Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 89 (1), 67-72 (1987)

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Printed in Great Britain

NEW SPECIES OF PSEUDOCERCOSPORA,PHAEOISARIOPSIS, SARCINELLA AND STENELLA FROM

UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

By R. K. VERMA AND KAMALDepartment of Botany, Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273009, U.P., India

Pseudocercospora combretacearum sp.nov., Phaeoisariopsis clematidis sp.nov., Sarcinella quer-cina sp.nov. and Stenella rhododendri sp.nov., collected on living leaves of Terminalia chebula,Clematis gauriana, Quercus dilatata and Rhododendron campanulatum respectively from theHimalayan foothills of Northern Uttar Pradesh are described, illustrated and compared withallied species.

Northern Uttar Pradesh touches the Nepal borderand constitutes a part of the Himalayan foothills.The climate of this region favours the growth ofvarious types of phanerogamic vegetation andseasonal and annual crops and supports luxuriantgrowth and development of parasitic fungi. Folii-colous hyphomycetes have been found to beabundant throughout this region, and during thelast decade an attempt has been made by the schoolof mycology, Department of Botany, GorakhpurUniversity to study such organisms. To this endthousands of foliicolous hyphomycetes have beencollected and examined. This has resulted in thedescription and illlustration of over one hundrednew species by Kamal and his co-workers and halfa dozen new genera (Kamal et al., 1983a, b, 1984a,1986; Morgan-Jones & Kamal, 1984). In continu-ation of previous studies a thorough survey hasbeen made of the Nainital and Almora districts ofUttar Pradesh and many interesting foliicoloushyphomycetes have been collected by the authors.Four collections belonging to the dematiaceousgenera Pseudocercospora,Phaeoisariopsis, Sarcinellaand Stenella, collected on Terminalia chebula Retz.,Clematis gauriana Roxb., Quercus dilatata Lindl.and Rhododendron campanulatum D .Don have beendetermined as undescribed.

Pseudocercospora combretacearum sp.nov.(Fig. 1)

Laesiones flavido-brunneae, rotundatae, usque 5'0-20 mm diam vel sparsae. Caespituli epiphylli rarohypophylli, mycelium ex hyphis immersis, pallide-olivaceis, ramosis, laevibus, 2-3!"m latis. Stroma sub-stomatibus, sphaeroidea, usque 45-65 x 15-45!"m.Conidiophora fasciculata, micronematosa, pallide-olivacea, laevia, recta vel flexuosa, non-ramosa, 1-3-septata, 15-35x 4'0-5'5!"m, cicatrices conidiales 2'0-4'o!"m latae, indistinctes. Cellulae conidiogenae inconidiophoris incorporatae, terminales, polyblasticae,

non cicatrices. Conidia pallide-olivacea, sub-erecta velcurvata, laevia, irregulariter constricta, 6-16-septata,usque 35-78 x 4'0-5'5!"m.

In foliis vivis Terminaliae chebulae, Kath Godam,Nainital, U.P" Oct. 1985,R. K. Verma, GPU, KK 160holotypus, IMI 299718 isotypus,

Lesions yellowish brown, orbicular, 5-20 mmdiam, sometimes colaescing and overlapping,necrotic in severe infections, visible on both the leafsurfaces but more prominent on abaxial surface.Caespituli mostly epiphyllous, sometimes hypo-phyllous, evenly distributed over the spot.Mycelium of internal, pale olivaceous, branched,smooth-walled, intercellular hyphae 2-3 pm wide.Stroma sub-stomatal, sphaeroidal, dense,45-65 x 15-45 pm, composed of pale olivaceousswollen hyphae. Conidiophores numerous, in a densefascicle, micronematous, pale olivaceous, smooth,straight to flexuous, unbranched, 1-3-septate abovethe basal septum, 15-35 pm long and 4-5'5 pmwide; conidial scars 2-4 pm diam. Conidiogenouscells integrated, terminal, polyblastic, non-cicatrized. Conidia pale-olivaceous, sub-straight tocurved, smooth, more frequently irregularly con-stricted, 6-16-septate, 35-78 x 4-5'5 pm, base2-4 pm and apex 2'5-30 pm wide.

