New Phase IB Cultural Resources Investigation Report – Aeration … · 2020. 6. 13. · Phase IB...

Prepared For:United States Environmental Protection AgencyNew York, NY

Prepared By:International Paper Company Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products, LPARCADIS

Phase IB Cultural Resources Investigation Report – Aeration Basin Area

Archeological TestingCurtis Specialty Papers Site

Milford, New JerseySeptember 2010

International Paper Company Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products, LP ARCADIS

Phase IB Cultural Resources Investigation Report

Aeration Basin Area Archaeological Testing

Curtis Specialty Papers Site Milford, New Jersey

Prepared by:

Eugene J. Boesch Ph.D., R.P.A.

Principal Investigator

ARCADIS U.S., Inc.

September 2010

Phase IB Cultural Resources Investigation Report Aeration Basin Area Archaeological Testing

Prepared for:

United States Environmental Protection

Agency

Prepared by:

International Paper Company

Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products, LP

ARCADIS U.S., Inc.

Our Ref.:

B0066126.0600

Date:

September 2010

3261012130 i

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ES-i

1. Introduction 1

1.1 APE 2

1.2 Previously Completed Archaeological Investigation of the Former CPABA – Sensitivity Assessment of the APE 3

1.3 Methodology 3

2. Results of Fieldwork 5

2.1 Shovel Tests 1 through 7, 12 and 13, 22 and 23 and 25 through 45 5

2.2 Shovel Tests 8 through 11; 14, 15 and 16; and 24 7

2.3 Shovel Test 17 7

2.4 Shovel Tests 18, 19 and 20 8

2.5 Shovel Test 21 8

3. Conclusions and Recommendations 10

3.1 Conclusions 10

3.2 Recommendations 11

4. References 13

Figures

1 Site Location Map

2 Site Operational Areas

3 Locations of Archaeological Shovel Test Pits

4 Area of Pre-Contact Archaeological Resource

Appendices

A Photograph Log

B Shovel Test Stratigraphy and Artifact Inventory

3261012130 ES-i

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

This Phase IB Cultural Resources Investigation Report (report) presents the results of

a Phase IB archaeological investigation of the approximately 13-acre Area of Potential

Effect (APE) for demolition of the existing aeration basin located within the former Coal

Pile and Aeration Basin Area of the Curtis Specialty Papers Site (the site). The site is a

former food-grade paper mill located along the Delaware River at 404 Frenchtown

Road (County Route 619) in the Borough of Milford, Hunterdon County, New Jersey.

This report was prepared by International Paper Company (IP), Georgia-Pacific

Consumer Products, LP (GP) and ARCADIS as part of ongoing cultural resources

investigations at the site. The objectives of the Phase IB investigation were to identify

whether possibly significant cultural resources are present within the APE and to

recommend further actions (if necessary).

Forty-five archaeological shovel tests were excavated within the APE. In general, the

testing strategy involved the placement of shovel tests at approximate 50-foot intervals

along the berm’s margin, with additional tests placed at closer intervals in one area

where evidence of a Native American (i.e., Pre-Contact period) archaeological

resource was observed.

The 45 shovel tests excavated for the investigation identified five stratigraphic

sequences. The nature of the stratigraphy observed in 32 shovel tests indicated that

most of the area had been previously cultivated, with plow zone deposits overlying

floodplain alluvium. Fill layers associated with two underground utility lines extending

along the north and west sides of the aeration basin were encountered in seven shovel

tests. Similar disturbed soils were observed in one shovel test near the southern corner

of the aeration basin. Other shovel tests identified:

• areas of prior disturbance within a swale-like topographic feature adjacent to

Frenchtown Road

• naturally occurring soils including a nonalluvial subsoil layer along a small ridge

located northeast of the aeration basin

• a fill pile located north of the aeration basin associated with its construction

Evidence of a Pre-Contact period archaeological resource was observed in four shovel

tests located in one area at the southwestern margin of the aeration basin. No other

Pre-Contact period artifacts were recovered from the APE during the Phase IB testing.

3261012130 ES-ii

Executive Summary

Historic period deposits or individual artifacts also were not encountered during the

Phase IB testing.

To preserve the identified archaeological resource, it is recommended that the area

be avoided (i.e., undisturbed) during demolition activities. If this is not feasible, Phase

II-level archaeological evaluation of the area is recommended.

