New Perspectives and Programs in Italy for Advanced Applications of High Brightness Beams

Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002

ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”

New Perspectives and Programs in Italy for Advanced Applications of High Brightness Beams

• Genesis of a Program for an Italian Coherent X-ray

Source : Fasella Panel & the PNR (Nat. Research Plan)

• The F.I.S.R. Call for Proposals (11 M¤): the Project

SPARC @ LNF-INFN (9.5 M¤) is selected

• The F.I.R.B. Call (96 M¤ ): the 2 Proposals SPARX

(ENEA/CNR/INFN/Tor Vergata Un.) and Fermi@Elettra (INFM/ST)

aiming at building a 1.5 nm SASE-FEL

Luca Serafini INFN-Milan and University of Milan



X-ray sources over the last 100 years

SASE-FELs will allow an unprecedented upgrade in Source Brilliance

Why a Coherent X-ray Source in Italy ?



Covering from the VUV to the 1 Å X-ray spectral range



This Ultra-Bright Coherent Radiation opens up new Research Frontiers in several fields:

• Atomic physics• Plasma and warm dense matter• Femtosecond chemistry• Life science• Single Biological molecules and clusters• Imaging / holography• Micro and nano lithography

X-rays are the ideal probe for determining the structureof matter on the atomic and molecular scale



Radiation properties of a “4th generation source”

3rd generation 4th generation Scientific drive towards4th generation

High flux and brightness Orders of magnitude higherthan in 3rd generation sources

Non-linear phenomena,dynamic structure

determinationShort bunches(tens of ps)

1-2 order of magnitudeshorter (sub-ps)

Pump-probeexperiments

Partially transverselycoherent

Fully transversely coherent Atomic resolutionholography,

speckle diffraction

Naturalmonochromatization

FELs



Electron Beam Energy 13 ÷50 GeVNormalized Emittance 1.6 mm-mradPeak Current 5.0 kAEnergy spread 2.5 MeV

Wavelength 1÷5 ÅPeak Coherent Power 37 GWPeak Brightness * 8.3 1033

Average Brightness * 4.9 1025

* photons/sec/mm2/mrad2/0.1%-BW

TESLA-FELLinac - Undulator

Parameters

What does it take to build a SASE X-ray FEL?

Undulator Period 3 cmUndulator Length 100 mUndulator Parameter 1.7

100 M¤ 1 G¤Initiative



In 1998 Three Crucial Aspects of this Scenario drove the National Scientific Community and the

Italian Dept. of Research (M.U.R.S.T.) to undertake a concrete initiative

• Funding Requirements and Man Power Requested for such a

Program

• Strong and Wide Interdisciplinary Interest of National Res.

Institutes (ENEA, CNR, INFN, INFM)

• Existence of Two Major Proposals in the Intern. Scenario

(LCLS @ SLAC & TESLA-FEL @ DESY) strongly linked to

serious R&D effort in the High Brightness Beam Field



A Strong Push from Arcidosso 2000

Per vedere questa immagineoccorre QuickTime™ e un

decompressore GIF.

The 19th ICFAAdvanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources

Physics and Science withThe X-ray Free-Electron Laser

(Arcidosso, Italy, September 10-15, 2000)C. Pellegrini and M. Cornacchia

• The Italian Community gathers under the auspices of that scientific environment The real work starts to prepare a proposal (among others, A. Renieri, M. Ferrario, M. Mattioli, L. Palumbo, P. Perfetti, LS, G. D’Auria)



• 1998 - The Fasella Panel A panel lead by Paolo Fasella held a meeting in Sept. 1998 at the Nat. Res. Dept., focused on the realisation in Italy of a Ultra-high Brilliance X-ray Source : among others (A.Renieri, P.Perfetti, E.Iarocci, P.Laurelli, G.Vignola, G. Margaritondo) C. Rubbia and Björn Wiik , attending the meeting, strongly encouraged the preparation of a proposal to the Italian Government. Summaries of the meeting came out with serious recommendations to the Gov. to fund future initiatives in

the field

• 2000 – PNR (National Research Plan)The Italian Gov. responded by allocating 96 M¤ for aMulti-purpose X-ray Laser with Ultra-High Brilliance + 11 M¤ for R&D activity focused on SASE-FEL’s driven by High

Brightness Electron Beams

The Milestones



The National Research Plan (PNR)

• Funded by 10% of the money raised in the Government Auction run in 2000 for Next Gen. Cellular Network licences (UMTS), it encompasses 10 programs (Genoma, Nanotechnologies, X-ray laser, etc.) for a total of 1033 M¤ .

