66
New Officials Training Manual Name: ____________________
New Officials Training Manual
Name: ____________________
Table of Contents
Class Outline 1
Arbiter Instructions 4
NFHS Signals 46
NFHS Rule Changes, Points of Emphasis 48
Texas Exceptions to NFHS Rules 51
Court Diagram 52
Two Person Mechanics 53
Pre-Game Checklist 59
Misunderstood Rules 62
Training Schedule
Location: Nolan Catholic High School
Time: 6:30 – 8:30 PM
Week 1 – September 10, 2014
1. Introduction
a. Administrative Secretary
b. Assignment Secretary
c. Training Staff
2. Meeting Dates
3. Official Supplies
4. Personal Appearance
5. Physical Conditioning
6. Training Packet
7. Accounting & Taxes
8. Point System & Membership Divisions
Week 2 – September 17, 2014
1. Mechanics
2. Jump Ball Administration (Rule 6-3)
a. Referee blows whistle, steps in to make toss
b. Umpire raises hand, chops in clock, call back bad toss (if necessary)
c. Umpire goes to L, Referee to T and checks possession arrow
d. If Umpire goes with ball into backcourt, goes to T and checks arrow, Referee to L
Week 3 – September 24, 2014
1. Out of Bounds and Throw-Ins (Rules 7-6, 9-2, & 9-3)
a. T and L areas of responsibility in frontcourt
b. L moving to T side
c. T and L out of bounds lines and throw-ins
d. Calling violations and throw-ins
i. Moving to opposite end of floor without press
ii. Moving to opposite end of floor with press
iii. T calling violations in backcourt
2. Official Signals
1
Week 4 – October 1, 2014
1. Foul Calling and Reporting (Rules 4-19, 4-24, & 10)
a. T calls foul table side, no shot
b. L calls foul opposite table, no shot
c. T calls foul opposite table, no shot
d. L calls foul table side, no shot
e. T calls shooting foul, both sides
f. L calls shooting foul, both sides
g. T and L calls shooting foul – switching
2. Official Signals
Week 5 – October 8, 2014
1. Free Throws (Rules 4-20, 8, & 9-1)
a. T positioning on both shots (stepping down), violations/rebounding responsibility, and
signaling
b. L administration and positioning on both shots (stepping in), violations/rebounding
responsibility, and resuming play
2. Official Signals
Week 6 – October 15, 2014
1. Time-out Procedures (Rules 4-43, 5-8, & 5-11)
a. T grants time-out, watch players leave floor, communicate with partner, talk to table
b. L grants time-out, watch players leave floor, communicate with partner, partner talk to
table
c. Time-out positions, who has ball and positioning
d. First horn, subs
e. Second horn
2. Scoring and Timing (Rule 5)
a. 3-point attempt
b. Stepping in on shots
c. Communicating made shot to partner
d. Last second shot communication
3. Official Signals
2
Week 7 – October 22, 2014
1. Pregame Discussion
a. Changing arrow at halftime
b. End of game
c. Postgame discussion
2. Mechanics – step in on shots
Week 8 – October 29, 2014
1. Review all signals
2. Review jump ball
3. Review frontcourt positioning
4. Review full-court positioning
Week 9 – November 5, 2014
1. Review free throws (Rule 8)
2. Review time-out procedures
3. Review scoring and timing (Rule 5)
4. Review fouls and penalties (Rule 10)
5. Mechanics – closely guarded count
Week 10 – November 12, 2014
1. Review foul calling and reporting
2. Pre-Game
3. Q&A
3
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Offic
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18
Offic
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Use
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form
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19
Ch
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Yo
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Pre
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20
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25
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26
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27
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28
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32
Re
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33
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35
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36
Ch
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37
38
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sch
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39
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40
41
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23
45
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28
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42
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43
44
Ro
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kin