3261012130 1

Phase IB Cultural Resources Investigation Report Aeration Basin Area Archaelogical Testing

1. Introduction

This Phase IB Cultural Resources Investigation Report (report) presents the results of

a Phase IB archaeological investigation of the approximately 13-acre Area of Potential

Effect (APE) for the demolition of the existing aeration basin located within the former

Coal Pile and Aeration Basin Area (CPABA) of the Curtis Specialty Papers Site (the

site) (Figures 1 and 2). The site is a former food-grade paper mill located along the

Delaware River at 404 Frenchtown Road (County Route 619) in the Borough of Milford,

Hunterdon County, New Jersey. The site occupies approximately 109 acres on Block

13, Lot 5.01 and Block 19, Lot 51 in the Borough of Milford, and Block 17.01, Lot 1.01

in Alexandria Township. The current APE is located within the Alexandria Township

tract. Figure 1 presents the site location on a United States Geological Survey

topographic map.

This report was prepared by International Paper Company (IP), Georgia-Pacific

Consumer Products, LP (GP), and ARCADIS as part of ongoing cultural resources

investigations at the site. An Addendum 2 (Aeration Basin Area Phase IB

Archaeological Testing) to the Phase IA Cultural Resources Investigation Work Plan

(ARCADIS 2010a) was submitted to the United States Environmental Protection

Agency (USEPA) and approved by USEPA on July 29, 2010. The fieldwork for the

Phase IB investigation of the aeration basin APE was conducted in accordance with

the USEPA-approved Addendum 2 and concurrently with a Phase IA investigation of

the site (Section 1.2). The Phase IB investigation was expedited to mitigate health and

safety hazards associated with the presence of the basin. Other USEPA-approved

expedited Phase IB investigations for the site’s Northern Parcel (i.e., an approximate

17-acre parcel located north of Quequacommissacong Creek) and an existing former

brick residence are ongoing and will be the subjects of separate reports.

The Phase IB investigation was conducted and this report was prepared in accordance

with the June 4, 2009 Administrative Settlement Agreement and Order on Consent

(AOC) between the USEPA and IP and GP (Comprehensive Environmental Response

Compensation and Liability Act [CERCLA] Docket No. 02-2009-2017), the Statement

of Work attached to the AOC, the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines

for Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Federal Register, Volume 48, Number 190

(U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service 1983), the USEPA’s cultural

resource procedures for Superfund sites, Section 106 of the National Historic

Preservation Act of 1966 and its implementing regulations (i.e., 36 CFR Part 800),

Executive Order 11593, and the CERCLA Compliance with other Laws Manual: Part II.

Clean Air Act and Other Environmental Statues and State Requirements (USEPA

3261012130 2


1988). The investigation also meets the requirements and standards currently adopted

by the New Jersey Historic Preservation Office (NJSHPO) for conducting cultural

resources investigations.

The objectives of the Phase IB investigation were to identify whether possibly

significant cultural resources are present within the APE and to recommend further

actions (if necessary).

1.1 APE

The APE is currently bounded on the north, south and west by grass- and brush-

covered fields that were formerly cultivated (Appendix A). Frenchtown Road and its

right-of-way border the APE on the east and are separated from the APE by a swale-

like area (Appendix A).

The APE currently consists of a bermed area surrounding a basin created in an upland

meadow (Appendix A). The berm appears to be constructed of soil excavated from

within the footprint of the basin. Excavation of the basin would have disturbed any

archaeological resources that may have been present within its footprint. The basin is

covered with a flexible plastic membrane liner. The berm ranges in height between 4

and 12 feet above the surrounding surface. The slope of the berm extends outward

from the basin, forming an area of fill of decreasing thickness that eventually merges

into the surrounding ground surface. An electrical shed, pumping well and blowers are

also present within the APE. An underground 18-inch-diameter water main extends

along the western side of the aeration basin and along a portion of its southern side.

An underground 24-inch-diameter utility line extends along a portion of the northern

side of the basin.

IP and GP propose to dewater the basin, cut, cap and leave the underground utility

lines in place, demolish and dispose of the facility (i.e., liner, blowers, shed and well),

and regrade the earthen berm and basin to restore the landscape to the approximate

grade and cover that existed prior to its construction. The APE is approximately 13

acres in size (Figure 3), with regrading activities occurring on the approximately 8-acre

footprint of the former aeration basin and support facilities. Remaining portions of the

APE will be used as soil stockpile areas, temporary equipment staging areas, access

routes, soil erosion and sediment control features, and temporary parking areas.

3261012130 3


1.2 Previously Completed Archaeological Investigation of the Former CPABA –

Sensitivity Assessment of the APE

A Phase IA cultural resources investigation was completed for the site in August 2010

(ARCADIS 2010b). The areas evaluated during the Phase IA investigation included the

former CPABA, which contains the APE. The Phase IA Cultural Resources

Investigation Report (ARCADIS 2010b), and the research undertaken for the Phase IB

sensitivity assessment, identified a previously recorded Pre-Contact period site (28-

HU-14), likely a habitation site, near the southwestern corner of the aeration basin.