• Large Infrastructures (a section of PNR) were foreseen for 2 initiatives:1) Multi-purpose X-ray Laser with Ultra-High Brilliance 96 M¤

2) Center for the climate study of the Mediterranean 21 M¤ aiming at driving and/or consolidating the development of european initiatives

• The Italian Gov. responded to the recommendation by the Fasella PanelNational Research Institutions were supposed to prepare proposals:

67 M¤ will cover the 70% of the budget (hardware). The additional 30%(man power) has to be added by Institutions (or Collaboration) winning the call for proposals



Two tools for funding the X-ray FEL Program:

FISR (fondo integrativo speciale ricerca) for R&DFIRB (fondo investimenti ricerca di base) for FEL

FISR (Fondo Integrativo Speciale Ricerca)

• Call for proposals published in February 2001

•11 M¤ allocated for R&D onInnovative components for high intensity VUV and X, coherent and incoherent multi-purpose sources

• Joint proposal by CNR-ENEA-INFN-Tor Vergata Univ.-INFM-ST for a 150 MeV ultrabrilliant photoinjector and a UV-SASE experiment



INFN : ultra-brilliant photoinjector at 150 MeV 4.4 M¤

• Control the beam emittance • Control the energy spread• Compress the bunch-length by a factor >5• Explore the feasibility of the RF compressor

ENEA : undulator for SASE-FEL @ 520-150 nm (green-UV) 3.2 M¤

• Investigate the mechanism of High Order Harmonics generation

CNR : Optics for X-rays manipulation 1.3 M¤

INFM : Soft X-ray Source 0.6 M¤

TASKS

The rev. committee selected the Project SPARC in December 2001with 85% allocation of the requested budget (9.5 M¤ vs. 11 M¤)



Frequency: 2856 MHz Normal Conducting

GUN PARAMETERS LINAC PARAMETERS

Peak Field: 120-140 MV/m (15 MW) Accelerating Field: 25-30 MV/m (50 MW)

Solenoid Field: 0.3 Tesla Solenoid Field: 0.1 Tesla

Charge: 1 nC Beam Energy: 150 MeV

Laser: 10 ps x 1 mm (Flat Top)

8 m

150 MeV Photo-injector R&D proposed at LNF

3 Major Components



10 copies of this gun operated routinely around the world (USA, Japan):it holds the emittance record

courtesy of D. T. Palmer



Laser System

CW, Diode-pumped Doubled Nd:YVO 5W, 532 nm

4

CW,Mode-lockedTi:sapphire oscillator100 fs pulses @ 100 MHz1 W, 10 nJ/pulse, 800 nm

Temporal Pulse Shaper

Ti:SapphireRegenerative Amplifier 2 mJ/pulse, 1 kHz 2 W @ 800 nm

Q-switched, Diode-pumped Doubled Nd:YVO 20 W @ 1 kHz 20 mJ, 200 fs

4

Pulse Stretcher

Pulse Picker

Timing Stabilization Circuit

Ti:SapphireMultipass Amplifier 10 mJ/pulse, 100 Hz 0.8 W @ 800 nm

Q-switched, Diode-pumped Doubled Nd:YVO 3 W @ 100 Hz 30 mJ, 200 fs

4

Q-switched, Diode-pumped Doubled Nd:YVO 3 W @ 100 Hz 30 mJ, 200 fs

4

Pulse Compressor

SHGTHG

To Electron Gun



Temporal distributions of shaped UV laser pulsesTemporal distributions of shaped UV laser pulses

by a X-ray streak cameraby a X-ray streak camera

Gaussian pulse shapeGaussian pulse shape Square pulse shapeSquare pulse shape

The flatness of square-shaped laser pulse:The flatness of square-shaped laser pulse: 5~25% 5~25% @ 4~14 ps FWHM@ 4~14 ps FWHMThe fluctuation of shaped pulse length: The fluctuation of shaped pulse length: 7% (pulse-to-pulse)7% (pulse-to-pulse)@both shapes@both shapes