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’ lett
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dis
pla
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nly
those o
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whose last
nam
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egin
with ‘C
’
45
OFFI
CIAL
NFHS
BAS
KETB
ALL
SIGN
ALS
Tipp
ing
ball
No s
core
Bonu
s fre
e th
row
Goal
Cou
nts
1416
18
13
Poin
ts s
core
d
3-Po
int
atte
mpt
sc
ore
3-Po
int
mad
eUs
e 1
or 2
finge
rs a
fter
sign
al 1
5
1517
®
Star
t clo
ckSt
op c
lock
60-s
econ
d tim
e-ou
t30
-sec
ond
time-
out
Stop
clo
ck
jum
p ba
llSt
op c
lock
fo
r fou
l
Beck
onin
g su
bstit
utes
12
54
3
1110
Starting and stopping clock
Information
9
Stop
clo
ck
for f
oul
(opt
iona
l bi
rd d
og)
Visi
ble
coun
ts8
Dire
ctio
nal s
igna
l6
Thro
w-in
des
igna
tion
7
Shooting/scoring
Not c
lose
ly g
uard
ed12 Si
gnal
free
thro
w19
46
Dela
yed
lane
vi
olat
ion
Trav
elin
g vi
olat
ion
Over
bac
k
Illeg
al d
ribbl
e
3-Se
cond
vio
latio
n
Free
thro
wde
sign
ated
sp
otvi
olat
ion
Exce
ssiv
esw
ingi
ng
elbo
ws
28
2021
22 5-Se
cond
vio
latio
n25
29
Violations
Fouls
26
Hold
ing
Hand
che
ckIll
egal
use
of h
ands
Bloc
king
Inte
ntio
nal
foul
Push
ing
char
ging
Kick
ing
3332
31
34
30
35Pl
ayer
con
trol
36
Doub
le fo
ul
23Pa
lmin
g ca
rry
24
2739
Tech
nica
l fou
l40
Team
con
trol
37
3810
-Sec
ond
viol
atio
n
47
2015-16 BASKETBALL RULE CHANGES
10-6-12 The following acts constitute a foul when committed against a ball handler/dribbler. A player becomes a ball handler when he/she receives the ball. This would include a player in a post position.
a. Placing two hands on the player. b. Placing an extended arm bar on the player. c. Placing and keeping a hand on the player. d. Contacting the player more than once with the same hand or alternating
hands. Rationale: The current rule covers the ball handler/dribbler situations but ignores the action that goes on in the post area with the hands, arm bars, etc. The additional language will clarify that the illegal acts should be ruled for every position on the floor.
Signal New
Establish a signal to be used after a basket is made and there is a stoppage in play. The signal is used by the officials to indicate the team inbounding the ball may run the baseline. The signal will be executed by extending the arm laterally, bending the elbow at a 90-degree angle, moving the hand and forearm from the elbow in a waving motion horizontally along the end line. A new picture will need to be added to the signal chart. Rationale: Currently there is no signal to indicate when a player may move along the baseline after a made basket and there is a stoppage in play. (ie: timeout, injury).
2015-16 MAJOR EDITORIAL CHANGES
3-4-2c By state association adoption one commemorative/memorial patch may be worn on
the jersey. The patch shall not exceed 4 square inches, shall not be a number and must be located above the neckline or in the side insert.
3-5-3c
All sleeves/tights shall be the same solid color and must be the same color as any headband or wristband worn.
3-5-4a
Headbands and wristbands shall be black, white, beige or the predominant color of the jersey and the same color for each item and all participants. They must be the same color as any sleeve/tights worn. See 3-6 for logo requirements.
2015-16 POINTS OF EMPHASIS
1. Post Play 2. Rebounding 3. Free Throw Shooter 4. NFHS Signals and Mechanics
48
COMMENTS ON THE 2015-16 RULES CHANGES
PLAYERS, SUBSITITUTES AND EQUIPMENT (3-4-2b NOTE added): The note was
added to be consistent with other NFHS sports to allow a single American Flag to be
worn on the jersey. The basketball uniform consists of a jersey, shorts or a skirt. State
Associations may allow for special occasion, commemorative or memorial patches not
to exceed the 4 square inch maximum allowed. The special patch may be worn on the
jersey in an area that does not compromise the integrity of the number.
DEFINITIONS (4-19-7, clarified): The current definition of a team control foul has been
in place since 2011-12. This provided greater consistency in the application of penalties
for common fouls during a throw-in. A common foul committed by the offense would
always result in possession to the offended team. The change was accomplished by
modifying the definitions of team control and player control.
To further clarify, the end of the throw in may not end team control for the purpose of
ruling a team control foul. The act of legally touching the ball after the release of the
throw in, ends the throw in, but does not end ‘team control status’ for the purpose of
ruling a team control foul.