One other known Pre-Contact period site was identified during the Phase IA

investigation as located elsewhere in the former CPABA, and other recorded sites

were noted in the general region.

The Phase IA Cultural Resources Investigation Report (ARCADIS 2020b) concluded

that locations within the former CPABA that were immediately proximate to the footprint

of the aeration basin and situated away from the footprint of the basin, and a borrow pit

located in the northern part of the former CPABA, were sensitive for the presence of

Pre-Contact period archaeological sites. Such locations include the margins of the

basin’s sloping berm (i.e., part of the APE). The Phase IA report further stated that the

former CPABA is relatively undisturbed, having been used mainly for cultivation until

relatively recently. The results of archaeological borings conducted in the former

CPABA during the Phase IA investigation confirm the presence of plow

zone/agricultural soils overlying alluvium and the relatively undisturbed nature of much

of the area.

The Phase IA report indicated that no portions of the former CPABA were considered

to be sensitive for the presence of Historic period archaeological sites. The USEPA

approved the Phase IA investigation report on September 21, 2010.

1.3 Methodology

The Phase IB subsurface testing of the APE consisted of the excavation of 45

archaeological shovel tests. The shovel tests were placed at approximate 50-foot

intervals as shown on Figure 3. The upper portions of the sloping berm were not

archaeologically tested because the fill layers were too thick to be penetrated, and

subfill strata investigated, by the excavation techniques employed. Accordingly, the

Phase IB subsurface testing occurred along the margins of the slope, where the fill was

thin or absent.

3261012130 4


In locations where tests revealed the presence of archaeological resources, the

methodology required additional shovel tests to be excavated in the immediate vicinity

of the initial find to further investigate those locations. One such location was identified

during the testing (Section 2). The shovel tests typically covered approximately 2.5

square feet (0.75 square meter) of ground surface and were extended to depths below

which naturally occurring, culturally sterile soil was encountered or to the depth below

grade achievable with the excavation techniques employed1.

The shovel testing was designed to investigate the stratigraphy present within the APE

and to recover a sample of cultural material that may be associated with those strata to

identify whether evidence of Pre-Contact and/or Historic period activity was present.

Soil removed from the shovel tests was screened through ¼-inch mesh (hardware

cloth) to detect the presence of artifacts. Separation of artifacts from different

stratigraphic contexts was maintained to the extent possible with the procedures used.

Recovered artifacts were placed in plastic bags and labeled according to provenience.

The artifacts were washed, decontaminated and sent to an archaeological laboratory

where they were tabulated and identified as to function and period of manufacture

(when possible). Following artifact processing, the stratigraphy encountered in the

shovel tests was analyzed in conjunction with the artifacts recovered to interpret the

survey results.

1 The presence of up to 16 feet of alluvial soils in the APE, based upon the results of

the archaeological borings conducted during Phase IA investigation activities in the

former CPABA, prevented the naturally occurring subsoil from being encountered in

much of the area. It is possible that deeply buried Pre-Contact period archaeological

deposits are present as distinct strata within the alluvium.

3261012130 5


2. Results of Fieldwork

Phase IB subsurface testing of the APE focused on detecting archaeological

resources. Forty-five archaeological shovel tests were excavated within the APE in

accordance with the methodology described in Section 1.3.

Sections 2.1 through 2.5 present the stratigraphy encountered in each shovel test and

an inventory of the artifacts recovered. The information is summarized in Appendix B.

The 45 shovel tests excavated for the investigation identified five stratigraphic

sequences. The nature of the stratigraphy observed in 32 shovel tests (numbers 1

through 7, 12 through 13, 22 through 23 and 25 through 45) (Figure 3) indicated that

most of the area had been previously cultivated, with plow zone deposits overlying

floodplain alluvium. Fill layers associated with two underground utility lines along the

north and west sides of the aeration basin were encountered in seven shovel tests

(numbers 8 through 11 and 14, 15 and 16). Shovel test 24 also encountered similar

disturbed soils; however, this location does not coincide with the underground utility

lines. Other shovel tests excavated identified:

• areas of prior disturbance within a swale-like topographic feature adjacent to

Frenchtown Road (shovel test numbers 18, 19 and 20)

• naturally occurring soils including a non-alluvial sub-soil layer along a small ridge

northeast of the aeration basin (shovel test number 17)

• fill pile north of the aeration basin associated with its construction (shovel test

number 21)

One location was identified by the Phase IB testing as containing a Pre-Contact period

archaeological resource. The area is located within the APE at the southwestern

margin of the aeration basin. No other Pre-Contact period artifacts were recovered

from the APE during the Phase IB testing. Historic period deposits or individual artifacts

also were not encountered by the Phase IB testing.

