1

Universidade de São Paulo International Relations Institute

BRI 0045 – International Regimes in Comparative Perspective Cristiane Lucena Carneiro, cristiane.lucena@usp.br

Course Description and Objectives This course engages with three international regimes, with an emphasis on the structure of these regimes, the dilemmas each faces, and the challenges for compliance and effectiveness within these three areas of international politics. The regimes covered in the class include: 1) the international human rights regime, especially the United Nations treaty-based regime, where the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Convention on the Prohibition of Torture feature prominently; 2) the international trade regime, encompassed by the GATT and the World Trade Organization; and 3) the environmental protection regime, with an emphasis on climate change (UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol). We start with a discussion of the literature on compliance, which analyzes regime characteristics and their impact on the overall question of effectiveness. The course proceeds to dovetail the debate on the rationale for state compliance with international obligations with the scholarship on regime design. There are two overarching questions: – how the characteristics of these three issue areas can help us understand the challenges and prospects for compliance? – how the institutional design of these regimes can help us understand the challenges and prospects for compliance? At the end of the course, students will be familiar with the most serious challenges for compliance in each one of these three issue areas, they will have engaged with the scholarly contribution to this debate, and they will have developed their ability to compare dilemmas and proposed solutions within the thematic spectrum covered in the class. Bibliography Davis, Christina L. 2012. Why adjudicate? Enforcing trade rules in the WTO. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Dunoff, Jeffrey L. and Mark A. Pollack, Eds. 2013. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on International Law and International Relations. The State of the Art. Cambridge, M.A.: Cambridge University Press. Goldsmith, Jack and Eric Posner. 2005. The Limits of International Law. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Ostrom, Elinor. 2005.Understanding Institutional Diversity. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Simmons, Beth. 2009. Mobilizing for Human Rights: International Law in Domestic Politics.

2

Cambridge, M.A.: Cambridge University Press. Tomz, Michael. 2007. Reputation and International Cooperation: Sovereign Debt across Three Centuries. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Assessment

Exam 40% Paper and seminar 50% Participation 10%

Course Overview Week I – Theoretical Approaches to the Notion of “Compliance” Chayes, Abram and Antonia Chayes. 1993. The New Sovereignty: Compliance with International Regulatory Agreements. Cambridge, M.A.: Harvard University Press. Downs, George. David Rocke, and Peter Barsoom. 1996. “Is the good news about compliance good news about cooperation?” International Organization 50(3): 379-406. Downs, George and Michael Jones. 2002. “Reputation, Compliance, and International Law.” Journal of Legal Studies 31(January), pp. 95. Tomz, Michael. 2007. Reputation and International Cooperation. Chapters 1 & 2. Recommended: Von Stein, Jana. 2013. “The Engines of Compliance.” In Dunoff and Pollack, Eds. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on International Law and International Relations. Chap. 19. Brewster, Rachel. 2013. “Reputation in International Relations and International Law Theory.” In Dunoff and Pollack, Eds. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on International Law and International Relations. Chap. 21. Downs, George. 1998. “Enforcement and the evolution of cooperation.” Michigan Journal of International Law 19(2): 319-344. Week II – Theoretical Approaches to Regime Design Koremenos, Barbara. Charles Lipson and Duncan Snidal. 2001. “The Rational Design of International Institutions.” International Organization 55(4), pp. 761-799. Koremenos, Barbara. 2013. “The Continent of International Law.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 57, p. 653. Recommended:

