1'-'0Oxford University PressNEWSUCCESSatFIRSTCERTIFICATEROBERT O'NEILLMichael Duckworth & Kathy GudeOxford University PressOxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street,Oxford OX2 6DPOxford New YorkAuckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape TownChennaiDar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul KarachiKolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid MelbourneMexico City Mumbai Nairobi Sao Paulo ShanghaiSingapore Taipei TokyoTorontowith anassociated companyin BerlinOXFORD and OXFORD ENGLISHare trade marks of Oxford University PressISBN 0 194533328 Oxford University Press 1997First published 1997Eighthimpression 2002No unauthorized photocopyingAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may bereproduced, stored in a retrieval system, ortransmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,without the prior written permission of OxfordUniversity Press.This book is sold subject to the condition that it shallnot, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hiredout, or otherwise circulated without the publisher'sprior consent in any form of binding or cover otherthan that in which it is published and without asimilar condition including this condition beingimposed on the subsequent purchaser.Typeset by Oxford University PressPrinted in DubaiAcknowledgementsThe authors and publisher would like to thank thefollowing for permission to reproduce copyrightmaterial:The Daily Telegraph for extracts from the followingarticles: 'Fear turns crime-free suburb into fortress' byKathy Marks; 'Pentagon spent 13m on psychic spies,says CIA'by Hugh Davies; 'Head to head with a 3-Dworld'; 'Child violence is linked to computer games';'Bright ideas up for sale'; 'In the swing' all byChristine McGourty; 'Mice put memory drug to mazetest' by Roger Highfield; 'Patient says thanks to herflying doctors' by Sean O'Neill and 'Surgery at 33,000ft with a coat hanger, scissors and brandy' by MichaelSmith, Telegraph Group Limited, London,1995Anna Damski for an extract from 'Travels with SirDavid Attenborough'First Choice Holidays for extracts from First ChoiceHoliday brochure, Summer '96, Second EditionThe Press On-Line at www.press.co.nz for extractsfrom 'Hero tells of dramatic rescue at sea' by DianeKeenanIllustrations by:Veronica Bailey, Stefan Chabluk, Alison Everitt,Robin Harris, Stephanie Hawken, Mike Ritchie,Simon Roulstone, Martin Sanders, TechnicalGraphics Dept., OUP, David WilliamsLocation photography by Bill OsmentThe publisher would like to thank the following fortheir permission to use photographs:Ace Photo Library:148; Allsport:76 top left;Associated Press: 42 top right, 134; Barnabys PictureLibrary: 92 bottom left; Catherine Blackie:59, 74 centre, 92 bottom right, 106, 118; BritishTourist Authority: 90 top right; Camera Press:113,140 top;Collections: 92 centre right, 101 top left;Dee Conway: 21 bottom; Robert Harding PictureLibrary: 34 top right; Hulton Getty: 94; HutchisonLibrary: 76 top right, 76 centre left, 76 bottom right,97, 157; Image Bank: 5, 10 right; Kobal Collection:44 top; Magnum: 42 top left (photo Martin Parr),50 centre left (photo Bruce Davidson), 50 bottom(photo Martin Parr), 74 top(photo Gilles Peress),138 right (photo Martin Parr), 146 right (photo MishaErwitt); Panos Pictures: 2 right; Photostage: 49, 66 top;Rex Features: 2 left, 10 left, 34 top left, 58 bottom,66 centre left, 92 top left, 101 bottom left,116,130 left, 130 right, 132,140 bottom; Science PhotoLibrary: 21 centre; Still Pictures: 15 top right, 101 topright, 129; Tony Stone Images (Cosmo Condina,Simeone Huber); Universal (courtesy Kobal]: 44 top;Werner Forman Archive:15 topleft; Zefa PictureLibrary: 6 bottom, 15 bottom left, 15 centre, 15bottomright, 44 bottom, 58 top, 70, 76 centre right, 76 bottomleft, 90 bottom left, 92 top right, 92 centre left,101 bottom right, 138 leftThe publisher would like to thank the following fortheir help and assistance:George & Davis's Ice Cream, OxfordABOUTTHEFIRST CERTICATEEXAMPaperI Reading(I hour15 minutes)Paper 1 consists of four parts, which arealways in thesame order. Each part contains a text andcomprehension task of some kind. The type of textsused include newspaper and magazine articles,advertisements, brochures, guides, letters, fiction,messages and reports.Part 1 Multiple matching: text preceded by multiplematching questions.Part 2 Multiple choice:text followed by multiplechoice questions.Part 3 Gapped text: text from which 6 or7 sentencesor paragraphs have been removed and put in jumbledorder. The task is tofit the missing text into the gaps.Part 4 Multiple matching: as in Part 1.Paper 2 Writing(I hour 30 minutes)Paper 2 consists of two parts.Part 1 Transactional letter (this part is compulsory).Part 2 Candidates can choose one of four questions.The writing tasks may include letters, articles,reports, applications, stories and compositions, andquestions about the background reading texts.Paper 3 Use of English(I hour15 minutes)This paper consists of fiveparts, which test thecandidate's knowledge of grammar and vocabulary.Part 1 Multiple choice vocabulary doze: a text with15 gaps followed by a choice of 4 answers for each gap.Part 2 Grammar doze: a text with15 gaps;noanswersare given.Part 3 Key word transformations: a completesentence followed by a gapped sentence, which mustbe completed using a given word.Part 4 Error correction: a text where most linescontain an extra and unnecessary word. Candidatesmust identify the extra words.Part 5 Word formation:a text containing 10 gaps eachof which must be filled with a word formed from agiven root word.Paper 4 Listening(about 40minutes)This