CONTACT (10-6-12, clarified): The change in 2014-15 identified specific acts that are
to be ruled fouls when applied on a ball handler/dribbler. Changes have been made by
the committee to clarify when a player becomes a ball handler. When a player
becomes the ball handler the provisions of rule 10-6-12 will apply.
49
2015-16 Points of Emphasis
1. POST PLAY
New information has been added to the Rule Book that addresses cleaning up post play. It is legal for offensive and defensive players to touch when both are maintaining a legally established position. Illegal contact on a post player is any tactic using hands or arms or just generally demonstrates rough physical movements that allows a player on offense or defense to control the movement of an opposing player. It is a foul and should be ruled as such when:
a. An opponent is displaced from a legally established or obtained position; b. An arm-bar is extended and displaces an opponent; c. A locked and/or extended elbow displaces an opponent; d. A leg or knee is used in the rear of an opponent to hold or displace; e. Holding, hooking, slapping, pinning or pushing the leg or body of an opponent; f. An offensive post player “backs-down” and displaces the defender once that defender
has established a legal guarding position. 2. REBOUNDING
One of the leading causes of injury in high school basketball continues to be the result of illegal
contact that takes place during rebounding. Any activity to illegally gain rebounding position on
an opponent must be properly enforced and penalized. Some examples of illegal rebounding
activity are:
a. Displacing, charging or pushing an opponent;
b. Extending the arms or elbows to impede the movement of an opponent;
c. Using the hips or knees to hinder or impede an opponent;
d. Violation of the principle of verticality;
e. Contact between players in free-throw lane spaces prior to the ball being released by
the free thrower.
Rebounders include each player involved in the act, whether an offensive or defensive player. It
is a coach’s responsibility to teach players the proper rule based technics of legal rebounding.
3. FREE THROW SHOOTER
Rule 9-1-3g was revised in 2014-15 to allow a player occupying a marked lane space to enter the
lane on the release of the ball by the free thrower. As a result of this change, protection of the
free thrower needs to be emphasized. On release of the ball by the free thrower, the defender
boxing out shall not cross the free-throw line extended into the semicircle until the ball contacts
the ring or backboard. A player, other than the free thrower, who does not occupy a marked
lane space, may not have either foot beyond the vertical plane of the free-throw line extended
and the three-point line which is farther from the basket until the ball touches the ring or
backboard or until the free throw ends.
4. NFHS SIGNALS AND MECHANICS
The NFHS Basketball Officials Manual was revised for 2015-16. Officials are reminded that,
when officiating a high school basketball game, the proper NFHS signals and NFHS mechanics
are to be used.
50
ArbiterSports
UIL/Texas Exceptions to NFHS Rules
Saturday, March 15, 2014
UIL/Texas Exceptions to NFHS Rules
1. Six-foot coaching box centered on either the first or second seat nearest the division line. (Sub-
Varsity and Middle School Coaches Only)
2. Foul reporting area: Clear the players and go above the free-throw line extended outside the 3-
point line. (Both 2 & 3 person)
3. Officials should only switch on shooting fouls and the foul-calling official will go table side. If foul-
calling official is already on table side there will be no switch. (2 person)
4. Time-out procedure in both 2-Person & 3-Person during a 30-second time-out, go to the top of the
3-point circle. On a 60-second time-out, go to free-throw lane blocks opposite the bench area. In 3-
Person, one official stays at the throw-in spot or at the end-line that free-throws will be taken. In 2-
Person put the ball on the floor at throw-in spot or on the free-throw line if free-throws are going to be
attempted.