Achieving Uniform Bunch Distributionsusing Flat-Top Laser Pulses @ Sumitomo SHI + FESTA

Courtesy of F. Sakai



εn = (a'Q)2 +b'2

a' b'= εrf2 +εth

2

mm-mrad/nC mm-mrad

Gaussian(9ps) 1.85±0.13 0.83±0.05Gaussian(9ps) 1.85±0.13 0.83±0.05Square (9ps) 0.92±0.05 0.81±0.03Square (9ps) 0.92±0.05 0.81±0.03

Laser pulse length: 9ps FWHMLaser pulse length: 9ps FWHM

Emittance measurementsEmittance measurementsfor gaussian and square laser pulse shapesfor gaussian and square laser pulse shapes

The reduction of the linear space-charge emittance The reduction of the linear space-charge emittance for the square pulse shape:for the square pulse shape: ~50%.~50%.

Courtesy of F. Sakai

Achieving Record Emittances @ Sumitomo SHI + FESTA



0

0.5

1

1.5

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2.5

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3.5

0 2 4 6 8 10Z_[m]

GunLinac

rms beam size [mm]

rms norm. emittance [um]

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006

z=0.23891

Pr

R [m]

-0.05

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z=1.5

Pr

R [m]

-0.04

-0.02

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z=10

pr_[rad]

R_[m]

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0.0035

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-0.003 -0.002 -0.001 0 0.001 0.002 0.003

z=0.23891

Rs [m]

Zs-Zb [m]

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0.0015

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0.0025

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-0.003 -0.002 -0.001 0 0.001 0.002 0.003

Z=10

Rs [m]

Zs-Zb [m]

0

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0.0015

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0.0025

0.003

0.0035

0.004

-0.003 -0.002 -0.001 0 0.001 0.002 0.003

z=1.5

Rs [m]

Zs-Zb [m]

S-band photoinjector up to 150 MeV, HOMDYN simulation

(RF Gun + 2 Traveling Wave Structures)

Q=1nC, L=10ps, R=1 mm, Epeak=140 MV/m, TW Eacc = 25 MV/m

Final emittance = 0.4 m

Matching onto the Local Emittance Max.Ferrario’s working point, adopted byLCLS and TTF-FEL II injectors



NEW CONCEPTS Velocity Bunching in Photoinjectors i.e.

Compression during Acceleration

• Alternative option of bunch compression high brightness sub-ps beams

(as needed by X-Ray SASE Fel’s)

• Compression is rectilinear (no Coherent Synch. Radiation effects), based on

longitudinal focusing in slow RF waves

• Performed at low energy (10-80 MeV), fully integrated into the emittance

correction process (for maximum brightness)

LS and M. Ferrario, AIP 581 (2001) 87



γr=27 ; βr=0.9993

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 2 4 6 8 10

I [A] T [MeV]

Z [m]

Slow wave structure Standard v=c structure

Compression during acceleration

Velocity Bunching, an example on LCLS injector

Current scalingwith energy



SPARC Project @INFN-LNF

Collab. AmongENEA-INFN-CNR-Univ. Roma2-ST-INFM

C. Ronsivalle



SPARC Linac located in an existing underground Bunker@ LNF





A view of the complex with Shielding Ground removed



A view of the complex with Shielding Ground and building roof removed





Bunker is available as of today with utilities:it needs to be cleaned up



Linac Lay-out - Phase I

1 5 M W6 M e V

LAS

ER

C

1 5 0 M e V S P A R C IN J E C T O R

F A S E 1

2 1 2 8 C

P . S

A t t

A t t

P . S .

S L E D

K

2 1 2 8 C

P .S .A t t

K

F a s t P . S .