Shovel test findings are presented below.

2.1 Shovel Tests 1 through 7, 12 and 13, 22 and 23 and 25 through 45

Shovel tests 1 through 7, 12 and 13, 22 and 23, and 25 through 45 were located near

3261012130 6


the margins of the aeration basin’s slope, but away from the base of the fill deposit

forming the embankment as it grades into the surrounding ground surface. The initial

strata encountered in these 32 shovel tests consisted of 2 to 3 inches of sod (Stratum

I) representing the modern ground surface. One fragment of green plastic from shovel

test 28 and a piece of clear glass from shovel test 2 were the only artifacts recovered

from the sod in these tests. Underlying the sod was a five- to 12-inch-thick deposit of

dark brown sandy silt (Stratum II) that represents a plow zone layer. A gray-black chert

blocky fragment, likely the result of Pre-Contact period cultural activity, was recovered

from the plow zone in shovel test 3.

Due to the recovery of the blocky fragment, eight additional shovel tests (numbers 28

through 35) were subsequently excavated within the immediate proximity (i.e., within

10 through 15 feet) of shovel test 3. Shovel tests 28 through 31 were located within 10

feet of shovel test 3 and shovel tests 32 through 35 were located within 15 feet of

shovel test 3. Additional Native American artifacts were only recovered from shovel

tests 29, 30 and 31. The additional finds came from plow zone layers and consisted of

one gray-black chert blocky fragment from shovel test 29, one gray-black chert flake

from shovel test 30, and two black chert flakes and one gray black chert flake from

shovel test 31. The Pre-Contact period artifacts recovered may be associated with the

Native American archaeological site (28-HU-14) previously recorded southwest of the

Aeration Basin (Section 1.2). Alternatively, the finds may be associated with an

unidentified Pre-Contact period campsite.

Within the plow zone layer in shovel test 4, a limited quantity of orange-red clay silt

inclusions that may represent burnt earth were noted. Shovel test 4 was located

approximately 50 feet northwest of shovel test 3. It is unknown whether the possible

indications of burnt earth are associated with Pre-Contact period activity, such as a

disturbed hearth.

Underlying the plow zone in shovel tests 1 through 7, 12 and 13, 22 and 23, and 25

through 45, at 7 to 14 inches below grade, was an alluvial transition layer consisting of

dark brown sandy silt with red-brown sandy silt mottling (Stratum III). The transition

represents plow zone soils intruding into the upper part of the alluvium. No cultural

material was recovered from the layer. Underlying the transition layer, at 12 to 24

inches in depth, was a uniform, culturally sterile deposit of light red-brown sandy silt

(Stratum IV) to between 34 and 38 inches below grade (i.e., the extent reachable with

the manual testing techniques employed). The layer represents naturally occurring

alluvial soils.

3261012130 7


2.2 Shovel Tests 8 through 11; 14, 15 and 16; and 24

Shovel tests 8-11 and 14, 15 and 16 encountered soil layers associated with two

underground utility lines. The initial strata encountered in these shovel tests consisted

of 2 to 3 inches of sod (Stratum I) representing the modern ground surface. No cultural

material was recovered from the context. The stratum was underlain by a 9- to 10-inch-

thick layer of medium brown sandy silt (Stratum II) that likely represents a relatively

recently formed organic layer (i.e., possibly a leaching zone beneath sod and/or trench

fill). One fragment of white plastic was the only artifact recovered from that context.

Underlying Stratum II was an 8- to 10-inch-thick deposit of brown to medium brown to

dark brown sandy silt mixed and mottled with red-brown sandy silt (Stratum III) that

likely represents fill within the underground utility trenches. No cultural material was

recovered from Stratum III. Underlying the fill, at 20 to 22 inches below grade, was a

uniform, culturally sterile deposit of light red-brown sandy silt (Stratum IV) to between

34 and 38 inches below grade (i.e., the extent reachable with the manual testing

techniques employed). The layer likely represents redeposited alluvial soils within the

underground utility trenches.

Shovel test 24, located on the south side of the basin, encountered stratigraphy similar

to that observed in shovel tests 8 through 11 and 14, 15 and 16. However, this location

does not coincide with the underground utility lines. No artifacts were recovered from

shovel test 24.

