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New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and cooperation Central bank of Armenia Andranik Grigoryan
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Page 1: New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and cooperationpubdocs.worldbank.org/pubdocs/publicdoc/2016/6/... · New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal

New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and 

cooperation

Central bank of ArmeniaAndranik Grigoryan

Page 2: New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and cooperationpubdocs.worldbank.org/pubdocs/publicdoc/2016/6/... · New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal

Different policy levers

• Price stability ‐ the primary and sometimes sole‐mandate of monetary policy. 

• Financial stability ‐ a realm of prudential regulation and supervision (often managed by agencies separate from the central bank). 

Page 3: New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and cooperationpubdocs.worldbank.org/pubdocs/publicdoc/2016/6/... · New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal

Benign neglect approach

• Most of the central banks took a “benign neglect” approach where the Monetary policy reacts to movements in asset prices and credit aggregates only to the extent they affect inflation

• The role of monetary policy ‐ to respond to the macroeconomic consequences of financial instability, if and when it is materialized. 

Page 4: New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and cooperationpubdocs.worldbank.org/pubdocs/publicdoc/2016/6/... · New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal

As a result… 

• Recognition of the need to mitigate crisis risk proactively, rather than only relying on cleaning up after a crisis. 

• Evidence that the Price stability is no longer sufficient to ensure macroeconomic stability. 

• Shift of emphasis on containing systemic risk by complementing traditional microprudential policies aimed at individual institutions with macroprudential policy frameworks.

Page 5: New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and cooperationpubdocs.worldbank.org/pubdocs/publicdoc/2016/6/... · New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal

Armenian financial system

• 1995‐2002 – “cleaning” of Banking system, Banking supervision and regulation development, Monetary policy challenges to tackle with high inflation

• 2003‐2008 ‐ development of banking system and financial infrastructure, Banking Supervision is in line with Basel, Monetary policy moving to inflation targeting

• 2008‐2015 – Financial system and macro economy suffering from Global financial crisis, Supervisory and macro‐prudential tools to maintain financial system stability, Inflation expectations are mainly anchored  

Page 6: New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and cooperationpubdocs.worldbank.org/pubdocs/publicdoc/2016/6/... · New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal

Armenian banking system intermediation

45.3%

35.0%

74.5%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%

Loans to GDP Deposits to GDP Assets to GDP

Page 7: New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and cooperationpubdocs.worldbank.org/pubdocs/publicdoc/2016/6/... · New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal

Macroeconomic performance

‐20%

‐15%

‐10%

‐5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

Trillions AMD

Nominal GDP (left axis) Real GDP growth (right axis)CPI (Dec‐o‐Dec, %) (right axis)

Page 8: New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and cooperationpubdocs.worldbank.org/pubdocs/publicdoc/2016/6/... · New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal

Financial Intermediation 

‐20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

160%

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Thou

sand

s US do

llar

GDP per capita 2015 (left axis) 2007‐2014 annual growth in credit to GDP ratio (right axis) PP Credit to GDP 2014 (right axis)

Page 9: New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and cooperationpubdocs.worldbank.org/pubdocs/publicdoc/2016/6/... · New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal

CBA actions during 2009 economic crisis

• Formation of Financial stability committee, frequent meetings of the committee

• FX interventions intended to smooth short time and sharp fluctuations of FX rate

• Continuous decrease of repo rate during the year, after shock

• Increase of repo supply and extension of  longer term repo by the CBA

• Interventions in T‐bills secondary market (the CBA increased its T‐bills portfolio to indirectly support market liquidity)

• Intensified and targeted supervision of financial institutions

Page 10: New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and cooperationpubdocs.worldbank.org/pubdocs/publicdoc/2016/6/... · New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal

CBA actions during 2009 economic crisis (2)

• All measures were targeted to ease credit crunch and increase banking liquidity, assure Financial stability

• Inflation was anchored for that period of time

Page 11: New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and cooperationpubdocs.worldbank.org/pubdocs/publicdoc/2016/6/... · New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal

Non‐performing loans vs. total loans 

0.00%

2.00%

4.00%

6.00%

8.00%

10.00%

12.00%

 ‐

 500

 1,000

 1,500

 2,000

 2,500

 3,000

 3,500

 4,000

Jan‐20

08

Apr‐20

08

Jul‐2

008

Oct‐200

8

Jan‐20

09

Apr‐20

09

Jul‐2

009

Oct‐200

9

Jan‐20

10

Apr‐20

10

Jul‐2

010

Oct‐201

0

Jan‐20

11

Apr‐20

11

Jul‐2

011

Oct‐201

1

Jan‐20

12

Apr‐20

12

Jul‐2

012

Oct‐201

2

Jan‐20

13

Apr‐20

13

Jul‐2

013

Oct‐201

3

Jan‐20

14

Apr‐20

14

Jul‐2

014

Oct‐201

4

Jan‐20

15

Apr‐20

15

Jul‐2

015

Oct‐201

5

Jan‐20

16

Billion

s AM

D

Total Assets (left axis) Total Loans (left axis) NPL % (right axis)

Page 12: New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and cooperationpubdocs.worldbank.org/pubdocs/publicdoc/2016/6/... · New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal

Leaning against the wind• The 2009 crisis proved that benign neglect approach is not the best 

in coping with growing risks and threats in the economy.• The CBA’s actions on financial stability front proved to be successful 

at that time, supporting the monetary policy and price stability goal.