2 8 5 6 M H z R F I N

1 5 M W

4

m

s e c

d .c .

d .c .

d .c . d .c . d .c .5 5 M W 5 5 M W

1 2 0 M W

0 .8

m

s e c

3 d B C o u p le r

A tt

7 5 M e V 7 5 M e V

A

A

> 1 5 0 M e V

S L A C - ty p e

2

p

/ 3S L A C - ty p e

2

p

/ 3

R F g u n

2 5 0 W

2 5 0 W



Linac Lay-out of Phase II - with RF Compressor

1 5 M W6 M e V

LAS

ER

3 d B C o u p le r

P .S

A t t

d .c .5 5 M W

7 5 M e V

S L A C -ty p e

2

p

/3

C

150 MeV S PA R C INJ E C TO R

FAS E 2

2128C

A tt

P .S .

S LE D

K

2128C

F a st P .S .d .c .

120 M W

0.8

m

s e c

A ttA

2 5 0 W

P .S .A tt

K

2 8 5 6 M H z R F IN4 5 M W

4

m

se cd .c .

d .c . d.c .5 5 M W

7 5 M e V

A

S L A C - typ e

2

p

/3

R F g un

2 5 0 W

2 5 M W

d.c .

d .c .

R F c om p re s s io n

A tt

P .S

A tt

1 5 0 /2 0 0 M e V



SPARC Lay-out



1st year 2nd year 3rd year1.1 Laser 1.2 RF Gun 1.3 Linac 1.4 Diagn.-contr. 1.5 Commiss.

design acquisition assembling test

SPARC Linac: the Time Table

We are waiting for delivery of the funding to our Institutions:released by a Techn. Committee of the Res. Department (MIUR)



FIRB (Fondo Investimenti Ricerca di Base)

• Call for proposals published in December 2001

• 96 M¤ allocated for the realization of an

Ultra-brilliant multi-purpose pulsed X-Rays Laser.

• SPARX proposal submitted on Feb. 26th 2002 by a collaboration among CNR-ENEA-INFN-Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”

• Fermi@Elettra proposal submitted by INFM & Sincrotrone Trieste



SPARX Study Group

CNRAvaldi L., Camilloni R. (I.M.I.P.-C.N.R.)Carbone C., Colonna S., Cricenti A., De Padova I.P., Lagomarsino S., Ottaviani C., Perfetti P., Prosperi T.,Quaresima C., Rossi Albertini V., Zema N. (I.S.M.-C.N.R.)Pifferi A. (I.C.-C.N.R.)

ENEAR. Bartolini, F. Ciocci, G. Dattoli, A. Doria, F. Flora, G. P. Gallerano, L. Giannessi, E. Giovenale, G. Messina, L. Mezi, P. L. Ottaviani, L.Picardi, M. Quattromini, A. Renieri e C. Ronsivalle.

INFND.Alesini, S.Bertolucci, M. E. Biagini, C.Biscari, R.Boni, M.Boscolo, M.Castellano, A.Clozza, G. Di Pirro, A.Drago, A.Esposito, M.Ferrario, V.Fusco, A.Gallo, A.Ghigo, S.Guiducci, M.Incurvati, P.Laurelli, C.Ligi, F.Marcellini, M. Migliorati, C.Milardi, L.Palumbo, L.Pellegrino, M.Preger, R.Ricci, C.Sanelli, F.Sgamma, B.Spataro, A.Stecchi, A.Stella, F.Tazzioli, C.Vaccarezza, M.Vescovi, V.Verzilov, C.Vicario, M.Zobov (INFN /LNF)E. Acerbi, F.Alessandria, D.Barni, G.Bellomo, C. Birattari, M.Bonardi, I.Boscolo, A.Bosotti, F.Broggi, S.Cialdi, C.DeMartinis, D.Giove, C.Maroli, P.Michelato, L.Monaco, C.Pagani, V.Petrillo, P.Pierini, L. Serafini, D.Sertore, G.Volpini (INFN /Milano) E. Chiadroni, G. Felici, D. Levi , M. Mastrucci, M.Mattioli, G. S. Petrarca (INFN /Roma1)

UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA “TOR VERGATA”S. Stucchi, D. Flamini, C. Schaerf, L. Catani, A Cianchi, A. Desideri, S. Morante, S. Piccirillo, N. Rosato, V. Sessa, M.L. Terranova



What can we do with 67 M¤ (+30% m.p.) ?Which Linac for what FEL r ?