paper contains four parts. Each part contains oneor more recorded texts and accompanyingcomprehension questions.Part 1 Multiple choice:short, unconnected extracts,each about 30 seconds long.Part 2 Note taking or blank filling:a monologue or atext with more than one speaker, lasting about 3minutes.Part 3 Multiple matching: short connected extracts,each about 30 seconds long. Candidates matchextracts with prompts.Part 4 Selection from2 or 3 possible answers: a textlasting about 3 minutes. Task types may includeyes/no, true/false, 3 option multiple choice, whichspeaker said what.Paper 5 Speaking(about 15 minutes for 2 candidates)This paper -the speaking test - contains four parts.Normally there aretwo examiners and twocandidates. One examiner only assesses, the othergives instructions and talks to the candidates.Candidates should talk mainly to each other.Part 1 Candidates areasked to give information aboutthemselves.Part 2 Each candidate is given two pictures to talkabout in relation tothemselves. They also commenton the other candidate's pictures.Part 3 Candidates talk toeach other inacommunication task (for example making plans,solving a problem, making a decision, discussing anorder of importance, speculating). Pictures ordiagrams help candidates start the discussion.Part 4 Candidates exchange opinions with each other.Discussion is related tothe topic of Part 3.ABOUTTHEBOOKNew Success at First Certificate isanintegrated course divided into20 topic-based units. Every eight-page unit has fiveparts, eachstarting ona new page. Each of thesefive parts is called a 'Focus'.II__L.--_, ,------'L.---1l - - - - - - I ~ - I I ~ L - J - - - I~l ~ .:II" ~ I ~~ I I _ .. L&_',L_Ii' II'" ,.r!!., .. "IIIEach of Focus1-3 brings a fresh perspective to the unittopic together with integrated and varied language inputand practice. The Focus input may be one or more of:USE OF ENGLISHREADINGLISTENINGSPEAKINGPASSAGES FOR COMMENTPractice of vocabulary, structure and usage arisesnaturally from the input of the Focus. Practice activitiesand exercises may be one or more of:VOCABULARYLANGUAGE STUDYUSE OF ENGLISHPROBLEM SOLVINGWORD FORMATIONWRITINGFocus4 of each unit concentrates on the writing skilland the writing paper of the exam. It providesmodels, and practice of all the types of writing task(letter, narrative, speech, argument, description etc.)required in this part of the exam.Focus5 contains REVISION AND EXTENSION of keystructures and vocabulary. Many of the exercises are inthe form of the exam and there are cross-referenceswhere necessary to the Grammar Summary at the backof the book. This Summary provides clear grammaticalexplanations and examples.The Syllabus pages show how each unit practises eachof the fivepapers of the exam as well as listing thelanguage study and vocabulary covered. l>SYLLABUSl~ l l DOLPHIN AND AN ASTRONOMER Page 2FOCUSONEEXAM PRACTICE(PI = PaperI etc.)Speaking (PS)Reading (PI)LANGUAGE STUDY/VOCABULARYsay, tell, talk or speak?Form and meaningQuestionswith wholWOTHREEFOURFIVEListening (P4)Speaking (PS)Writing (argument 1) (P2)Revision and extensionConversationsAdvantages and disadvantages; link wordsWord building (verb to noun)lui ~ R A V E L WISELY, TRAVELWELL Page 10ONESpeaking (PS)Use of English (P3)Speaking (PS)travel, journey,voyage or trip?lWOTHREEFOURFIVEListening (P4)Speaking (PS)Writing (transactional letter 1) (P21Revision and extension (P31Listening (P4)Verb and noun combinations: give and takeInformal letter 1Revision of Units 1 and 2111 ~ H E INTERVIEW Page 18ONESpeaking (PS)Reading (P1)Phrasal verbsTHREEFOURFIVEReading (PI)Writing (letter of application 1) (P2)Revision and extensionWord building (apply, applicant, application etc.)Requests and intentionsFormal letterdo/does or am/is/are doing?will do or is/aredoing?CMESSAGES TO OURSELVESPage26FOCUSONEIEXAM PRACTICESpeaking (PS)Reading (PI)LANGUAGE STUDY/VOCABULARYSmall words with big meanings (few, little etc.)FOURFIVEWriting (story I) P2)Revision and extension (P3)Listening (P4)Punctuation and layout of direct speechRevision of Units 3 and 4B3Page34ONESpeaking (PS)Reading (PI)Ways of asking for permision (Is ... permitted?Do yOll mind .. .! etc.)FOURFIVEWriting (report 1) (P2)Revision and extensionStructure and language for a reportReview of verb forms (do, didor have done?)rIHONESTY ALWAYSPAY? Page 42ONESpeaking (PS)Reading (PI)I wish and If onlyFOURFIVEWriting (transactional letter 2) (P2)Revision and extension (P3)Listening (P4)ComplainingRevision of Units Sand 6[j]TO AN ADVICECOLUMN Page 50FOCUSONETHREEFOURFIVEEXAM PRACTICESpeaking (PS)Reading (PI)Listening lP4)Writing (argument 2) (P2)Revision and extensionLANGUAGE STUDY/VOCABULARYConditionalsrecPmmel1l:l, advise etc.stilZ( . he" . .More about .how;we report what people sayExpressing an opinionConditionals (1 and 2)WARRIORMADNESS Page 58ONETHREEFOURFIVESpeaking (PS)Reading (PI)Listening IIP4)Speaking (PS)Listening 2, (P4)Writing (informal letter 1)(P2)Revision and extension (P3)Listening (P4)Three types of past actionAdjective orderRevision of Units 7 and 8l-,,)FACEBEHIND THEMASK Page 66ONETHREEFOURFIVESpeaking (PS)Reading (PI)Reading (PI)Writing (article 1)(P2)Revision and extensionalthough and despite.let ormak.e?Adjectives describing characterWord building (noun - GS 5.3AAnswer the questions below.1 Afew minutes ago, the man in the picture wasworking. What did he stop doing a few minutesago?2 What did he stop to do?3 His lunch break is at 12 noon. What doeshe stopdoing at 12 noon?4 What does he stop to do at 12 noon?5 Imagine he can hear a radio when he is eating.Suddenly someone on the radio says 'Ladies andgentlemen. Here is a very importantannouncement.' What do you think the manwould probably stop doing?6 What would he probably stop todo?7 If you were in the middle of an English lesson andsuddenly heard an explosion outside, what wouldyou probably stop doing?8 What would you probably stop todo?who, which or whose?