Pseudocercospora terminaliae (Syd.) M. B. Ellis(Ellis, 1976) has reported on this host genus but itdiffers in symptoms, nature of stromata, size ofconidiophores and conidia.

Phaeoisariopsis clematidis sp.nov. (Fig. 2)Contagiones maculae hypophyllae, floccosae, griseae,ad1-1'5 mm. Mycelium ex hyphis immersis, ramosis,septatis, laevibus, hyalinis vel olivaceis compositum.Stroma sub-stomatibus, 10'5-13'5x 13'0-18'5!"m.Coni-diophora macronematosa, synnematosa vel caespitosa,non ramosa, recta vel flexuosa, pallide vel olivaceo-brunnea, laevia, 91-150 x 4'0-6'0 !"m, Cellulae conidio-genae polyblasticae, in conidiophoris incorporatae,

68 New species of foliicolous microfungi from Uttar Pradesh

Fig . 1 . Pseudocercospora combretacearum, stroma, mycelium, conidiophores and conidia.

terminales, sympodiales, cylindricae vel c1avatae, cica-trices . Conidia solitaria, sicca, acropleurogena, simplicia,obclavata vel cylindrica, pallide olivacea, laevia, 3-10-septata, raro guttulata, S2'S-{26-78 ) x 4'0-7'0 Jim.

In foliis vivis Clematidis gaurianae, Ranibagh, Nainital,U.P., Oct . 1985, R. K. Verma, GPU KK 114 holotypus,IMI 299168 isotypus.

Lesions hypophyllous . Colonies floccose, vein-limited, spreading along the veins, grey, 1-1 '5 mm

diam. Mycelium of immersed, branched, septate,smooth, intercellular, hyaline to light olivaceoushyphae . Stroma sub-epidermal, 10'5-13 '5 x 13"0-18'5 pm. Conidiophores macronematous, synne-rnatous or caespitose, with individual unbranchedthreads, straight or flexuous, pale to olivaceousbrown, smooth, 91-156 Jim long and 4-6 pm thicknear the base, swelling up to 6-8 pm near the apex.Conidiogenous cellspolyblastic, integrated, terminal,

R. K. Verma and Kamal

sympodial, cylindrical or clavate, cicatrized, scarsthin but visible, flattened against the side of theconidiogenous cell. Conidia solitary, dry, aero-pleurogenous, simple obclavate or cylindrical, paleolivaceous, smooth, 3-10-septate, sometimes gut-tulate, 52'5 (26-78) ,urn x 4-7 ,urn, 2-3,um wide atthe base.

No Phaeoisariopsis species has been described onthis host family. The present collection whencompared with several described species of Phaeo-isariopsis (Ellis, 1971, 1976; Rajak et al., 1978) issimilar to Phaeoisariopsis menispermi (Ellis &Holway) Deighton (Ellis, 1976) in having guttulateconidia. The new species differs considerably from

7° New species of foliicolous microfungi from Uttar Pradesh

20 J.lm

Fig. 3. Sarcinella quercina, repent mycelium, hyphopodia and conidia.

P. menispermi in colour of colonies and shape andsize of conidia. The colonies of P. menispermi aredark brown, and conidia are obclavate, goldenbrown, guttulate, 2-4-septate, measuring40-60 x 5-7 p,m compared with the grey, floccosevein-limited colonies with obclavate, cylindrical,pale olivaceous, smooth, 3-10-septate, sometimesguttulate conidia measuring 26-70 x 4-7 usix.

Sarcinella quercina sp.nov. (Fig. 3)Maculae epigenae, extendentes per totam folii. Coloniaeextense effusae, pulveraceae, nigrae. Mycelium ex hyphissuperficialibus, pallide brunneis vel olivaceis, repentibus,ramosis et reticulum laxum facientibus, septatis, laevibus,3'0-5'5 pm latis compositum. Hyphopodia reniformia

interdum sub-globosa, pallide brunnea, pleraque altern-ata, 10'0-15'5 p.m longa, 7'5-10'5 p.m crassa, Conidio-phora micronematosa, ex hyphis superficialibus, latera-liter oriunda, parva, simplicia, recta, laevia, pallidebrunnea, apicem versus pallescentia. Cellulae conidioge-nae monoblasticae, in conidiophoris incorporatae, term-inales, cylindricae, determinatae. Conidia solitaria, sicca,simplicia, laevia, sub-globosa, vel irregulariter sarcini-formia, muriformia, septa pleraque, decussato mododisposita, atrobrunnea vel atra, valde constricta at septa,velut, 4-14-lobata, 25-40 x 18-31 p.m.

