Date post: | 21-Dec-2014 |
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Before we begin . . . . .
1. Can you explain what is going on in the class? 2. Tell us something about your childhood memory that you still cherish .3. What are your plans after finishing masters?
Learners and Learning
Presented By:Satarupa Sen.Angan Roy.Rinsit Benjamin.Ehsaan Habibi.
Source Luckin, Rosemary. Re-designing
Learning Contexts: Technology-rich, Learner-centred Ecologies. London: Routledge, 2010. Print.
Zone of proximal development
ZPD : Zone of Proximal developmentA socio cultural development
approach.Crystallization of internal process
leading to mental growth.Concepts and learning.
Zone of Proximal Development
“ The discrepancy between a child’s actual mental age and the level he reaches in solving problems with assistance indicates the zone of his proximal development;.…….Experience has shown that the child with the larger zone of proximal development will do much better in school. ”
A note of caution
Z P DNot a single English equivalent
of the Russian term “obuchenie” which describes teaching and learning process.
Term varies between : Instruction, Learning, Teaching.
Behaviourism
Deals with the behavioral approach to a phenomena and objective relationships that does not need to call on mental states.
Timeline . . . . .
Edward Thorndike. (1898).Tolman & Honzik (1930).Miller (1953).Edward Bloom (1956).Selingman (1975).Gagne (1965, 1987).
Constructivism
Genetic epistemology which suggests a manner, knowledge could be constructed.
Scaffolding
Term coined by David Wood.A tutorial assistance to the learner.Involves contingent teaching
strategies.Creates relation between students
and their more able partners in learning.
MAP More Able Partners , usually the
teachers. Assist learners towards cognitive
growth.
Names associated : Wood et al. (1992). Palincsar et al. (1993). Rosson & Carroll (1996). Bliss et al (1996). Mercer (1995).
Zone of Collaboration: Scaffolding Learning through and in the ZPD
Zone of proximal development Definition: ‘…the distance between the actual
developmental level as determined through independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers’ (Vygotsky, 1978, p. 86)
Cognitive apprenticeship Examples Zone of Proximal Development describes the human
development as a socially mediated activity.
1. Birdhouses and mom reading
2. Two 8 yr old pupils at the same actual level of knowledge: different speed of assisted problem-solving: different ZPDs
There is no single point at which the child had developed the skill but didn’t have it before.
Wertsch’s Introduction of 3 Constructs
Situation Definition: describes the manner in which a context
is actively constructed and represented by its operators
Inter subjectivity: exist when two participants share the same
situation definition and know that they share it
Semiotic Mediation: provides the means of communication
and negotiation to support inter subjectivity and situation
redefinition
The Zone of Proximal Adjustment (ZPA)
The ZPA represents a subset of the resources from
the ZAA that are appropriate for a learner’s needs.A= Zone of Available Assistance
B= Zone of Proximal Adjustment
ZPD = Learner & More Able Partner
Zone of Proximal Development
Step 1
• Actual
Step 2
• Present
Step 3
• Potential
ZPD: Summary
Development level is not a point but a range From complete mastery of lower level skills and
knowledge to the upper limit. Actual – potential: in between is present Zone is dynamic. Each knowledge domain has its own zone Varies per person. Society and adult cooperate in creating tools for
development: More Capable Peer or Adult. Inter mental to intra mental.