>- GS ILl,11.2B Complete these sentences with who, which orwhose.1 Whales and dolphins both make sounds _in some ways aresimilar toa language.2 People work with dolphins areoftensurprised at how intelligent they are.3 One scientist has studied dolphinscarefully is John Lilly.4 Lilly was the director of an institute _became famous for its research.5 Another person work has become wellknown is Roger Fouts.6 Fouts, has studied the behaviour of otheranimals, taught a chimpanzee sign language.7 This is the kind of language is used bydeaf and dumb people.8 'Dumb' is the word used in English for someone____is unable to speak.9 The chimpanzee, name was Washoe,learned about 160 signs.In which of the above sentences can you also usethat? In which sentence can you only use who?When do you have to use the? >- GS 3.2, 3.3C How many mistakes can you find in this text?Most lines contain an unnecessary word.Underline these words and tick any lines thatare correct. There are two examples (0) and (00).o Roger Fouts is a scientist who is very interested in .I00 the behaviour of the animals. For years he has1 studied the animal behaviour. He has also studied2 thechimpanzees. One of the chimpanzees he3 studied was called Washoe. He taught Washoe to4 make the signs as a means of communication. All5 over the world, the deaf and dumb people use signs6 to communicate. The grammar of sign language is7 very different from the English grammar or the8 grammar of other languages of the world.Some9 people think the sign language is not a real10 language but they are completely wrong. The11 vocabulary and grammar of the sign language is12 very rich. Chimpanzees can learn the signs that13 are part of sign language but they cannot learn the14 grammar. That is why the communication is not15 very easy for them when they use sign language.FOCUS TWOUNITI 51151I 8 I II 9 I ][IOT]The schoolThe hotelThe churchWho is the speaker speakingto now?Who forgot to give someonesome important information?Who is in the same room asthe student?Who did the speaker talk toearlier this evening?Who didn't know the studentwould be late?141Whose plane was delayed?In fact} in some parts of the country there havealready been 16 I I.However, this weather brings a1$I I.However, the weather has been even worse inIJI I.DYou will hear the third conversation again.Answer questions 11-16 by writingS (the speaker], W (Mrs Wellford),H(Mrs Wellford's husband), orK (KlausKlein).CYou will hear the second conversation again.For questions 8-10, choose from the list A-Dwhere the three places are.There is one letter that you do not need to use.AIt is just around the corner.B It is the first place you see when you getto theright street.CIt is next to the first place you see when you getto the right street.DIt is right in front of where the two speakers arestanding.BYou will hear the first conversation again. Forquestions 4-7, complete the sentences thatsummarize what the speaker says.The good news is that last night for the first timein seven days there wasLISTENINGg2 You hear two people talking in the street. What isone of them looking for?A a language schoolB a churchC a hotel3 A woman is phoning someone. Who is she talkingto?Asomeone in GermanyB a student at a language schoolC someone a student is going to stay with1 You are in the south of England when you hearthis. What is the weather like?AIt is much colder.BIt may snow.CIt is snowing heavily.AYou will hear people talking in three differentsituations. For questions 1-3, choose the bestanswer, A, Bor C.6 UNITIFOCUSTHREESPEAKINGAFinding out about each otherAsk your partners: why they want to learn English. how they think English may help them in lateflife. what problems they have had learning English.BProblem solvingThe picture below shows some of the thingsmany language schools in Britain offer theirstudents. In pairs or groups first discuss thesequestions.1 What is happening in each picture?2 What are the advantages and disadvantages oflearning English in Britain or another countrywhere English is spoken, rather than learningEnglish in your own country?3 Suppose you are planning to study English at aschool in Britain. Which of these facilities orfeatures do you think are very important? Whichdo you think are not so important? Give reasonsfor your answers. small classes of between 6 and 9 students a library use of computers a language laboratory tennis courts sports facilities a canteenCDiscussionInpairs or groups discuss which of these activitiesyouthink have helped you to learn English. reading English looking up words in a dictionary speaking to other students in your class in English listening to your teacher speak English having a friend who speaks English as his or hernative languageNow tell your partners one other activity or thingthat you think can help you to learn English.FOCUS THREE UNITI 7WRITINGComposition (argument) 1In Part 2 of Paper 2, you may be asked to write acomposition. One type of composition asks you towrite about the advantages and disadvantages of aparticular topic. You must organize what you aregoing to say before you start writing.A Below is a composition on the advantages anddisadvantages of living in the country. Fill eachof the numbered spaces with one of thefollowing words or phrases. Try not to use thesame expression twice.First of all/FirstlyIn addition/ Moreover/FurthermoreSo/As a result/ThereforeHowever/On the other hand/In contrastIn conclusion/To sum up/On the wholeLiving in the country is something that peoplefrom the city often dream about. (1), -in reality, it has both its advantages anddisadvantages.There are certainly many advantages to living inthe country. (2), yORCan enjoy peaceand quiet. (3), people tend tobefriendlier and more open. A fu.rther ad"aYltageisthat there is less traffic, so it issaferpryoul.1gchildren.