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NEW SOURCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY (ALGAE)
By : Wael Kaddouh
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PURPOSE
To extract oil from algae , transesterify it in to biodesel, identify and quantify the methyl esters
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WHAT IS BIODIESEL? Made from vegetable/algae oil- or animal fat
-based fuel consisting of long-chains of alkyl esters
Lower emissions, High flash point (>300F), Safer
Biodegradable, Essentially non-toxic.
Fatty AcidAlcoholGlycerin
Biodiesel(alkyl ester)
FA
FAFA
FA
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REACTION
Weigh a catalytic amount of sodium methoxide =1% of the oil’s mass
Mix it with 30% of oil’s mass methanol Stir and reflux at 65°C for an hour Once reaction is done 2 layers should be
present Glycerine reside on bottom, ester are on top
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TRANSESTERIFICATION MECHANISM
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RESULTS
After reaction is completed and methyl esters are purified, tests are done to prove and quantify esters
IR scans are done, but doesn't help that much due to close similarities between the oil and the esters
GC runs are conducted, and by comparing the retention times with standard excepted methyl ester RT , the content can be identified
RESULTS GC RUNS
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run 1
Peak # RetTime area Area
noise and solvent peeks
[min] counts*s %
......... ......... 99.8462
7 10.724 1.87E+04 0.01908
11 14.504 1.06E+05 0.10849
ME Ole 14.353 1.96E+04 0.02
ME ster 15.081 5905.752 0.00604 100.000
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RESULTS .........
run 1:10
peak Ret time area area
noise/solvent peak
[min] counts*s %
.......... .......... 99.9876
5 10.721 1424.798 0.00162
8 14.495 7687.9146 0.00876
ME Ole 14.355 1353.8923 0.00154
ME ster 15.074 400.31638 0.00046
100.0000
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RESULTS .........
1:1 sample and 500 ppm Peak RetTime area Area
noise and solvent [min] counts*s % ......... 99.8653
9 10.7116788.600
6 0.00763
13 14.4895.70E+0
4 0.06407
ME Ole 14.3423.13E+0
4 0.03521
ME ster 15.0823.03E+0
4 0.03401 100.01
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RESULTS .........1:10 dilution Spiked run
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CALCULATIONS
Concx is the concentration of FAME, Ac,x is the corrected area Using this equation the concentration can be
determined For example the peak of ME Ole=1353.89 The peak of the 500ppm standard
=29946.11 The concentration of ME ole =22.61ppm
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PHASE 2
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PHASE 2
a specific strain (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) was grown for a period of 4 weeks.
Then the algae is harvested, using micro filters, and then dried over 2 days at temp of 80 degrees.
The mass of dry algae was 0.3228g , the amount of oil extracted was 0.1452g
The % oil yield content = 0.1452/0.3228x100=45%
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RESULTS
The mass of dry algae was 0.3228g , the amount of oil extracted was 0.1452g
The % oil yield content = 0.1452/0.3228)x100=45%
amount of FAMEs measured=0.0952g % recovery=(0.0952/0.1452)x100=65.56%
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RESULTS run 2
Peak # Retime area Area
noise and solvent peeks [min] counts*s % ......... ......... 79.188
45 10.874 1.926E+06 2.7663
57 15.002 1.189E+07 17.082
ME ster 15.283 6.706E+05 0.9629
100.000
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RESULTS run 1
Peak # Retime area Area
noise and solvent peeks [min] counts*s % ......... ......... 98.8798
38 10.743 1.635E+05 0.1486 2
ME Lin 14.396 1.37E+05 0.12462
ME Ole 14.601 8.753E+05 0.79553
ME ster 15.113 5.65E+05 0.05141
100.000
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CONCLUSION
Oil was extracted, using algae as its primary source
Only 3 methyl esters where identified, but more FAME SRMs should be available in order to find out the rest
Yes!!!! Algae can be used as a new source of renewable energy
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REFERENCES
http://www.rpi.edu/dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb2/part1/fasynthesis.htm
http://www.oilgae.com/ http://
www.oakhavenpc.org/cultivating_algae.htm http://
www.fao.org/uploads/media/algae_positionpaper.pdf
http://www.chem.missouri.edu/Greenlief/courses/4200F04/Fatty%20Acid%20GC%20Lab.pdf
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ANY QUESTIONS ?