5. Two-handed foul reporting, all other reporting mechanics remain the same.
6. 3-Person mechanics on new NFHS rule change. Texas will not use the new switch, we will not
make a long switch when calling a foul in the backcourt at "Lead". The official that called the foul at
"Lead" will clear players to report to the table as we have been doing then go back and become the
"Trail" official. Effective 2014 - 2015 Season
Printed from ArbiterSports.com
51
52
Pregame
53
Jump Ball
54
Primary Court Coverage
55
Free Throw Coverage
56
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PRE‐GAME CONFERENCE The great importance placed on the pregame conference with officiating partners has made the concept almost natural. Nearly everyone in officiating agrees that a pregame conference is a significant ingredient of a successful game. If you talk about it before it occurs during a game, you will be better prepared to deal with situations that occur during a game. There are as many different pregame conferences as there are officials. There is no magic formula for a ‘successful’ pregame conference. There are a number of topics, however, that should be included. TEAM BUILDING Create a pleasant working atmosphere with your partner. Judge your partner’s temperament – tough day a work, feeling great about life in general, eager for a good game. All too often, crews stop at this point and do not get into the serious business of conducting a meaningful pregame conference RULE CHANGES/MAJOR DIFFERENCES Cover recent rule changes, especially at the beginning of the season when the rules and interpretations may still be a bit unclear. Cover major rule differences if you are working different levels of play – for example, going from college games to high school games. If there are mechanics, court coverage changes, cover these in depth. PRE‐GAME RESPONSIBILITIES Determine when you will be arriving on the floor making sure that you are on the floor fifteen (15) minutes prior. The referee will check the scorebook, when both officials will meet with the captains and head coaches. By discussing these items prior to taking the floor, you and your partner will look professional in carrying out these duties. TABLE DUTIES Discuss how you will approach table personnel. Make them feel as if they are an important part of the officiating team. Perhaps one of you has worked at this gymnasium recently and knows the table crew is experienced and proficient. Discuss with them the possibility of having to use hand signals to report information because of crowd noise. The most important item is that the officials and table personnel are on the same ‘page’ with communication. JUMP BALL Determine the referee, the philosophies of ‘calling the toss back’ and the proper coverage after the jump ball has ended COURT COVERAGE This is probably the most time consuming portion and the most important. Discuss floor coverage as the trail and as the lead. Diagram proper ‘off ball’ coverage to ensure proper control of the game, Discuss ‘press’ coverage, delay coverage, fast break coverage, special defenses or any situation that might occur regarding court coverage. Discuss primary coverage area responsibilities of trail/lead.
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MAKING THE CALL Discuss proper clear and concise signals, partner eye contact and dead ball officiating. Discuss responsibilities of the ‘off’ official, disqualification of a player mechanic, proper position when reporting, double whistles, throw in spot or free throws and getting the ball back ‘in play’. THROW‐INS Eye contact is a must when placing the ball at the disposal of the thrower‐in, the use of the bounce pass or when to hand the ball to the thrower. Discuss balancing court coverage and areas of responsibility. Check table, count players, eye contact with partner prior to presenting. FREE THROW RESPONSIBILITIES Discuss proper signals and floor positions prior and during throw. Lead and trail assume same position on all throws. Hustle players to the line, obtain the correct shooter. Make sure players are in correct spaces. Stay alert during dead ball periods. TIMING COUNTS Be aware of different counting situations – 5 – second throw‐in, 5 – second closely guarded, 10 – second backcourt, 10 – second free throw. These are all visible counts. The 3 – second count is not visible but an inaudible count. Practice counting at home with a stop watch. Use a good visible count when required. TECHNICAL FOULS Discuss the administration. Come together and discuss quickly as to the correct end the TF is to be administered. Discuss the non‐administrating official’s position in the event of potential problems. TIME‐OUT RESPONSIBILITIES The official granting the timeout reports to table. No relaying a time out request. Must have confirmation of type of timeout requested. Discuss positions for ensuing throw‐in or free throw. Discuss 1st horn procedure. Be alert for coach’s request for throw‐in spot. Count players before resuming play. Stay alive while the ball is dead. SUBSTITUTIONS Discuss how you will recognize substitutes. Use the ‘stop’ signal to your partner and simultaneously beckon in the substitute(s). Your partner knows not to put the ball in play after making eye contact and seeing the ‘stop’ sign. Don’t allow substitutes to ‘string out’. (One after another). Be sure and count players prior to the ensuing throw‐in. On a disqualification, take your time and make sure the substitute is replacing the DQ player. GOALTENDING AND BASKET INTERFERENCE In games where players are likely to be playing “above the rim” discuss the mechanics of the rule. Both officials must be aware of GT and BI and not be surprised if it occurs. FIGHTING Fighting happens so seldom that many officials are confused what to do in the aftermath. Spending a moment in your pre‐game allows you to go through a “What if? – and collect your thoughts as how to penalize. Discuss action required if bench personnel leave their bench area.