(4), there are certain life outside the city. (5) .' there are fewer people, you are likelyto.havefewer friends. (6), entertainment isdifficult to find, particularly in the evening.Furthermore, the fact thattherearefewe{shopsand services means that it is harder to find work.(7) .'you may have to travel alongway to work, which can be extremely expensive.(8), it can be seenmore suitable for some(9), it is oftenwho are retired or who have(10), young, singkpeqplt}Vhqhave acareer are better provided for in the B Match these headings to the four paragraphs.Disadvantages AdvantagesConclusion IntroductionC Make a list of all the advantages anddisadvantages mentioned in the composition.D The following notes, on the advantages anddisadvantages of television, are mixed up. Putthe notes into two lists. An example is given.ADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGESstops people feeling lonelystops people feeling lonelybad for the eyescan be educationalstops people from talking to each otherdiscourages people from taking exercisecheapmakes reading seem less attractivegood for old people living alonecan create problems in the familygood for childrenstops people from going to the theatre, cinema, etc.bad for the sports industryCan you add any more advantages or disadvantagesto these lists?E Here are some other useful expressions for thiskind of composition.One of the advantages/disadvantages of ... is ...There are advantages and disadvantages to .The (main) advantage/disadvantage of is .The main drawback/problem with ... is .A further advantage (of)/problem (with) isF Read these notes before you write a compositionon one of the topics in G.1 Make two lists - one of advantages, one ofdisadvantages.2 Decide in what order you will mention thepoints.3 Decide what to say in the introduction andthe co:riclusion.4 Use some of the words and phrases in A andE above to link your composition.G Write your composition in four paragraphs,leaving a line between each one. You shouldwrite between 120 and 180 words.1 Your teacher has asked you to write a compositiorwith the following title:TV: is it a good thing?2 Your teacher has asked you to write a compositioranswering the following question:What are the advantages and disadvantages ofliving at home with your parents?8 UNIT I6 REACT7 THOUGHT8 INTRODUCE9 TEACH10 NEEDREVISION ANDEXTENSIONHow words change from verb to nounALook at the word in capital letters. Completeeach short passage with the correct form of theword. Does the word always change? What formof the word do you need in each space?1 AGREEThe two sides have signed an to end thefighting, and most independent observers _that the deal is fairtoeveryone.2 MEANHave you ever been abroad and asked yourself 'Whatdoes that word ?' Well, now you can find outwith the help of the Electronic Translator, a smallcomputer that lists the of over 20,000common words in six European languages.3 ARRIVEWewent to the airport to collect Katie at 2.30. Wechecked the screens in the hall, but there was nonews of the of her flight. Then we went tothe information desk, and were told that there wouldbe a long delay and in the end she didn't _until 9.30.4 COLLECTMyuncle stamps, and the other day he wentto see an expert. He took his along, and hewas told that it was worth thousands of poundsbecause he had a number of very rare and unusualstamps.BWhen a verb changes to a noun, the form canchange in a number of ways. Can you think ofother examples of each of the following? A special ending (a suffix) is added:amuse - amusement act -actionappear-appearance refer -referencerefuse - refusal tend -tendency A vowel and/or consonant changes:sell- sale believe - belief The spelling is the same but the pronunciationchanges:I don'tuse (/zl) soap. I have no use (Is() for soap. Some verbs ending in -se have noun forms endingin -ce:to advise -adviceto practise - practice In a few cases, the stress changes:Weimport (imPORT) cars.This is an import. (IMport) But with many verbs, the noun form is exactly thesame:I love you. Love is a dangerous thing.I hate you. Hate is a strong feeling.CHow do these forms change? Give the missingformof the words below.VERB NOUNsuggestslAggeslioflexp/aiflexplanationsatisfypermissioninterfereappearanceencouragedeliveryseebreathgiveexportprovepracticeadvise From the completed table above and from anyother words you know, make a list of endings like-ion which show you a word is a noun. Pronounce the words in the table. Do you noticeany other changes from verb to noun?DComplete the following passage with the correctform of the words in capital letters (1-10). Youwill have to change a verbto a noun or a noun toa verb.The fear of crime is leading tothe (0) fr'aflsfor'lrIalioflof housing estates into fortresses. In Rosemont USAthe local council decided to fence off an entire' ,neighbourhood of 2,000 people. It is only possible to(I) the estate by two gateways, which aremanned 24 hours a day by armed police. Anyone whowants to (2) is asked to provide(3) and has togive the police a reasonable(4) of why they want tocome in. A videocamera films the (5) plates of all the carsthat come in and out. The people of Rosemont havehad mixed (6) to the scheme. Someresidents (7) itis a good idea, and pointout that there have been no crimes since the(8) of the scheme. However, others arenot pleased. Linda Edwards, a (9) , said:'These are public streets, there's no(10), _for the police to sit on our doorstep all the time. It'slike living in a prison.'oTRANSFORM1 ENTRANCE2 VISITOR3 IDENTIFY4 EXPLAIN5 LICENSEFOCUS FIVE UNITI 9TRAVEL WISELY, TRAVEL WELL'5SPEAKINGATalking on your ownWork in pairs as Student A and B. Do not interruptwhile your partner is speaking.Student A: Describe and compare the forms oftransport the people are using in bothpictures. Say which form of transport youprefer.Student B: Describe and compare the people and theplaces in both pictures. Say what reasonsthe people may have for travelling.B Finding out about each otherAsk the other students in the class about the differentmeans of transport (train, car, plane, bike, travellingon foot, etc.)they have used in the past month.C Discussion1 What advantages and disadvantages do people havewhen travelling by public transport and in theirown cars?2 What kind of problems can people have whentravelling?USE OFENGLISHARead the text quickly, ignoring the missingwords (1-8).I have learned, often the hard (0) way , that thereare a fewsimple rules about how to make life easierboth before and after the journey. First of all, youmust always check and double-check departuretimes. This is absolutely essential. It is amazing howfew people do this really carefully. Once I arrived atthe airport a few minutes before ten. My secretaryhad got the ticket for me and I thought she had saidthat the plane left at 10.50. I walked calmly to thedeparture gate, thinking I (1) had a littletime to spare. I hadn't bothered to take a good look atthe ticket. The clerk at the desk told me politely butfirmly that the departure time was10.15 and that,(2) to international regulations, the flightwas 'now closed'.Secondly, you should remember that even in this(3) of credit cards, it is still important tohave at least a little of the local currency with youwhen you arrive in a country. This can be absolutelyessential if you are flying toa place few touristsnormally visit. A few years ago I was sent to Tulsa,Oklahoma. I flew there from London viaDallas withvery little time to (4) planes in between. Iarrived there at midnight and the bank at the airportwas closed. The only (5) to getto the hotelwas by taxi and, since I had no American dollars, Ioffered to pay in British pounds instead.'Listen, buddy. I only take real money!' the driversaid angrily. Luckily, I was ableto (6) a fewdollars from a clerk at the hotel, but it was veryembarrassing.10 UNIT2JBDecide which is the best word, A, B, C or D, tocomplete gaps 1-8. An example is given (0).The third and last rule is to find out as much asyou can about the weather at your (7) beforeyou leave. It may be very different from the weather athome. I feel sorry for some of my colleagues whotravel in heavy suits and raincoats in March or April,when it is still fairly cool in places like London, Berlinor New York, to places like Athens, Rome or Madrid,where it is already beginning toget quite warm duringthe day. Few people understand just how important itis to have the right sort of clothes with you in thesedays of rapid air (8) _a2345678Apath C wayB road D streetAstill C thenB yet D alreadyAregarding C accordingB relating D referringAperiod C termB time D ageAexchange C transferB change D alterAway C pathB manner D routeAborrow C gainB lend D begAgoal C objectiveB aim D destinationAtravel C journeysB trips D voyagesVOCABULARYtravel, journey, voyage or trip?AWhich word suggests the following?1 going somewhere by ship2 going a long distance, perhaps by land3 going somewhere for business/shopping or for ashort period4 the general idea of going from one place to anotherCDiscuss these questions. Compare your answers.1 Explain why the writer once arrived atthe airportonly a fewminutes before the plane left.2 Whose fault do you think it was, the writer's or hissecretary's? Give reasons for your answer.3 Explain why the writer thinks itis essential tohave at least a little local currency when you arrivein a foreign country.4 Describe some of the problems you could have ifyou ignore the advice in the last paragraph.SPEAKINGProblem solvingIn pairs or groups dothe exercise below. Thencompare your answers with others.Imagine you are going tovisit the United States in thewinter for ten days. You are going to New York, whereit is very cold and Los Angeles, where it is warm. Youcantake only one small suitcase and ten items each.Decide what you would take. Give reasons for takingeach item.B Now complete these sentences.1 I'm going away tomorrow on a business .2 How are you going to ? By train or byplane?3 The over the mountains took two days.4 Would you like togo on a long ocean ?flight, drive, ride or tour?C Use one of the words above to complete thesesentences.1 Would you like a __on my motor-bike?2 We went on a guided __of the city.3 I took my grandparents on a nice, quiet in mycar.4 Olympic Airways has a __from Athens toTokyo early tomorrow morning.S The whole orchestra is going on a of cities inAsia, Europe and the United States.6 Thank you for flying with us. We hope you havehad a good __.7 Can you __a car?8 Can you __a bike, too?RUNIT 2 IIREADINGAYou are going to read part of a leaflet about London's Heathrow Airport. After you have read it quickly,look at the questions in B on the next page.