This was the approach where policy stance is chosen to be tighter than the one justified by the stabilization of inflation (traditional central bank goal) to limit the buildup of financial risks

• Proponents of LAW argue ‐ the policy rate may not be the best tool to deal with financial risks, especially when compared to micro and macro prudential tools. And this was true for Armenia.

Page 13: New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and cooperationpubdocs.worldbank.org/pubdocs/publicdoc/2016/6/... · New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal

CBA actions during 2014‐2015 market crisis

• Increase of Lombard repo rate by 1275bp, more than X2• Increase of policy rate by 200bp• Increase of reserve requirement for FX liabilities X2• FX interventions intended to smooth short time and sharp 

fluctuations of FX rate• Verbal interventions• Lift of risk weights for FX loans, decrease of risk weights for 

AMD mortgage loans• Decrease of reserve requirement for long term liabilities• Inflation was lower of the upper boundary of monetary 

policy target

Page 14: New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and cooperationpubdocs.worldbank.org/pubdocs/publicdoc/2016/6/... · New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal

CBA actions during 2014‐2015 market crisis

• Stabilization of FX market, improve short term liquidity, improve liquidity gap by prolongation of the tenor of liabilities

• Changes of risk weights aimed to restrain FX loans and stimulate origination of AMD loans

Page 15: New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and cooperationpubdocs.worldbank.org/pubdocs/publicdoc/2016/6/... · New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal

Policy rate (Refinancing Rate)

15

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

Page 16: New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and cooperationpubdocs.worldbank.org/pubdocs/publicdoc/2016/6/... · New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal

Main tasks of CBA after 2015

• Price stability• Financial stability – according to the latest amendments of Constitution in 2015

Page 17: New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and cooperationpubdocs.worldbank.org/pubdocs/publicdoc/2016/6/... · New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal

Price stability 

Starting from 2006 the CBA moved to inflation targeting strategy.

Decision‐making process in th

e CB

A CBA boardOn a monthly basis it makes decisions on policy interest rate based on the information provided by the Forecasting Group. 

MP committeeCommittee makes its sessions on a weekly basis and discusses the main developments related to the banking sector, fiscal policy and inflation.

Forecasting groupMeetings are scheduled on a monthly and quarterly basis.  During of meetings the main developments, forecasts for upcoming 12‐month period  and suggestions on the change of the policy rate are discussed.

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Financial StabilityStarting from 2015 Financial Stability maintenance is one of the primarygoals of the CBA

Decision‐making process in the CB

A CBA boardMakes decisions on financial stability policy including macro‐prudential and crisis management policy. 

FS committeeCommittee conducts its sessions on a quarterly basis and discusses the main developments of external sector, macro‐economy and financial system. It also discusses the assessments of the financial system stability and resilience (including the results of stress‐tests, satellite models) and makes suggestions on FS policy implementation. 

Page 19: New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and cooperationpubdocs.worldbank.org/pubdocs/publicdoc/2016/6/... · New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal

CBA as mega‐regulatorSince 2015 risk based supervision principles are in place (partially, in testing 

period). CBA Financial supervision department is in charge of on site and off site supervision of institutions under CBA regulation. 

Decision‐making process in the CB

A

Since 2006 the Central Bank was given authority to regulate and supervise activities of all participants of the financial sector:BanksCredit organizationsLombardsInsurance companies, Insurance brokers and Insurance agentsInvestment companies, Investment and Pension Fund managers, Loan Portfolio Securitization Fund, other security market participantsCurrency dealers and Exchange agenciesPayment Organizations

Licensing committeeIt discusses the issues related to procedures of prior approval of getting/terminating the license, registration, licensing of all financial participants, assessment of the professional adequacy and qualification of managers and other responsible employees. It also discusses the violations made by the parcipants and the feasibility of implementing appropriate sanctions. 

Page 20: New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and cooperationpubdocs.worldbank.org/pubdocs/publicdoc/2016/6/... · New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal

CBA mandates and tasks contributing to financial stability maintenance

Financial stability

Oversight of payment system

Financial system supervision –on site, off site

Monetary policy tools

Improving of financial literacy

Cooperation with international organizations responsible for Financial stability and financial 

institutions supervision

Emergency Liquidity Assistance

Financial stability monitoring, stress tasting and crisis management

Page 21: New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and cooperationpubdocs.worldbank.org/pubdocs/publicdoc/2016/6/... · New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal

The structure of financial stability maintenance 

Monitoring and analysis

Macroeconomic Financial Financial Financialenvironment markets institutions infrastructure

Assessment

Preventive           Corrective            Recovery actions  actions                   actions

Inside the interval of Financial stability 

Near the boundaries of Financial stability 

interval, the probability of violations 

Outside the interval of Financial stability 

Financial stability

Identification and analysis of potential risks and their impact

Evaluation of risks and  ranges of their fluctuation

Policy implementation

Using projections of MP DSGE model

Quarterly FS committee 

meetings after MP forecasting 

team

Page 22: New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal conflicts and cooperationpubdocs.worldbank.org/pubdocs/publicdoc/2016/6/... · New setup of Financial Stability framework: Internal

References 1. IMF Working Paper“A Financial Stability and Interest‐Rate Policy: A Quantitative Assessment of Costs and Benefits” Andrea Pescatori and Stefan Laseen20162. IMF staff report“Monetary policy and financial stability”August 20153. Internal working paper “Financial stability framework”, Central bank of Armenia, 20074. “Financial Stability report, 2010”, Central bank of Armenia5. “Financial Stability report, 2015”, Central bank of Armenia

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Thank you!


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