2.3 Shovel Test 17

Shovel test 17 was excavated along a small ridge located northeast of the aeration

basin). The initial strata encountered in the shovel test consisted of 3 inches of dark

gray-brown sandy silt (Stratum I) that forms the relatively recently developed humus.

Beneath it was a 9-inch-thick layer of dark brown sandy silt (Stratum II) representing a

plow zone layer. Below the plow zone, at 12 inches in depth, was a layer of dark brown

sandy silt with light brown sandy silt mottling (Stratum III) that represents a subsoil

transition layer. Underlying the transition soil, at 20 inches in depth, was the naturally

occurring subsoil, which in this location was a light brown sandy silt (Stratum IV). The

layer was excavated to 34 inches below grade. No cultural material was recovered

from shovel test 17.

3261012130 8


2.4 Shovel Tests 18, 19 and 20

Shovel tests 18, 19 and 20 were excavated on the northeast side of the aeration basin

within a swale-like area separating the basin from Frenchtown Road. The swale

appears to be artificial in origin. The swale area has been partially filled. Alluvial soils

were not encountered in shovel tests 18, 19 and 20.

The initial strata encountered in shovel tests 18, 19 and 20 consisted of 2 to 3 inches of

relatively recently developed sod (Stratum I). A small number of fragments of amber-

tinted bottle glass and clear plastic recovered from shovel test 18 were the only

artifacts found in the context. Beneath the sod was a 4- to 10-inch-thick layer of dark

brown to brown sandy silt (Stratum II), which represents a relatively recent and

naturally accumulated soil layer. One fragment of blue and green plastic and a piece of

amber-tinted bottle glass were recovered from the context from shovel test 19.

Underlying Stratum II, at 7 to 12 inches in depth, was a 10- to 13-inch-thick fill layer of

brown to dark brown sandy silt mixed with light brown/yellow brown sandy silt mottling

(Stratum III). No artifacts were recovered from the fill layer. Beneath the fill, at 20 to 25

inches in depth, was a 2- to 5-inch thick subsoil transition layer consisting of brown to

dark brown sandy silt with light brown/yellow brown sandy silt mottling (Stratum IV).

Underlying the subsoil transition layer, at 25 to 27 inches below grade, was the

culturally sterile, naturally occurring subsoil, which in these tests was a light brown/

yellow brown sandy silt (Stratum V).

2.5 Shovel Test 21

Shovel test 21 was located at the north corner of the aeration basin near a fill pile. The

initial stratum encountered in shovel test 21 consisted of 3 inches of relatively recently

developed sod (Stratum I). No cultural material was recovered from the layer. Below

the sod was 9 inches of dark brown sandy silt (Stratum II), representing a recently

formed organic layer, likely a leaching zone beneath the sod. A fragment of

undecorated (plain) whiteware was the only artifact recovered from Stratum II. The

whiteware fragment appears to date to the twentieth century period.

Underlying Stratum II, at 12 inches in depth, was a fill layer of yellow brown/light brown

sandy silt mixed with dark brown sandy silt (Stratum III). The fill appears to be a

mixture of natural subsoil and near-surface soils. Beneath Stratum III, at 25 inches

below grade, was a 5-inch thick layer of brown sandy silt with light brown sandy silt

mottling (Stratum IV) that is transitional to the naturally occurring subsoil. Underneath

3261012130 9


Stratum IV, at 30 inches below grade, was the naturally occurring subsoil, which in

shovel test 21 was a light brown/yellow brown sandy silt (Stratum V). Cultural materials

were not recovered from the subsoil or subsoil transition layer.

3261012130 10


3. Conclusions and Recommendations

3.1 Conclusions

The 45 shovel tests excavated within the APE during the investigation identified five

stratigraphic sequences. The nature of the stratigraphy encountered in 32 of the shovel

tests (numbers 1 through 7, 12 and 13, 22 and 23, and 25 through 45) indicated that

most of the area had been previously cultivated with plow zone deposits overlying

floodplain alluvium. Fill layers associated with two underground utility lines were

identified in seven of the shovel tests excavated (numbers 8 through 11 and 14, 15 and

16). Similar disturbed soils to those observed in shovel tests 8 through 11 and 14, 15

and 16 were encountered in shovel test 24; however, the location of shovel test 24

does not coincide with the underground utility lines. Other tests identified:

• areas of prior disturbance within a swale-like feature adjacent to Frenchtown Road

(shovel test numbers 18, 19 and 20)

• naturally occurring soils including a nonalluvial subsoil layer along a small ridge

northeast of the aeration basin (shovel test number 17)

