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Polymers in daily lifePolymers in daily life
T. Thimma ReddyT. Thimma Reddy
Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu UniverInstitute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu UniversitysityHakozaki, HigashiHakozaki, Higashi--kuku, Fukuoka 812, Fukuoka 812--8581, JAPAN.8581, JAPAN.
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What is an atom?What is an atom?
Atoms are basic building blocks of everything you
can see around you.
Many things you cannot see, for example air that youbreath.
Atoms are so small that there are millions, billions
and trillions in the tiniest speck you can see. Solids, liquids and gasses all matter-are
made up of atoms.
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What is a Molecule?
Molecules are made up of atoms.
atoms can join together they form bonds together- to
make molecules. For example two atoms of hydrogen
hook together To form a molecule of hydrogen.
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What is a POLYMER?
Large organic molecule formed by combining
many smaller molecules (monomers) in aregular pattern.
A long molecule that is made up of a chain of
many small repeated units (monomers).
Long chains of covalently bonded atoms
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schematic representation of a polymer
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Difference between polymer and lowDifference between polymer and low
molecular weight compoundsmolecular weight compounds
Low molecular weight compundsLow molecular weight compunds
freely soluble in solventsfreely soluble in solventssolution has less viscoussolution has less viscous
Examples: sodium chlorideExamples: sodium chloride, vitamins, vitamins
etc.etc.
Polymers or high molecular weight compundsPolymers or high molecular weight compunds
swell before dissolutionswell before dissolution
Posses high viscousPosses high viscous
Examples:Examples: PEPEPVAPVA, PMMA, PMMA, PET, PET
etc.etc.
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What are polymers?
Polymers are substances. These substances are either in liquid or
solid forms.(
Polymers are available in this world since beginning. Meanspolymers are not new They are very old.
For example starch, cellulose and rubber all posses polymericproperties and are available since beginning of nature.
Man made polymers have been studied since 1832. Today polymerindustries growing more than aluminium, copper and steel industriescombined.1832
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Types of polymersTypes of polymers
NaturalNatural
CelluloseCellulose
StarchStarch
ProteinsProteins
SyntheticSyntheticPS, PET, PE, Nylon, PMMA, PHEMA.PS, PET, PE, Nylon, PMMA, PHEMA.
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Difference between natural andDifference between natural and
synthetic polymerssynthetic polymers
NaturalNatural
They are degradableThey are degradableThey are not processableThey are not processableThey posses poor mechanical strengthThey posses poor mechanical strength
SyntheticSyntheticThey are non degradableThey are non degradable
They are processableThey are processableThey posses good mechanical strength.They posses good mechanical strength.
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Classification of polymersClassification of polymers
PlasticsPlastics
RubbersRubbers
FibersFibers
PaintsPaints
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ThermoplasticsThermoplastics
Plastics at homePlastics at home
carry bags, containers, jars, insulators,carry bags, containers, jars, insulators,
nonsticky pans, soft drink bottles, matrices,nonsticky pans, soft drink bottles, matrices,
tooth brush and paste etc.tooth brush and paste etc.
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How polymer articles will beHow polymer articles will be
preparedprepared
There are four main techniquesThere are four main techniques
Injection moldingInjection molding
Extrusion moldingExtrusion molding Blow moldingBlow molding
Compression moldingCompression molding
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Injection moldingInjection molding
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Blow moldingBlow molding
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RubbersRubbers
Latex is a milky white fluid extracted from bark of trees.
It could form a solid that was elastic
If you rubbed it on penciled words, the writing would
disappear, so it is named as rubber. This rubber become hard and brittle when it got cooled, a
sticky mess when it got too warm.
But when we heat rubber with sulfur would remain elastic atwide range of temperatures.
Carriages, cars, trucks, and busses traveled billions of miles
on tires made of v-rubber.
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A rubber tree plantation in southernA rubber tree plantation in southern
INDIAINDIA
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New cut is made each nightNew cut is made each night
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Latex flow beginsLatex flow begins
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Latex flow towards collection cupLatex flow towards collection cup
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Latex coagulation with dilute acidLatex coagulation with dilute acid
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Water is rolled out of the rubberWater is rolled out of the rubber
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Fresh and smoked sheet of raw rubberFresh and smoked sheet of raw rubber
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TajmahalTajmahal, India., India.
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FibersFibers
Fibers are polymer like tiny little rods or tubes- 100
times longer than its diameter
Any fiber that you can think of is a polymer.