~ Passport ControlIf youare not transferring toanother flight outsideBritain or NorthernIreland, youmustpass throughPassport Control andCustoms immediately after leavingyour plane. Ifyou arenot British or a citizen of a country in theEuropean Community, youmust fill out a specialformcalledalanding cardbeforeyour passport is examined. This cardshouldbe given toyou during the flight. However; you can also obtainone inside the terminal building.Whenyouenter theterminal building fromyour aircraft, follow theARRIVALSsigns.Make sure that you areinthe right channelwhen you reachPASSPORT CONTROL.Thereis. one channel for holdersofEuropean Communitypassports and a second channelmarked 'Other Passports'.[[] Getting Your LuggageIfyouhaveluggage which wascarriedin the aircraft hold. follow theBAGGAGE RECLAIMsigns after your passport hasbeenexamined. If youhave only handluggage, pass throughthe baggage reclaim area and follow the CUSTOMS sign..................................................... ~ .................................[9 CustomsAll passengers arriving froma country outside BritainandNorthernIreland areallowed tobring withthemacertainquantity of dutyfree items. You canget informationabouthowmuch youcan bringbyreadingthesignsmarked DutyFreeAllowances in thebaggagereclaim area.There arethreeCustoms Channels; theRed Channel, theGreen Channel and theBlueChannel. If youhavesomething todeclare, orif youare not sure aboutyour Duty F r e ~Allowance, you must gothroughthe RedChannel. Passengers arrivingfromoutside theEuropean Community with nothing to declare must go through the Green Channel.Passengers arrivingfromcountries in theEuropeanCommunitywith nothingtodeclaremust go through the Blue Channel.Pleasenote that Customs Officers may stop you at any timeandexamine your luggageas you go through the Green or Blue Channels.[Q] TransitPassengersIf youare immediately transferring toanother flight at Heathrowthatis not boundfora destinationin Britain or NorthernIreland,youare atransit passengerand do not have togothroughtheprocedures above.All transit passengers should followthe black and yellowTRANSFERS signs.Airport staff at the Transfer Deskandatotherplacesin the terminal will direct you to your departure gate.12 UNIT 2B Which section refers topeople who may ask you questions0Cabout what is in your luggage?your suitcases and what is inthem?12people who are waiting for their3suitcases to come from the plane?something you must do if, for example,you have a US or Japanese passport? I4people who are going tochange planesat Heathrow and go to anotherforeigncountry?5tobacco, alcohol and other thingswith a special tax on them?6people of all nationalities who havejust come from countries like Japan,the USA, Argentina?78people of all nationalities who havejust come from countries like France,Italy, Germany?910the first thing you do after you getout of the plane atHeathrow?IIspecial signs for people who havenot yet completed their journey?12CIn pairs or groups, explain the following.1 How passengers can get a landing card and whatthey have todo with it.2 The purpose of the three Customs Channels.3 What exactly a duty freeallowance is.LANGUAGE STUDYmay, should, must, will> GS 7AStudy these examples. How does the meaning ofthe underlined word change?a) Someone may stop you and ask you to open yoursuitcase.b) May I have a look in your suitcase, sir?c) You'reill. You should see a doctor.d) We should be arriving in Athens ontime.~ I You must be tired after that long flight.t) You must go through Passport Control.g) Will this happen?h) Will youshow me your passport, please?Repeat the sentence that is1 a command or order2 a request3 someone asking for permission4 adviceNow repeat the sentence that meansS As long as there are no problems, this will happen.6 This can happen -but perhaps it won't.7 Give me your opinion about the future.8 Surely the answer is 'Yes'. After all, it's logical, isn'tit?B Use may, should, must or will tocomplete thesesentences.1 You be blind if you can't see that sign!2 It's raining. You take an umbrella.3 Excuse me, but I ask you somethingpersonal?4 Listen. I be late this evening, so don't waitforme.S If you see George, you give him thismessage?6 Before the plane lands, the 'No Smoking' sign____come on.7 When the 'No Smoking' sign comes on, you____stop smoking.8 The train be here in a few minutes, butyou never know.;; FOCUS:tWOmUNIT 2 13auLANGUAGE STUDY....--....._--_..........._-_......_............__..........-....~ m = m r ' \ ' ? " "LISTENING c;;;;]You will hear people talking in six differentsituations. Choose the best answer for eachquestion, A, B or C.1 You overhear this conversation in the airport.Where exactly are you?Aat Passport ControlB in a Customs ChannelC at Baggage Reclaim2 A man and woman are talking. What is the man'sproblem?AHis luggage is on the wrong plane.B He can't remember where he is staying inLondon.CHe is looking for someone but doesn't knowwhat the person looks like.3 What is this announcement about?Awhich Customs Channel to useB who should get on the plane firstC a delay of some kind4 What question has this man just been asked atPassport Control?AWhat is your occupation?B Where have youjust come from?CWhat is the purpose of your visit?5 You live in Madrid and a friend has left thismessage on your answer phone. What is themessage?AYour friend isn't coming to Madrid.B She will arrive later than expected.C She is already in Madrid and will contact youlater this evening.6 You and a friend are waiting to go on the nextBritish Airways flight to Madrid. What should yousay to your friend after hearing thisannouncement?ADon't worry. There's plenty of time yet.B Oh, no! Not another delay!CThat must be our flight! Come on. Hurry!14 UNIT 2Verb and noun combinations: give and takeAWhich of the things below