• This is the first X-ray FEL initiative for which the Linac is not available or provided by other programs

• The study group decided to start a broad band investigation to compare different schemes and technologies

• The aim was to develop a program able to reach a wavelength range of interest (i.e. with a good scientific case), consistent with the available budget.

• As indicated by the Presidents of the collaborating Institutions, the project is meant to be evolutionary, that is compatible to a long term upgrade expected to reach the final goal of a 1 Å Coherent Radiation Source



0.1 1 10 1000

20

40

60

80

1 GeV2 GeV3 GeV

3.5 GeV4 GeV5 GeV

Wavelength (nm)0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

0

20

40

60

80

1 GeV2 GeV3 GeV

3.5 GeV4 GeV5 GeV

Photon energy (eV)

L. Giannessi

A good Scientific Case in the 10 nm 1 nm range:High Peak Brightness ( > 1030 ) Ultra-short (< 100 fs)radiation pulses are of great interest in various areas

Steps at 10 nm and 1.5 nm, paving the road toward 1 Å



E [GeV] 2.5

[%] 0.1

I [kA] 2.5

u [cm] 3

K 1.669

Gap [mm] 12

3D simulation with GENESIS



Which technology for a 2.5 GeV Linac with long term evolution toward 1 Å ?

• 2.5 GeV is consistent with = 1.5 nm

• [nm] 1.5 1 Å

• I [kA] 2.5 3-5

• n [m] 2(1) 1

• [%] 0.1 0.07

• T [GeV] 2.5 10



Examined two solutions:

S-band Room-Temperature

S-band Photoinector with RF CompressorRF Gun + 4 SLAC TW

SLAC TWAcc. Structures

MagneticCompressor

1 GeV700 A

150 MeV700 A

2.5 GeV2.5 kA

SLAC TWAcc. Structures

200 mEacc = 18-20 MeV/m



With RF compression

R56=40 mmT=1 GeVI=700 -> 2 kA

M. Ferrario

0

500

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2500

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I [A]

T [MeV]

/[%]

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[ ]Z m

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/[%]

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[ ]I A

[ ]T MeV

/[%]

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L-band Super-Conducting

S-band Photoinector with RF CompressorRF Gun + 4 SLAC TW

L-band RF Gun

6 MeV50 A

150 MeV800 A

500 MeV800 A

2.5 GeV2.5 kA

3 TESLACriomodules

10 TESLACriomodules

M.C.



(S-band)

n=0.42m

@ I = 100 A

(L-band)n=0.8 m @ I = 50 A

0

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1

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Z_[m]

GunLinac

rms beam size [mm]

rms norm. emittance [um]



0

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enx_[mmmrad] Dg/g_[%]

enx_[mmmrad] Dg/g_[%]

Z_[m]

L-band injector + Linac



5 m

3 m

4 m

8m

3 m

4 m

Ondulatore

Ondulatore



100 m

2.5 GeV

10 GeV

1500 m

0 m

210 m

735 m



Cost of a 1.5 nm source

Costs (in M¤) are expected to be restricted toLinac 34 Undulators 10 Radiation beam lines 10 Contingency 13

Linac’s Cost Estimates are:

L-band Linac (Tesla type) 40 (injector included)

S-band Linac (Slac type) 32 (injector included)

Infrastructures: 12.5 M¤ (funding request subm. to reg. gov.)



• The budget is consistent with the goal of 1.5 nm

• We have an innovative solution for the Linac lay-out which appears to relax the criticality of beam compression

• We have identified two possible options :

• S-band Linac is technologically simpler and less expensive

• L-band Linac with add. S-band injector requires a stronger effort and larger cost but offers more flexibility w.r.t. the evolution toward 1 Å.

Conclusions on SPARX

• The facility can be built inside the “TorVergata” Campus



1) Use of the existing 1.0 GeV linac with a new photoinjector and bunch compressor(s) for the production of 40 nm radiation. Commissioning of 40 nm beamline after 2.5 years. Open to Users after 3.5 years.