If its a metal, its called a wire not a fiber Fibers can be natural- from plant or animals, or
synthetic made by people.
cellulose woolcotton
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Nylon parachutesNylon parachutes
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Paints or coatinPaints or coatingg
Painting makes the product look beautiful andPainting makes the product look beautiful and
also protect from the corrosionalso protect from the corrosion.. Paints to homes, buildings and class roomPaints to homes, buildings and class room
walls etc.walls etc.
It also helps to clean easilyIt also helps to clean easily
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Blue city, India.Blue city, India.
A li ti f l
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Applications of polymers
Agriculture and agribusiness Super absorbent polymers
Polymeric substances are used in and on soil
To improve aeration (supply of moisture)
To provide mulch (to stop growing unwanted plants) To promote plant growth and health.
Medicine
Many biomaterials, especially heart valve replacements,Blood vessels are made of polymers like Teflon andPolyurethane.
Contact lenses (PHEMA,Contact lenses (PHEMA, hydrogelhydrogel))
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Consumer science
Plastic containers of all shapes and sizes are
made with polymer substances.
Clothing, floor coverings, garbage disposal
bags and Packaging etc ..
They are light weight and less expensive
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Industry
Automobile parts, handsets, windshileds for
fighter planes, pipes, tanks, packing materials,
Insulation, wood substitutes, Adhesives,
matrix for composites, and elastomers.
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Food
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Food
Many natural polymers are present in our foodFor example soups, ice creams contains
polysacharide polymers such as starch, guar etc.
Cows milk is loaded with the polymer casein, a
protein without this casein (polymer) cheese willbe non-sticky
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Lotus temple, IndiaLotus temple, India
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Polymer recyclingPolymer recycling
Most polymers will last a long, long, long,
long time.
That's good - especially if you use them to
make clothes, jars, even chairs.
But it's bad when polymers get thrown away.
It's important to recycle the polymers that we
can, like drink bottles, so that our landfillsdon't get filled up so fast.
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Continue recyclingContinue recycling
Recycling gives new life to the things we use.
It can conserve valuable resources: landfillspace, energy, raw materials.
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Whats so great about polymers ?
Why would we want to use polymers to make
stuff? What about other materials, like wood,metal, glass, or ceramics?
Let's pretend that you own a company thatmakes apple juice. What would you use to
make the bottles - metal, plastic, or glass?
Most of the polymers have the followingMost of the polymers have the following
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Most of the polymers have the followingMost of the polymers have the following
propertiesproperties
Lighter
Harder to break Long lasting
Recyclable
Easier to form into shapes Cheaper1kg )
By choosing the right kind of polymer, our productcan be soft or hard, flexible or stiff, or most anythingwe want
Strength of the polymers
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Strength of the polymers
We keep stretching the sample, increasing the stress(the force/area) until - snap! - it breaks. How much
stress could it take? The stress needed to break thesample is the tensile strength of the material
Strength of single polymer chain is higher than that ofsteel
Varieties of shoesVarieties of shoes
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Varieties of shoesVarieties of shoes
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Pool Palace
Hot tub Swimming pool lining with PVC
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Skate board
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ToysToys
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Sporting stuff
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Auto parts
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Recordings
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Music shop
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Food stuffFood stuff
Polymers in medical fieldPolymers in medical field
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Polymers in medical fieldPolymers in medical field
Drug deliveryDrug delivery
Tissue sealantsTissue sealants Wound dressingWound dressing
Drug delivery from environmentally
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sensitive release systems
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SUMMAYSUMMAY Polymers are basic part of our daily lives theyPolymers are basic part of our daily lives they
comprise the pipes and wires we used to get readycomprise the pipes and wires we used to get readythis morning.this morning.
The sheets and blankets that kept us warm last night.The sheets and blankets that kept us warm last night.
Socks and shoes that protect our feet.Socks and shoes that protect our feet. Polymer coatings play huge role in protecting thePolymer coatings play huge role in protecting the
homes, buildings and class room walls etc.homes, buildings and class room walls etc.
Polymers entered in to biomedical field and solvingPolymers entered in to biomedical field and solvingmany problems.many problems.
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AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments I am grateful to Japan society for the
promotion of science (JSPS) for financialsupport as well as giving me an opportunity to
deliver this lecture today.
Thank you
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Traditional dresses in India.Traditional dresses in India.
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Temples, India.Temples, India.