can we take? Whichcan we give? Say the complete phrases aloudwith give or take.B Rewrite the second sentence in each pair. Useno more than fivewords including the word inbold. Do NOT change this word. An example isgiven (0).D Phone me tomorrow please.give Pleasegiveme acall tomorrow.1 What is the subject of your lecture tomorrow?talk What are tomorrow?2 There is a conference here today.taking A conference today.3 Do politics interest you?take Do you politics?4 My wife had twins last week.gave Last week twins.5 I spent an hour doing this exercise.took It todo this exercise.6 Get in my car. I'll take you tothe station.give Let me to the station.7 When my mother was ill, I looked after her.took I when she was ill.8 Lately I've had problems with my back.trouble My back lately.9 There were three participants in the discussion.took Three people thediscussion.SPEAKINGAIn pairs, match the questions 1-5 with theanswers a-e.1 Have youever been to Mexico?2 Really? Why? What do you know about it?3 Is there anything else you can tell me about it?4 No, I'm afraid I haven't. Could you tell me abouthim?5 So, just imagine you could spend a week there.What would you do? What would you want to see?a) I'd like to see the places where the Aztecs and alsothe Mayas once lived. I'd also like to visit somemuseums.b)He wasan artist. He painted some wonderfulpictures.c) No, I haven't, but I'd like to go there.d) It's a very big country. The climate is very warm.There were two great civilizations there before theSpaniards came, the Aztecs and the Mayas. Let'ssee... what else. The capital is Mexico City.c) Yes, the food is supposed to be very good. Themusic is very interesting, too. And I'm alsoveryinterested inthe work of Diego Rivera. Have youever heard of him?B Find out about each other's experiences. Askquestions like 1-5 about one of the placesshown in the pictures. Also ask about the thingsbelow. What do they know about themoney, thelanguage, the customs, the food, etc.? Can they tell you anything about the weather andthe kind of clothes you would need if you wentthere for a week? Is there anything else your partner hasn'tmentioned which he or shecan tell you?C Now think of another place you think yourpartner would find interesting. It can be a placein your own country or somewhere else. Tellyour partner a little about it and why you thinkhe or she would find it interesting. You can usethe language below. I'd like to tell you a little about ... I think you'd find it interesting because... It's famous for its ... and also its ... If you go there, you should know a little about theclimate there. The best time of the year to go thereis ...The worst time to visit it is... because...UNIT 2 15SrTm,.",.WRITINGTransactional letter 1get/obtain tickets for the play if you like. Hope tohear from you soon, and maybe we can meet up thenext time youare here.Yours/Yoursfaithfully, BillyIn the first part of Paper 2 you will be asked to write a'transactional' letter, based on some information thatis provided. You should make sure that your lettercovers all the points that are given.ASample taskBelow is part of a letter you have received from afriend. Write a reply based on the notes you havemade and the other information given. weal-her clothes 1-0 bringplans - Saiurdau.sightseeing,restaurant in theevening;Sunday: lunch a!kame, will take1-0lhairportThecourse finishes on Friday 18th, but I'mnot flyingback until the Sunday evening. Could I come and seeyouthen? Do let me knowif wecan arrange something.Thereare a couple of other things. Theflight in doesn'tarrive until 11 in the evening. Are there any buses intothe city centre that late? If so, could you find out howmuch they cost andhowlong they take?Theother thing is that I needto knowwhat theweather will be like, so I can bring the right sort ofclothes. I don't want to arrivewithall the wrong things!Anyway, I do hope wecan meet up - it'dbe great to seeyou again.Yours, Sandy EVERY 20 MINUTES REASONABLEFARES 24-HOURSERVICEC Writing taskA friend is coming from Australia todo a two-weekcourse in your country. Read the part of your friend'sletter below, together with the other information.Then write a suitable reply in 120-180 words.R&Jno- awaytnUSAunli]161-hPickwick- 35af1ighl- neartheatreYours, JerryI don't know if you will be around when I comebut if not, could you suggest somewhere tostay'? I'll only be staying one night, but Ithought there would probably be something onat the theatre. Could you-And out for me andlet me know'? Hope to see you soon,B Read this reply. Choose the best options fromthe words in italics. Remember that this is aninformal letter to a friend.Many thanks for your letter -it was great/a pleasureto hear from you again.I'm so sorry]! apologize, but I won't be here whenyou come, because I'll be away in the States, and Idon't get back until the16th. It's such a shame/mostunfortunate.Nevertheless/Anyway, I've asked around aboutplaces to stay in and a couple of people have suggestedthe Pickwick Hotel in Garfield Road. It costs about35 a night and it's fairly close to the theatre, andconsequently/so I think it would suit you quite well.As far as the theatre is concerned, there's aperformance of Romeo and Juliet on, which youwould probably enjoy. It starts/commences at 7.30,and tickets areabout 20.Do let me know/inform me if there is anythingyou'd like metodo -I can book you a room andDRead these notes before you write your letter.1 Use the following plan:Paragraph 1 introductionParagraph 2 main details of airport busesParagraph 3 details about the weather andwhat clothes to bringParagraph 4 arrangements for the weekend(Use your imagination