e second approach is used in this lessons force exerted by the axle on the pulley approximated by a 700 pound force acting normal to the lower face of the hole. e intensity is assumed to be f() = Sin(), where is defined as shown in the ure.

) = F0Sin() = (F0)(y/a) where f() is intensity of the force, a is the radius of hole, and F0 is a scale factor calculat-by the program such that the sum of allces is set equal to the specified forceue.

f() = F0Sin() = (F0)(y/a)

a

Y

X

Learning to

The surface of central hole of the pulley was split into two faces. We will create a coordinate system at the center of the hole as shown in the figure and use it to specify a total normal force with given intensity.

Open th1

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Apply R

Apply

To res

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e Model and Assign MaterialOpen the Pulley-Bearing part located in the Examples folder of the COSMOS/Works installation folder.

We recommend that you click File, Save As to save the part to a different name before defining a study so that you can use the original file again.

Start the COSMOS/Works Manager.Create a Static analysis study. Make sure to select the Solid option while defining the study.Assign Steel Alloy from the COSMOS/M Material Library to the pulley.

estraints and Force to the Model

displacement restraints

train a portion of the lower face of the rim:

Select the face shown in the figure.In the COSMOS/Works Manager, right-click the Load/Restraint icon and select Restraints.

In the Type box, select Immovable.Click OK.

Select this face to apply restraints

Chapter 2 Static Analysis Tutorial n Lesson 7: Analysis of a Pulley Under a Bearing Force

2-80

Apply the bearing force

First, we will create a coordinate system at the center of the pulley.

To crethe pu

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To ap

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5

6ate a coordinate system at the center of lley:

In SolidWorks menu bar, click Insert, Reference Geometry, Coordinate System. The Coordinate System dialog box opens and a default coordinate system is created.Flip the y-axis by clicking the Flip checkbox under Y Axis.Click OK.

ply the bearing force:

With the newly created coordinate system selected from the previous procedure, hold the Ctrl key down and select the lower half of the surface of the central hole.In the COSMOS/Works Manager, right-click the Load/Restraint icon and select Force. The Force dialog box opens.In the Type box, select Apply Normal Force.

In the Distribution box, make sure that Variable is selected.From the Units menu, select English (IPS).In the Force field, enter 700.

Create a local coordinate system to define variable force

Learning to

7In the Selected Coord. System box, make sure that Coordinate System1 is selected.8In the Equation for Variable Force fields, enter 1.3333 in the field corresponding to the y

9

Mesh th

To me

1

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3

Run the Use COSMOS/Works 2-81

coefficient and 0 in all other fields. 1.333. is the coefficient of y in the force intensity equation:

f(y) = (1/a)y = (1/0.75)y= 1.333 y.where a is the radius of the cylindrical hole.Click OK.

The summation of the magnitudes of the forces applied normal to the face will be 700 pound force. The horizontal components over the face will cancel each other.

e Model

sh the part:

Right-click the Mesh icon and select Preferences. Use the options shown in figure.Right-click the Mesh icon again and select Create.Click OK to accept the default element size and tolerance.

AnalysisRight-click the study icon and select Run.


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Visualize Stress and Displacement Results

To plot von Mises stress:

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To plo

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5In the COSMOS/Works Manager, click the (+) sign to the left of the Stress folder.Right-click the Plot1 icon and select Edit Definition.Click the Setting tab.Change the Scale Factor to 2000.Click OK.

t displacement results:

In the COSMOS/Works Manager, click the (+) sign to the left of the Displacement folder.Right-click the Plot1 icon and select Edit Definition.Click the Setting tab.Change the Scale Factor to 2000.

Click OK.

Learning to

To list the reaction forces:

1 Select the restrained portion of the lower face of the rim.2 Right-click the Displacement folder and select Reaction Force. The Reaction


Force dialog box opens to list the reaction forces on the selected face as well as on the entire model.From the Units menu select lb.

X

Y

Global coordinate system of the problem


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Explanation of reaction forces

The following graph shows the forces that developed on the contact area between the pulley and the axle,

Ac

Th

Th

Then

Thicording to the above graph,

e summation of the magnitudes of the normal forces =700 lb

e summation of the magnitudes of the horizontal forces=700- 541.17= 158.83lb

e summation of the magnitudes of the vertical forces= Reaction forces on the tire model= 541.17 lbs

The applied net horizontal force is zero.

s lesson is completed.