• a fill pile north of the aeration basin (shovel test number 21)

The Phase IB archaeological investigation identified one location containing evidence

of Pre-Contact period activity. The area is located within the APE at the southwestern

margin of the aeration basin. Initially, shovel test 3 (Figure 3) recovered a gray-black

chert flake from the plow zone in that area. As a result, eight additional tests (numbers

28 through 35) were placed within 10 to 15 feet of that test (Figure 3). A limited quantity

of additional Pre-Contact period chert debitage was recovered from three of the

additionally excavated tests (numbers 29, 30 and 31) in the plow zone context. Tests

28, 29, 30 and 31 were placed within 10 feet of shovel test 3. Pre-Contact period finds

were not recovered from shovel tests 32 through 35, excavated approximately 15 feet

away from shovel test 3. However, within the plow zone layer in shovel test 4, located

approximately 50 feet northwest of shovel test 3, a limited quantity of orange-red clay

silt inclusions were noted that may represent burnt earth. It is unknown whether the

possible indications of burnt earth are associated with Pre-Contact period activity, such

as a disturbed hearth.

The Pre-Contact period artifacts recovered may be associated with the Native

American archaeological site (28-HU-14), previously recorded southwest of the

3261012130 11


Aeration Basin (Section 1.2). Alternatively, the finds may be associated with an

unidentified Pre-Contact period campsite.

A current NJSHPO archaeological site form will be prepared for the Pre-Contact period

archaeological resource identified during the Phase IB testing and submitted to the

NJSHPO. No other Pre-Contact period artifacts or deposits were recovered during the

Phase IB testing. No Historic period deposits or individual Historic period artifacts were

recovered during the Phase IB testing.

3.2 Recommendations

To preserve the area where Pre-Contact period artifacts were recovered (i.e., vicinity

of shovel tests 3 and 29, 30 and 31), it is recommended that the area be avoided

during demolition activities. The undisturbed area should consist of the location of the

finds and a surrounding buffer as indicated on Figure 4. This area should be clearly

demarcated in the field, such as by the placement of concrete barriers, to prevent the

inadvertent disturbance of the area. A Preservation Plan detailing the steps to take to

maintain the integrity of the area of the finds during aeration basin demolition should

be prepared and submitted to the USEPA for review prior to the start of demolition.

If the area of identified Pre-Contact period finds cannot be avoided, Phase II-level

archaeological evaluation of the location is recommended. The evaluation would

include the archaeological excavation of additional shovel tests and excavation units

to determine the extent, distribution, frequency and significance of the Pre-Contact

period archaeological resource. Any sub-plow zone -Contact period features

encountered during the work would be investigated following consultation with the

USEPA, IP, GP and other parties. If no archaeological features were detected,

archaeological monitoring of demolition activities (particularly grading activities)

would occur in the area. The objective of the monitoring would be to determine

whether sub-plow zone Pre-Contact period archaeological features are present

within the finds area that were not detected during archaeological excavations. If any

features are detected during the monitoring, they should be evaluated following

consultation with the USEPA IP, GP and other parties.

A work plan for the Phase II level evaluation detailing the work discussed above

should be prepared for and reviewed by the USEPA and subsequently implemented

if the area of Pre-Contact period finds will be impacted by the demolition project.

3261012130 12


Further archaeological investigation of the APE outside of the location indicated on

Figure 4 is unnecessary. Demolition work can proceed in these areas simultaneously

with any archaeological work (as specified in a Preservation Plan or as part of Phase

II-level investigation activities).

3261012130 13


4. References

ARCADIS. 2010a. Phase IA Cultural Resources Investigation Work Plan. Addendum 2

– Aeration Basin Area Phase IB Archaeological Testing. Curtis Specialty Papers Site,

Milford, New Jersey. Prepared by International Paper, Georgia-Pacific Consumer

Products, LP, and ARCADIS. Eugene J. Boesch, Principal Investigator. Prepared for

the United States Environmental Protection Agency.

ARCADIS. 2010b. Phase IA Cultural Resources Investigation Report. Curtis Specialty

Papers Site, Milford, New Jersey. Prepared by International Paper, Georgia-Pacific

Consumer Products, LP, and ARCADIS. Eugene J. Boesch, Principal Investigator.

Prepared for the United States Environmental Protection Agency.

U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. 1983. Standards and

Guidelines for Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Federal Register, Volume 48,

Number 190.

United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1988. CERCLA Compliance with

other Laws Manual: Part II. Clean Air Act and Other Environmental Statues and State

Requirement.