In foliis vivis Quercus dilatatae, Nainital, U.P., India,Oct. 1985, R. K. Verma, GPU KK 106, holotypus, IMI299162, isotypus.

Lesions epigenous, covering almost the whole ofthe leaf surface. Colonies spreading extensively,

R. K. Verma and Kamal

Fig. 4. Stenella rhododendri, mycelium , conidiophores and conidia.

71

powdery, black. Mycelium of superficial, palebrown to olivaceous, repent hyphae, branched andforming a loose but well-developed network on theleaf surface, septate, smooth or roughened,3-5'5 /lm wide, hyphopodiate, Hyphopodia abun-dant, reniform to tetrahedral or sub-globose, palebrown, alternate, 1o-15 '6/lm long, 7'5-1Q'5/lmwide. Conidiophores micronernatous, arising later-ally from the superficial hyphae, short, simple,straight, smooth, pale brown. Conidiogenous cellsmonoblastic, integrated, terminal, cylindrical, de-

terminate. Conidia solitary, dry, simple, smooth,sub-globose to irregularly sarciniform, muriform,with more or less cruciately arranged septa, darkbrown to black strongly constricted at the septa,thick-walled, appearing 4-14-lobed, measuring25-40 x 18-31 pm.

A comparison of this fungus with known speciesof Sarcinella (Sydow et al., 1937; Sahni, 1964,1966; Pavgi & Singh, 1970; Ellis, 1971; Kamal &Singh, 1980; Kamal et al., 1984b) suggests it is

REFERENCES

DEIGHTON, F. C. (1979). Studies on Cercospora and alliedgenera . VIII. New Species and redispos itions . Myco-logical Papers (CM!) 144, 1-56.

ELLIS, M. B. (1971). Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Com-monwealth Mycological Institute: Kew, England.

ELLIS, M. B. (1976). More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes.Commonwealth Mycological Institute : Kew, England.

KAMAL, SINGH, R. P. & KUMAR, P. (1980). Fungi ofGorakhpur. XVIII. Srenella . Sydowia 33, 162-166.

KAMAL, RAI,A. N. & MORGAN-JONES, G. (1983a). Noteson Hyphomycetes. XLV . Neopericonia - a new Phaeo-dictyosporous genus from India. Mycotaxon 18,15-18 .

KAMAL, RAI,A. N. & MORGAN-JONES, G . (1983b). Noteson Hyphomycetes. XLVI. Parafuluia - a new folii-colous, Phaeophragmosporous genus with catenate con-idia. Mycotaxon 18, 67-71.

KAMAL, RAI, A. N. & MORGAN-JONES, G. (1984a).Pseudochuppia - a new foliicolous, dictyosporic hypho-mycete genus from India. Mycologia 76, 163-165 .

KAMAL, RAI,A. N. & MORGAN-JONES, G. (1984b). Noteson Hyphomycetes. XLVII. New species of Sarcinellaand Sirosporium . Mycotaxon 20, 689-694.

KAMAL, RAI, B. & KUMAR, P. (1980). A new species ofStenella from India . Current Science 49, 234-235 .

KAMAL & SINGH, R. P. (1980). Fungi of Gorakhpur.XVII . Sarcinella. Sydowia 33, 152-156.

KAMAL, VERMA, R. K. & MORGAN-JONES, G. (1986).Notes on Hyphomycetes. LI. Kameshwaromyces - anew foliicolous sooty-mould-like genus from MadhyaPradesh, India . Mycotaxon 25, 247-250.

MORGAN-JONES, G. & KAMAL (1984). Notes on Hypho-mycetes. XLVIII. Fuligomyces - a new foliicolous ana-morphic sooty mould genus from Uttar Pradesh.My cotaxon 20, 595-598.