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Discuss ‘off setting’ technical fouls. Be prepared to send a full report to the commissioner after the game. BENCH DECORUM This is an important, often overlooked in pre‐game conferences. Make sure that both officials have the same idea about what is acceptable conduct and what isn’t. Both officials must be on the same page on this subject. INJURED PLAYERS Go over certain liability concerns, then decide what action should be taken if a player is injured. Under no circumstance should you touch an injured player. Know the injured player rule. HALFTIME MECHANIC Move to the proper position on the court, wait for teams and coaches to exit floor. If coach(s) move toward you, use the ‘stop’ sign signal and inform him/her that you will talk to him/her when returning to the floor. Make sure that someone will notify you so that you can return to the floor on time. Make sure that the referee switches the AP arrow to begin the 2nd half prior to going to the locker room. SHOT AT THE BUZZER Make certain both officials understand who has the responsibility for last‐second shots. There is nothing worse than two officials making opposite calls on a shot at the buzzer. Normally, the trail will have the last second shot. Stay alert! LEAVING THE FLOOR UPON GAME COMPLETION Is eye contact with your partner necessary prior to leaving the floor? Are you making eye contact with the scorer? If you suspect a problem, go to the scorer/timer prior to exiting. If no problems exist, exit the floor quickly together. GAME EXPECTATIONS Know the team history of your game. Has the two teams had problems in previous games such as fighting? Is the game a major historical rivalry? Are both head coaches a problem? Could the crowd become hostile? How do we handle a situation when the crowd interferes with play? Take time to discuss these potential concerns and have a smooth running game. Know where game management is located in the event of a problem. F. Howard Mayo OSAA Basketball State Rules Interpreter
11/09
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The Most Misunderstood Basketball Rules Whether it is due to rule changes, differences between the NFHS, NCAA, and NBA rule books, or simply not understanding the rules as written, these are the most misunderstood rules in high school basketball. It is not only important to know the rules, but it is essential to know the intent and purpose of a rule so that it may be intelligently applied in each play situation.
1. The backboard has nothing to do with goaltending under NFHS rules. Goaltending is when a player touches the ball during a try or tap while it is in its downward flight, entirely above the basket ring level, and has the possibility of entering the basket. It is legal to pin the ball against the backboard if it still on the way up and not in the imaginary cylinder above the basket. Slapping the backboard is neither basket interference nor is it goaltending. A player who strikes a backboard during a tap or try so forcefully that it cannot be ignored because it is an attempt to draw attention to the player (or a means of venting frustration) may be assessed a technical foul. When a player simply attempts to block a shot and accidentally slaps the backboard it is neither a violation nor a technical foul.
2. The front, top, sides, and bottom of the backboard are all in play. The ball cannot legally pass over a rectangular backboard from either direction. The back of a backboard is out of bounds as well as the supporting structures.
3. The traveling rule is one of the most misunderstood rules in basketball. To start a dribble, the ball must be released before the pivot foot is lifted. On a pass or a shot, the pivot foot may be lifted, but may not return to the floor before the ball is released. A player may slide on the floor while trying to secure a loose ball until that player’s momentum stops. At that point that player cannot attempt to get up or rollover. A player securing a ball while on the floor cannot attempt to stand up unless that player starts a dribble. If the player is flat on his or her back, that player may sit up without violating.
4. During a fumble the player is not in control of the ball, and therefore cannot be called for a traveling violation. A fumble is the accidental loss of player control when the ball is unintentionally dropped or slips from a player’s grasp. After a player has ended a dribble and fumbled the ball, that player may recover the ball without violating. Any steps taken during the recovery of a fumble are not traveling, regardless of how far the ball goes and the amount of advantage that is gained. It is always legal to recover a fumble, even at the end of a dribble. However, that player cannot begin a new dribble as it would be an illegal dribble violation. A player who fumbles the ball when receiving a pass may legally start a dribble.
5. The shooter can retrieve his or her own airball, if the referee considers it to be a shot attempt. Since the release ends team control, it is not a violation for that player to start another dribble at that point. When an airborne player keeps control of an attempted shot that is blocked and returns to the floor with it, that player has not traveled; it is a held ball. If, in this situation, the shooter loses control of the ball because of the block, then this is simply a blocked shot and play continues. When an airborne player tries for goal, sees that the try will be blocked, purposely drops the ball, and picks up the ball after it hits the floor, that player has traveled by starting a dribble with the pivot foot off the floor.