FIGURES

SITE LOCATION MAP

INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY ANDGEORGIA-PACIFIC CONSUMER PRODUCTS, LP

CURTIS SPECIALTY PAPERS SITEPHASE IB CULTURAL RESOURCES

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IMAGES:XREFS:66126X0166126X0366126X06

PROJECTNAME: ----

CITY: CRANBURY-NJ DIV/GROUP: ENVCAD DB: T.FATTO LD: T.FATTO PIC: PM: K.ROMAINE TM: K.ROMAINE LYR: ON=*;OFF=*REF*G:\ENVCAD\CRANBURY\ACT\B0066126\0601\00601\REPORT2\66126G02.dwg LAYOUT: 4 SAVED: 9/15/2010 9:15 AM ACADVER: 18.0S (LMS TECH) PAGESETUP: ---- PLOTSTYLETABLE: PLTFULL.CTB PLOTTED: 9/15/2010 9:15 AM BY: FATTO, TRACEY

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

Photograph Log

9/17/2010 10:19 AM CRAN‐140 JEBCURTIS SPECIALTY PAPERS – AERATION BASIN PHASE IB REPORT (B0066126.0600.00602)\\NJ03FP1\...\Curtis Papers\Reports and Presentations\Cultural Resources\Phase IB Reports\Aeration Basin\APPA ‐ PIB‐CRI‐Photograph Log.pptx

DESCRIPTION: West Side of Aeration Basin Showing the Area of Potential Effect . INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY & GEORGIA-PACIFIC CONSUMER PRODUCTS, LP

CURTIS SPECIALTY PAPERS SITEMILFORD, NEW JERSEY

PHASE IB CULTURAL RESOURCES INVESTIGATION REPORTAERATION BASIN AREA

APPENDIX

PHOTOGRAPH LOG

A

AERATION BASIN AREA


DESCRIPTION: East Side of Aeration Basin Showing the Area of Potential Effect. INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY & GEORGIA-PACIFIC CONSUMER PRODUCTS, LP



APPENDIX

PHOTOGRAPH LOG

A

AERATION BASIN AREA


DESCRIPTION: North Side of Aeration Basin Showing the Area of Potential Effect. INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY & GEORGIA-PACIFIC CONSUMER PRODUCTS, LP



APPENDIX

PHOTOGRAPH LOG

A

AERATION BASIN AREA


DESCRIPTION: South Side of Aeration Basin Showing the Area of Potential Effect. INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY & GEORGIA-PACIFIC CONSUMER PRODUCTS, LP



APPENDIX

PHOTOGRAPH LOG

A

AERATION BASIN AREA


DESCRIPTION: Swale‐Like Area East of Aeration Basin. INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY & GEORGIA-PACIFIC CONSUMER PRODUCTS, LP



APPENDIX

PHOTOGRAPH LOG

A

AERATION BASIN AREA


DESCRIPTION: Interior of Aeration Basin. INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY & GEORGIA-PACIFIC CONSUMER PRODUCTS, LP



APPENDIX

PHOTOGRAPH LOG

A

AERATION BASIN AREA

APPENDIX B

Shovel Test Stratigraphy and Artifact Inventory

Appendix B - Shovel Test Stratigraphy and Artifact Inventory

Curtis Specialty Papers Site

Milford, New Jersey

Stratum - Context Depth (inches) Description Cultural Material

I - Modern Surface 0-2 Sod None

II - Plow Zone 2-9 Dark Brown Sandy Silt None

III - Transition Layer 9-20 Dark Brown Sandy Silt with Red Brown Sandy Silt mottling None

IV - Alluvium 20-35 Light Red Brown Sandy Silt None

I - Modern Surface 0-2 Sod 1 pc. clear glass





II - Plow Zone 3-10 Dark Brown Sandy Silt 1 gray black chert blocky fragment




II - Plow Zone 3-9 Dark Brown Sandy Silt with orange red clay silt inclusions (possible burnt earth) None


IV - Alluvium 20-35 Red Brown Sandy Silt None









SHOVEL TEST NO. 1

SHOVEL TEST NO. 2

SHOVEL TEST NO. 3

SHOVEL TEST NO. 4

SHOVEL TEST NO. 5

SHOVEL TEST NO. 6

Page 1 of 7



Milford, New Jersey







II - Plow Zone 2-11 Medium Brown Sandy Silt None





III - Transition Layer 11-21 Medium Brown Sandy Silt with Red Brown Sandy Silt mottling None







II - Plow Zone 2-11 Medium Brown Sandy Silt 1 pc. white plastic









III - Transition Layer 10-22 Dark Brown Sandy Silt with Light Red Brown Sandy Silt mottling None