2) Use of the linac with increased beam quality for a second beamline at 10 nm. Commissioning of beamline after 3.5 years. Open to Users after 4.5 years.

3) Extension of the linac to an operation energy of 3.0 GeV and increased improvement of beam quality for the production of 1.5 nm radiation. Done in parallel with other developments. Commissioning after 5.5 years and open to Users after 6.5 years.

The project is articulated along three lines of development allowing gradual improvements and consolidation of technologies

FERMI@ELETTRAFERMI@ELETTRA A Linac based Ultra-bright Photon SourceA Linac based Ultra-bright Photon Source

@ 3rd gen. Light Source site@ 3rd gen. Light Source site



FERMI@ELETTRA LayoutFERMI@ELETTRA Layout

Experimental FEL Hall

Undulator Building

Linac Tunnel (Extension)

Linac Building (Actual)

Beamlines from ELETTRA



FERMI@ELETTRA Associated ParametersFERMI@ELETTRA Associated Parameters

Electron beam parameters

Wavelenth [nm] 100 40 10 1.2FEL parameter ρ 4.8 10x -3 3.2 10x -3 1.6 10x -3 1.2 10x -3

Gai n lengt h [m] 0.74 0.83 1.3 2.6Pea k pow era t saturat ion[GW] 2.3 1.8 0.75 3.0Pea k Fl ux[photons/s/0.1%bw] 2.4 10x 26 1.1 10x 26 2.4 10x 25 2.0 10x 25

Pea k Brightne *ss 9.6 10x 28 2.8 10x 29 9.4 10x 29 5.5 10x 31

Avera gePow er[ ]mW 72 56 24 77Avera geF lux[fotoni/s/0.1%bw] 7.5 10x 15 3.5 10x 15 7.4 10x 14 4.0 10x 14

Avera ge Brightnes *s 3.0 10x 18 8.9 10x 19 2.9 10x 19 1.1 10x 21

Phot on bea mdivergenc e[µrad] 80 48 19 5Phot on bea msize[µm] 100 66 40 19

Photon parameters

Undulator parameters

Brightness of ELETTRAPhoton Sources



FERMI@ELETTRA SeedingFERMI@ELETTRA Seeding

Various Seeding techniques are “available”High Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG) has been considered

Seed schemes will be used at 40 and 10 nm, permittingStabilityReproducibilityTemporal control

For 1.2 nm the development, if possible, of a seed scheme otherwise SASE



External laser matched to an undulator imprints energy modulationLaser intensity must be greater than shot power in first gain lengthsLeads to micro-bunching (optionally use a dispersive section to enhance

micro-bunching)Micro-bunches contain higher harmonics of laser wavelengthPass beam through radiatorThe laser must be tuneable Use Ti Sapphire Laser - 400 to 180 nm

W. Fawley

FERMI@ELETTRAFERMI@ELETTRA High Gain Harmonic Generation High Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG)(HGHG)



FERMI@ELETTRA FERMI@ELETTRA High Gain Harmonic Generation High Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG)(HGHG)

Seed laser = 200 nmPin = 30 MW

Electron BeamE = 1 GeVI = 600 A = 2 mm mrad = 0.0005

Modulator200 nm

Amplifier40 nm

HGHG FEL = 40 nmPout = 0.92GW

Dispersionsection

0.0 10

0

2.0 10

8

4.0 10

8

6.0 10

8

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8

1.0 10

9

1.2 10

9

0 10

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7

4 10

7

6 10

7

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7

1 10

8

Seeded 40 nm radiation

TDA Simulation

Analytical Estimate (no saturation)

Saturation Estimate

Output Power [W]

Input Power [W]

10

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9

0 5 10 15

Output Power [W]

Distance [m]

Seeded 40 nm radiation

L.H. Yu



FERMI@ELETTRA General Linac UpgradeFERMI@ELETTRA General Linac Upgrade

40 and 10 nm1) Substitution of present gun with a high brightness gun (photoinjector).2) Installation of one (or more) bunch compression units.3) Increase the repetition rate from 10 to 50 (100) Hz.4) Revision of RF plants to guarantee stability of amplitude and synchronisation.