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6. High dribbles are not violations. Palming or carrying is when the ball comes to rest in the player's hand, and the player either travels with the ball, or dribbles a second time. There is no restriction as to how high a player may bounce the ball, provided the ball does not come to rest in a player’s hand. It is not possible for a player to travel during a dribble.
7. During a designated spot throw-in, the player inbounding the ball must keep one foot on or over the three-foot wide designated spot. An inbounding player is allowed to jump or move one or both feet. A player inbounding the ball may move backward as far as the five-second time limit or space allows. If player moves outside the three-foot wide designated spot it is a throw in violation, not traveling
8. A moving screen is not in and of itself a foul, illegal contact must occur for a foul to be called. If a blind screen is set on a stationary defender, the defender must be given one normal step to change direction and attempt to avoid contact. If a screen is set on a moving defender, the defender gets a minimum of one step and a maximum of two steps, depending on the speed and distance of the defender.
9. “Reaching in” and “over the back” are NOT fouls. There must be illegal contact to have a foul. The mere act of reaching in, by itself, is nothing. If illegal contact does occur, it’s probably a holding foul, an illegal use of hands foul, or a hand check foul. Similarly, a taller player may often be able to get a rebound over a shorter player, even if the shorter player has good rebounding position. If the shorter player is displaced, then a pushing foul must be called. A rebounding player, with an inside position, while boxing out, is not allowed to push back or displace an opponent, which is a pushing foul.
10. A defensive player does not have to remain stationary to take a charge. A defender may turn away or duck to absorb contact, provided he or she has already established legal guarding position, which is both feet on the playing court and facing the opponent. The defender can always move backwards or sideways to maintain a legal guarding position and may even have one or both feet off the playing court when contact occurs. That player may legally rise vertically. However, if the defender is moving forward, then the contact is caused by the defender, which is a blocking foul.
11. When an airborne shooter commits a player control foul, the successful goal is disallowed. This is true regardless of whether the try was released before or after the foul.
12. A ten-second count continues when the defense deflects or bats the ball in the backcourt. When a dribbler is advancing the ball into the frontcourt, the ball maintains backcourt status until both feet and the ball touch entirely in the frontcourt.
13. It is not a backcourt violation if a throw in is deflected, tipped, or batted by an offensive player in the frontcourt to an offensive player in the backcourt. The same is true after a missed field goal attempt or a missed foul shot attempt.
14. The intent of the three-second rule is to not allow an offensive player to gain an advantage. There is no three-second count between the release of a shot and the control of a rebound, at which time a new count starts. There is no three-second count during a throw in or while the ball is in the backcourt. There is a three-second count during an interrupted dribble. Allowance
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shall be made for a player who, having been in the restricted area for less than three seconds, dribbles in or moves immediately to try for goal.
15. For free throws when there are no rebounders in the marked lane spaces, i.e. technical fouls and intentional fouls, the nine non-shooters shall remain behind the free throw line extended and behind the three point arc. There is no requirement for them to line up at the division line!
16. Intentional fouls almost always are penalized with two free throws, including when the basket is made. The only exception would be for intentional fouls on three-point shot attempts, in which case three free throws are awarded. The ensuing throw in for the fouled team is at the point of interruption, not at midcourt.
17. Kicking the ball is intentionally striking it with any part of the leg or foot. An unintentionally kicked ball is never illegal, regardless of how far the ball goes and who recovers it. It is also illegal to hit the ball with a fist.
18. Officials may explain some calls if approached by the head coach in a respectful manner. Head coaches are responsible for not only their conduct, but that of substitutes, disqualified team members, and all other bench personnel. The penalty for unsporting conduct is a technical foul and is direct to the coach if he or she is the offender or indirect to the coach if the offender is bench personnel.
Officials are on the court to be the only unbiased arbiters of the game. Officials are not concerned with who wins or loses, but only fairness and safety. Everyone else in that gym cares about winning, and therefore cannot look at the game objectively. Players commit fouls and violations; officials view those infractions, judge the action, and then apply the rules of the game to what they had viewed. The rules then determine the applicable penalty.
Adopted from: http://forum.officiating.com/basketball/93309-misunderstood-rules.html and http://www.arbitersports.com/Groups/105990/Library/files/The%2025%20MOST%20MisunderstoodRulesInHighSchoolBasketball.pdf
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