X

Y

Fosin()

Fosin()cos()

Fosin2()

Fo

Fn

Fn()=Fosin() is the normal force applied at an angle ()

The program calculates Fo such that the summationof the magnitudes of all applied forces is set equalto the specified force value (700 lb)

Learning to

Lesson 8: Stress Concentration Around a Hole in a Plate

In this lesson, you will learn how to:

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q

Descript

In this probsubjected t

The plate ithe hole ismodel, weas shown i

The face ouniform tehole will cUse COSMOS/Works 2-85

use the p-adaptive method to improve the solution, and

visualize convergence graphs related to the p-adaptive method.

ion

lem, we will study the stress concentration around a hole at the center of a plate o in-plane pressure loading.

s 20 x 20 x 1 and the radius of 1. Due to the symmetry of the will analyze a quarter of the plate n the figure.

f the plate is subjected to a normal nsile pressure of 1000 psi. The ause a stress concentration.

1 radius20

20

10

10

1 in

Chapter 2 Static Analysis Tutorial n Lesson 8: Stress Concentration Around a Hole in a Plate

2-86

Open the Model and Create a Study1 Open the Plate-with-hole part located in the Examples folder of the COSMOS/

Works installation folder.

2

3

4

5

6We recommend that you click File, Save As to save the part to a different name before defining a study so that you can use the original file again.

In the COSMOS/Works Manager, right-click the top icon and select Study.Click the Add tab, enter a name for the study, select Static from the Analysis Type menu (default), make sure to select Solid (default) in the Mesh Type box, and click OK.

The p-adaptive method is not supported for shells.

Click the Properties button and then click the Adaptive tab.Click the Use p-Additive for solution checkbox.

From the Stop when drop-down menu, select Total Strain Energy (default) and enter 0.02 in the change is % or less field.

In general, strain energy has a rapid convergence. This is why we entered a small value for the allowable change in the strain energy.

Learning to

7 In the Update elements with strain energy error of % or more, enter 1.0.8 In the Starting p-order field, enter 2 (default).9 Click OK to accept all other defaults.10

Assign M

To ass

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Apply Lo

To app

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To sta

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Click OK.

aterial

ign Material to the part:

Right-click the Solids folder and select Apply Material to All.Click the COSMOS/M Library tab.Click OK to apply Alloy Steel to the part.

ads and Boundary Conditions

ly the symmetry restraints:

Select face A (as shown in the figure).Right-click the Load/Restraint folder, select Restraints.In the Type box, choose the Use Reference Plane or Axis option. Plane1 appears in the selected Reference field.Click the Along Plane Dir 1 checkbox and enter 0 in its field.Click OK.Repeat the above steps for face B (as shown in the figure) to restrain it in direction 2 of Plane1.

bilize the plate in the direction normal to Plane1:

Select the upper edge (as shown in the figure) of the plate.Right-click the Load/Restraint folder and select Restraints.In the Type box, select the Use Reference Plane or Axis, Plane1 appears in the selected Reference field.Click the Normal to plane checkbox and enter 0 in its field.

Restrain thisedge normal to Plane1

Face A: Restrain thisface in direction 2 ofPlane1

Face B:Restrainthis face indirection 1of Plane1

Chapter 2 Static Analysis Tutorial n Lesson 8: Stress Concentration Around a Hole in a Plate

2-88

5 Click OK.

To apply the tensile pressure:

1 Select the face shown in the figure.2

3

4

5

6

Mesh th

To set

1

2

3Right-click the Load/Restraint folder and select Pressure.In the Type box, select the Along Plane Dir 1 option.In the Distribution box, choose Uniform, English (IPS) units.In the Value field, enter 1000 (psi).Click OK.

e Plate

mesh preference:

Right-click the Mesh icon and select Preferences.

Select the options shown in the figure.Click OK.

It is recommended to choose the At Nodes option from the Jacobian Check drop-down menu when using the p-method.

1000 psiPressure

Learning to

To mesh the plate:

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