3

Helfer, Laurence. 2013. “Flexibility in International Agreements.” In Dunoff and Pollack, Eds. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on International Law and International Relations. Chap. 7. Week III – Human Rights Buergenthal, Thomas. 2006. The Evolving International Human Rights System. The American Journal of International Law, 100(4), pp. 783–807. Buergenthal, Thomas. 1997. "The Normative and Institutional Evolution of International Human Rights." Human Rights Quarterly 19(4), pp. 703-723. Reis, Rossana R. 2006. “Os Direitos Humanos e a Política Internacional.” Revista de Sociologia Política Vol. 27, pp. 33-42. Moravcsik, Andrew. 2000. “The Origins of Human Rights Regimes: Democratic Delegation in Postwar Europe.” International Organization 54(2), pp. 217-252. Week IV – Human Rights Hafner-Burton, Emilie. 2005. “Trading Human Rights: How Preferential Trade Agreements Influence Government Repression.” International Organization Vol. 59(Summer), pp. 593-629. Hillebrecht, Courtney. 2012. “The Domestic Mechanisms of Compliance with International Human Rights Law: Case Studies from the Inter-American Human Rights System.” Forthcoming, Human Rights Quarterly. Vreeland, James. 2008. “Political Institutions and Human Rights: Why Dictatorships Enter into the International Convention Against Torture.” International Organization 62(1), pp. 65-101. Week V – Human Rights Simmons, Beth. Mobilizing for Human Rights. Chapters 1, 2, & 3. Week VI – International Trade

Leiter, Kara and Simon Lester. 2013. “WTO Dispute Settlement 1995-2012 – A Statistical Analysis. Journal of International Economic Law Vol. 16(1), pp. 257-267. Davis, Christina L. 2012. Why Adjudicate? Enforcing Trade Rules in the WTO. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Introduction. Davis, Christina L. and Sarah B. Bermeo. 2009. “Who files? Developing Country Participation in GATT/WTO Adjudication.” Journal of Politics Vol. 71(3), pp. 1033-1049. Week VII – International Trade

4

Brimeyer, Benjamin L. 2001. Bananas, Beef, and Compliance in the World Trade Organization: The Inability of the WTO Dispute Settlement Process to Achieve Compliance from Superpower Nations. Minnesota Journal of Global Trade 10, (Winter): 133. Bush, Marc e Eric Reinhardt. 2000. Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law: Early Settlement in GATT/WTO Disputes. Fordham International Law Journal 24, (1-2): 158. Week VIII – International Trade

Alter, Karen J. 2003. Resolving or Exacerbating Disputes? The WTO’s New Dispute Resolution System. International Affairs 79, (4): 783-800. Bobick, Talya and Alastair Smith. 2013. “The Impact of Leader Turnover on the Onset and the Resolution of WTO Disputes.” Review of International Organizations (June). First Exam Week IX – Environmental Protection Ostrom, Elinor. 2005.Understanding Institutional Diversity. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Chapters 1 & 8. Week X – Environmental Protection Mitchell, Ronald. 2006. “Problem Structure, Institutional Design, and the Relative Effectiveness of International Environmental Agreements”. Global Environmental Politics Vol. 6(3): pp. 72-89.

Martin, Claude. 2001. The Relationship between Trade and Environment Regimes: What Needs to Change? In The Role of the World Trade Organization in Global Governance. Gary P. Sampson, ed. New York, NY: The United Nations University Press. Week XI – Environmental Protection Victor, David. 2013. “Getting Serious about Global Climate Change.” In Reinhard, Nicolau. Joaquim Guilhoto, Pedro Dallari e Gerson Damiani, Orgs. Impasses nos Grandes Regimes Internacionais. São Paulo, Editora da Universidade de São Paulo. Keohane, Robert O. e David G. Victor. 2011. “The Regime Complex for Climate Change.” Perspective on Politics, Vol. 9(1), pp. 7-23. Week XII – New Approaches to the Study of “Compliance” Von Stein, Jana. 2005. “Do Treaties Constrain or Screen? Selection Bias and Treaty Compliance.” American Political Science Review 99(4), pp. 611- 622.

5

Marinov, Nikolay. 2005. “Do Economic Sanctions Destabilize Country Leaders?” American Journal of Political Science 49(3), pp. 564-576.

Koremenos, Barbara. 2007. “If Only Half of International Agreements Have Dispute Resolution Provisions, Which Half Needs Explaining?” Journal of Legal Studies 36(January), pp. 189-212. Goldsmith, Jack and Eric Posner. 2005. The Limits of International Law. Chap. 1 & 2. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Weeks XIII & XIV Student presentations.