IV - Alluvium 22-34 Light Red Brown/Light Brown Sandy Silt None

SHOVEL TEST NO. 7

SHOVEL TEST NO. 8

SHOVEL TEST NO. 9

SHOVEL TEST NO. 10

SHOVEL TEST NO. 11

SHOVEL TEST NO. 12

SHOVEL TEST NO. 13

Page 2 of 7



Milford, New Jersey














I - Modern Surface 0-3 Dark Gray Brown Sandy Silt None


III - Sub-soil Transition Layer 12-20 Dark Brown Sandy Silt with Light Brown Sandy Silt mottling None

IV - Sub-soil 20-34 Light Brown Sandy Silt None

2 pcs. clear plastic

1 pc. amber tinted bottle glass

II - Natural Soil Accumulation Layer 3-12 Dark Brown Sandy Silt None

III - Fill 12-22 Dark Brown Sandy Silt mixed with Light Brown/Yellow Brown Sandy Silt None

III - Sub-soil Transition Layer 12-20 Dark Brown Sandy Silt with Light Brown/ Yellow Brown Sandy Silt mottling None

IV - Sub-soil 20-34 Light Brown/Yellow Brown Sandy Silt None


1 pc. blue and green plastic

1 pc. amber tinted bottle glass

III - Fill 12-25 Brown Sandy Silt mixed with Light Brown/ Yellow Brown Sandy Silt None

III - Sub-soil Transition Layer 25-27 Brown Sandy Silt with Light Brown/ Yellow Brown Sandy Silt mottling None


SHOVEL TEST NO. 14

SHOVEL TEST NO. 15

SHOVEL TEST NO. 16

SHOVEL TEST NO. 17 (Ridge)

II - Natural Soil Accumulation Layer 2-12

SHOVEL TEST NO. 18 (Swale)

Brown Sandy Silt

I - Modern Surface 0-3 Sod


Page 3 of 7



Milford, New Jersey




III - Fill 7-20 Yellow Brown/Light Brown Sandy Silt mixed with Dark Brown Sandy Silt None


IV -Sub-soil 25-36 Light Brown/Yellow Brown Sandy Silt None


II - Plow Zone 3-12 Dark Brown Sandy Silt 1 pc. plain whiteware

III - Fill 12-25 Yellow Brown/Light Brown Sandy Silt mixed with Dark Brown Sandy Silt None









III - Transition Layer 14-20 Light Brown Sandy Silt with Dark Brown Sandy Silt mottling None




III - Sub-soil Transition Layer 12-20 Brown Sandy Silt with Dark Brown Sandy Silt mottling None

IV -Sub-soil 20-38 Light Brown Sandy Silt None



III - Transition Layer 8-12 Light Brown Sandy Silt with Dark Brown Sandy Silt mottling None







SHOVEL TEST NO. 21 (Fill Pile)

SHOVEL TEST NO. 22

SHOVEL TEST NO. 23 (West Pathway)

SHOVEL TEST NO. 24

SHOVEL TEST NO. 25 (West Pathway)

SHOVEL TEST NO. 26

Page 4 of 7



Milford, New Jersey






I - Modern Surface 0-3 Sod 1 pc. green plastic





II - Plow Zone 2-9 Dark Brown Sandy Silt 1 gray black chert blocky fragment (wt. 8.7 g)




II - Plow Zone 2-10 Dark Brown Sandy Silt 1 gray black chert flake (wt. 1.9 g)




2 black chert flakes (wts.1.3 and 2.0 g)

1 gray black chert flake (wt. 1.5 g)











SHOVEL TEST NO. 31

SHOVEL TEST NO. 32

SHOVEL TEST NO. 33

II - Plow Zone 3-11 Dark Brown Sandy Silt

SHOVEL TEST NO. 29

SHOVEL TEST NO. 30

SHOVEL TEST NO. 27

SHOVEL TEST NO. 28

Page 5 of 7



Milford, New Jersey






























SHOVEL TEST NO. 37

SHOVEL TEST NO. 38

SHOVEL TEST NO. 39

SHOVEL TEST NO. 40

SHOVEL TEST NO. 34

SHOVEL TEST NO. 35

SHOVEL TEST NO. 36

Page 6 of 7



Milford, New Jersey






















Abbreviations:g = gramspc. = piecewt. = weight

SHOVEL TEST NO. 43

SHOVEL TEST NO. 44

SHOVEL TEST NO. 45

SHOVEL TEST NO. 41

SHOVEL TEST NO. 42

Page 7 of 7

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