An Introduction to An Introduction to GIS and GPS TechnologyGIS and GPS Technology

prepared byprepared by

Muhammad Arshad NajamMuhammad Arshad NajamMNSUA MultanMNSUA Multan

OverviewOverview What is GPS?What is GPS?

What does the GPS do? How it worksHow it works

What is GIS?What is GIS? GIS Application GIS Application GIS DataGIS Data GIS Technology(ArcGIS)GIS Technology(ArcGIS)

Application with GIS and GPSApplication with GIS and GPS Pocket StreetPocket Street Automated Vehicle Location SystemAutomated Vehicle Location System

A definition of GISA definition of GIS GIS ( (-Geographic

Information Systems)) is is a computer software, a computer software, hardware and data, and hardware and data, and personnel to help personnel to help manipulate, analyze manipulate, analyze and present information and present information that is tied to a spatial that is tied to a spatial location.location.

spatial locationspatial location–usually –usually a geographic locationa geographic location

What is GISWhat is GIS

Different layers Typically a GIS is used for

handling maps of one kind or another.

These might be represented as several different layers where each layer holds data about a particular kind of feature.

Each feature is linked to a position on the graphical image of a map

““Smart Maps”:Smart Maps”: linking database to linking database to

maps.maps.

GISGIS–One –One exampleexample with Five with Five Data LayersData Layers

Maps and Database are Maps and Database are InteractiveInteractive

Some ways of using GIS Some ways of using GIS TechnologyTechnology

Wherever Spatial Data Analysis is Wherever Spatial Data Analysis is NeededNeeded

Emergency ServicesEmergency Services – Fire & Police– Fire & Police Environmental Environmental – Monitoring & Modeling– Monitoring & Modeling BusinessBusiness – Site Location, Delivery Systems– Site Location, Delivery Systems IndustryIndustry – Transportation, Communication,– Transportation, Communication, Mining, Pipelines, HealthcareMining, Pipelines, Healthcare Government Government – Local, State, Federal, Military– Local, State, Federal, Military EducationEducation – Research, Teaching Tool, – Research, Teaching Tool,

AdministrationAdministration

GIS ApplicationApplication Today

Today’s modern systems allow data to be transferred directly to the GIS database.

All information is immediately available for further processing such as correcting errors, performing calculations, etc.

GIS ApplicationApplication Today

Handheld GIS computer system

GPS based interface

Commercial GIS data sources

Internet based data server

Global Positioning System Global Positioning System (GPS)(GPS)

The Global Positioning The Global Positioning System (GPS)System (GPS)

is a satellite-based navigation is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U.S.Department of by the U.S.Department of Defense.Defense.

GPS satellitesGPS satellites 24 Satellites in 6 planes, each 24 Satellites in 6 planes, each

plane has 4 satellitesplane has 4 satellites These space vehicles (SVs) These space vehicles (SVs)

send radio signals from space.send radio signals from space.

What does the GPS do

Satellite signals can be Satellite signals can be processed in a GPS receiver.processed in a GPS receiver.

GPS receiver will show your GPS receiver will show your EXACT location on the EarthEXACT location on the Earth (latitude and longitude)

Helps you find your way to a specified location

Let’s you know what direction you are heading and how fast you are going

GPS- How it worksGPS- How it works Measuring the distance from a satellite by measuring Measuring the distance from a satellite by measuring

travel time of radio signals secondstravel time of radio signals seconds Distance = speed of light * latency in timeDistance = speed of light * latency in time Four GPS satellite signals are used to compute positions Four GPS satellite signals are used to compute positions

in three dimensions and the time offset in the receiver in three dimensions and the time offset in the receiver clock.clock.

ConclusionsConclusions GPS can show your EXACT location on the EarthGPS can show your EXACT location on the Earth

(latitude and longitude)

GIS provides several different map layers where each layer holds data about a particular kind of feature related to spatial data.

Using GIS and GPS we can capture, management, analysis, modeling and display geographically referenced data for decision making. It is a way in which to begin to represent and model the real world.