1.2 nm5) Increased energy (NC or SC) to 3.0 GeV with operational margin (3.5 GeV)6) Additional bunch compression



FERMI@ELETTRA Compression Schemes - 1.0 GeVFERMI@ELETTRA Compression Schemes - 1.0 GeV

For 40 and 10 nm two possible schemes using BNL/SLAC/UCLA 1.6 Cell photoinjector( 6 to 7 MeV, 100 A, 2 mm-mrad normalised emittance)

Scheme A1) 1.6 Cell BNL/SLAC/UCLA photoinjector2) longitudinal RF bunch compression to 250 fs/0.6 kA

Scheme B1) Use of full 150 MeV LCLS photoinjector (1.6 Cell photoinjector + Linac 0)2) Off -crest acceleration along S0A and S0B for energy chirping3) Linearisation of bunch charge using an X-band structure4) Magnetic compression at 150 MeV to 250 fs/0.6 kA

Diagnostica del fascio

e sezione di matching

Prima sezione acceleratrice

dell'attuale Linac

Ingresso

principale

al tunnel

Fotoiniettore Sezione di bunching a RF

Fori di comunicazione

con la sala klystron

1.5 m0.7 m

1.8 m

Laser,

Guide d'onda,

ecc.

0.7 m

Struttura di

correzione in 3a

armonica

5.0 m0.7 m 3.2 m



Diagnostica del fascio

e matching con la

prima sezione Sled

del Linac attuale

Sezioni dell'attuale preiniettore

S0A ed S0B

Ingresso

principale

al tunnel

Fotoiniettore LCLS

E=150 MeV

Sez. di

correzione

in IV arm.

8.0 m

Laser,

Guide

d'onda,

ecc.

7.5 m

Chicane magnetica

di compressione

5.0 m1.5 m







FERMI@ELETTRA Start to End Simulations (1.0 GeV)FERMI@ELETTRA Start to End Simulations (1.0 GeV)

Start to end simulations (M. Borland - APS)Scheme B

1) Using output from LCLS parmela run (courtesy of C. Limborg - SLAC) as input to elegant2) Start: 0.5 Million particles (1 nC in 10 ps, normalised emittance doubled to 1.5 mm mrad)3) Energy chirping and X-band used to linear distribution (minimises CSR)4) Wake fields included (courtesy of P. Emma - SLAC)5) Exact sinusoidal field dependence6) Non-linear terms in dipoles and chromatic effects7) CSR effects in all dipoles accounted for

Energy [GeV] 1.0

Energy Spread [%] < 0.04

Normalised Emittance [mm-mrad] < 1.5

Bunch Slice Length (with 0.6 kA) [fs] ~ 500

Peak Current [kA] > 0.8

Results



FERMI@ELETTRA Start to End Simulations (3.0 GeV)FERMI@ELETTRA Start to End Simulations (3.0 GeV)

Start to end simulations - M. Borland (APS)Scheme A1) 3.0 GeV2) Second magnetic compressor at 1.6 GeV

For 1.2 nm : same initial configuration as for 10 nm with1) Second magnetic compression between 1.0 and 1.6 GeV to reach 2.5 kA.2) Energy increase to 3.0 GeV

Normal conducting solution (36 x 3 m sections + 9 RF plants)

Superconducting solution (15 TESLA cryomodules + 5 RF plants)



FERMI@ELETTRA Undulator Hall Beam TransportFERMI@ELETTRA Undulator Hall Beam Transport



CONCLUSIONS

• We expect the Research Department to nominate an International Review Committee soon

• The final decision of this committee is foreseen by the end of this year

• The Design of an Italian Coherent X-ray Source should start (somewhere in Italy) in 2003 with the aim to deliver a TDR in 2004

Thanks to : C. Bocchetta, R. Boni, M. Ferrario, L. Giannessi, D. Palmer, L. Palumbo, A. Renieri, C. Ronsivalle, F. Sakai , C. Sanelli

for useful discussions and/or the material provided

Date post:	18-Jan-2016
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New Perspectives and Programs in Italy for Advanced Applications of High Brightness Beams

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