MULDER, J. L. (1982). New species and combinations inStenella. Transactions of the British My cological Society.79, 469-478 .

PAVGI, M. S. & SINGH, U. P. (1970). Parasitic fungi ofNorth India. IX. Sydowia 24, 113-119.

RAJAK, R. C. (1981). A new species of Stenella from India.Acta Botanica Indica 9, 132-133 .

RAJAK, R. c., SONI, K. K. & PATHAK, G . P. (1978). Twonew species of Hyphomycetes. Current Science 47,397-399 ·

SAHNI, V. P. (1964). Some foliicolous ectoparasitic andassociated fungi from jabalpur. I. Mycopathologia etMycologia applicata 23, 331-338.

SAHNI, V. P. (1966). Deuteromycetes from Iabalpur(M . P.). II. Mycopathologia et Mycologia applicata 29.226-243 ·

SYDOW, H ., MITTER, J. H . & TANDON, R. N. (1937).Fungi Indici. III. Annales mycologici 35, 222-243 .

YEN, J . M. (1967). Etude sur les champignons parasitesdu sud-est asiatique. VII . Quatrieme note sur quelquesCercospora et Stenella de Singapore (Malaisie). Revuede Mycologie 32, 178.

72 New species of foliicolous microfungi from Uttar Pradeshdistinct. The 4-14-lobed conidia of this species arelarger than in previously described species. Also nospecies of Sarcinella has yet been described on theFagaceae.

The authors are thankful to Dr P. M . Kirk andMiss S. A. Little ofCAB International MycologicalInstitute, Kew, Surrey, England for providing thegeneric identity of these fungi, and C.S.I.R., NewDelhi for financial assistance to the Senior author.

Stenella rhododendri sp .nov. (F ig . 4)

Contigionis maculae hypogenosae, fioccosae, rotundatae,usque 5-10 mm diam, rubro-brunneae vel griseae.Mycelium ex hyphis superficialibus ramosis, septatis,verruculosis, pallide olivaceis 3-5 pm latis compositum.Stromata nulle notata. Conidiophora recta vel fiexuosarubro-brunnea, semi-micronematosa, mononematosa,verruculosa, ramosa vel simplicia, terminalibus velintercalaribus, cicatricibus, usque ad 450 x 5'2 pm. Con-idia pallide-olivacea vel rubro-brunnea, catenata velsimplicia, septata, recta vel curvata et helicoidea,verruculosa, usque 91'7-350 x 3-8 pm.

In foliis vivis Rhododendri campanulatae, Chaubat-tia, Ranikhet, Almora, U.P. Oct . 1985, R. K. Verma,GPU KK 120 holotypus, IMI 299172 isotypus.

Lesions hypogenous, floccose, showing cottonygrowth either on the whole of the leaf surface orlocalized in circular colonies 5-10 mm diam,pinkish-brown to grey. Mycelium external, inter-mingled with verruculose, branched, septate, paleolivaceous, non-stromatic, 3-5 pm wide hyphae,swollen at the bases of conidiophores (up to8-10 pm). Conidiophores non-stromatic, straightor flexuous, reddish brown, serni-micronematous,mononematous, verruculose, thick-walled, bran-ched or simple, with terminal or intercalaryconspicuous scars, 450 x 5'0 pm (aoo-indeter-minate x 5-8 pm), base swollen. Conidia paleolivaceous to pinkish brown, verrucu lose, catenateor simple, base swollen, septate, straight, curved orhelicoid, 183 '5 x 5'0 (91'5- 35° x 3-8 pm), some-times indeterminate, tip obtuse, 3 pm wide, basalregion swollen up to 10 pm.

A number of Stenella species have been reportedrecently (Yen , 1967; Ellis, 1971, 1976; Deighton,1979; Kamal et al ., 1980a, b; Rajak, 1981; Mulder,1982) on different host families. The presentcollection is nearest to Stenella constricta (Mulder,1982) but differs in producing very distinctsymptoms, and in conidial morphology. Theconidia of S. constricta are echinulate, o-e-septate,13'5-45 x 4'5-7 pm, as against verruculose, many-septate, straight, curved or helicoid, measuring183 '5-35° x 3-8 pm.

(R eceived for publication 22 August 1986)