here.)Paragraph 5 ending2 Make your paragraph divisions clear. Leavean empty line between paragraphs.3 Remember to write in an informal style. Tryto use phrases from the example in yourletter.4 Assume that you are writing toa friend whois the same age as you. You can usecontractions like I'll,we've, it's, etc.16 UNIT 2REVISION ANDEXTENSIONRead this letter from someone who is doing alanguage course in France. Choose the best word,A, B, C or D, to fill spaces 1-15.Dear MWI1andDad,TI1is is jusla quickleller10 leiyouhnoitha! I'm [ine. We're allworkil1gquite hardbecause IAeexamsareol1lyafew weeksaway,but our teacher (1) he IAil1kswe'll dowell(Mylandladg's/101so sure - shekeeps(2) me [ shouldslop(3) somucl, TV anddo a bit more readinql}Al1yway, Wehad aWOI1 derh;I lime atAalf-term. [ wen! off 10 Parisfor (4) dayswilAsome of IAeothers fromIAeschool, andwe wen!011 a guided(5) of IAecily.We saw mas! of IAe famous(6) likeIAeLouvre, whero IAeyAave aMama2il1g(7) of pail1lil1gs, andIAeElffel Tower.TAel1 we wen! down10 IAeSoulA of France(8) train. II was so[ast - IAewhole(9) was ol1lyabout four hours. Wespent (10) limetnNiceandinCaMesaswell, andwe all reallyenjopedil. 011 ourlas! daywe wen! 10 asmall island(11) IAeIIedes Pelerins, andwe sawIAecastlewhere IAeyused10 keepIAe 'Mal1inIAeIronM a s k ~ All inall, we kada qrea!lime and (12) weatherwas really goodas well TAeol1ly IAil1g[ fell- (13) _about Was tha!we didn'! have enouql, lime 10(14) 10 go sWimmil1g - maybe nex!lime.A11Yway, [ mus! go/1OWasI'vegol- 10 do abi; of homeworl: fortomorrow. (15) _you writeSOOI1(Love Jal1ieA says C speaksB tells D talks2A saying C speakingB telling D talking3 A watch C to watchB watched Dwatching4 A a little C a fewB little Dfew5 A trip C tourB visit D excursion6 A shows C VIewsB sights Dlooks7 A set C galleryB group D collection8 A in C withB by Don9 A voyage C driveB travel D journey10 A a little C fewB little Da fe,,:11 A spoken C calledB said D told12 A any C theB a D those13 A sorry C displeasedB apologetic D regretful14 A spend C spareB waste D take15 A Must C MayB Should DWillLISTENING ~You will hear a telephone conversation duringwhich a man asks a tour company about the tripsthey organize. For questions 1-8 fill in the missinginformation in the man's notes.TRAGICAL MYSTERYTOURSBus trip to(1) Picked up at Temple(2) at (3) p.m. Evening meal atGreenwich. (4) commentary throughout.Runsevery day except (5) Ghost Busto Chislehurst inKent. Takea walk through thecaves and(6) Tripsonly on(7) and .Cost of trips: Adults (8) .ChildrenUNIT 2 17THEINTERVIEWSPEAKING READINGS !Ii ffill4iItlLATalking on your ownWork in pairs as Student A and B. Do not interruptwhile your partner is speaking.Student A: Describe and compare the places in bothpictures. What do you think usuallyhappens in these places?Student B: Describe and compare the people in bothpictures. What do you think they mightbe saying to each other?BDiscussion1 Which of the two locations in the pictures is not agood place for an interview? Give reasons for youranswer.2 What are some of the questions that are asked inalmost every interview?3 Imagine you are going to be interviewed for a jobwith a large international organization next week.How could you prepare for the interview?The woman at the reception desk looked surprisedwhen I told her why I had come.'Take a seat over there/ she said, and pointed tosome chairs where three young women were alreadysitting. They gave me a strange look. One of themgiggled and whispered something to the other two.They seemed to find something amusing about me.I sat down and spent a few minutes looking at theadvertisement again.mreyoubetween 21 and3D? Areyoufluent inSpanish,1Portugueseor Greek?Areyougoodat communicatingwithpeople on thephone? Would you find it interesting towork asthe assistant to the sales director of asmall butgrowingsoftwarecompany? Ifyour answer toat least twoofthese questions is 'Yes', writeto us at theaddress below, giving details of yourprevious work experience.12 SOUTHSTREET. BRIGHTON. SUSSEXBN13AQ18 UNIT3FOCUS ONEI had come across the advertisement in the localnewspaper and had immediately sent them a shortletter about myself. A fewdays later I had got back ashort note asking me to come for an interview. Theyhadn't sent me an application form to fill out or evenasked for a photograph. Suddenly I remembered that Ihad signed my letter 'Chris Neale'. Had they assumedthat 'Chris' meant 'Christine' and not 'Christopher'?Did' assistant' in the advertisement mean 'PersonalAssistant' -another word for 'Secretary'? Was this ajobthat only women could get? I hadn't personallycome up against that difficulty before.Aman in his early thirties came out of one of theoffices and asked the three young women if they hadcome about the advertisement. Hedidn't seem tonotice me.'Where's the other girl who applied?' he asked,looking at a list.Discuss these questions.1 Is the person who wrote the story a man or awoman? How old could he or she be?2 Without looking at the advertisement again,describe the job that is advertised.3 Now describe the things a person in such a jobmight do at work.4 How do you think the writer felt after he spoke tothe woman atthe reception desk?5 Explain what you think made him feel the way hedid.6 Do you think there was some kind ofmisunderstanding? If so, explain what themisunderstanding was and how it perhaps cameabout.7 Give some examples of 'typical jobs for women'and 'typical jobs for men'.8 What happened before the writer went to theinterview?9 How do you know this happened before theinterview?VOCABULARY7jaimE IAIn pairs or groups read the sentences below. Saywhich sentence in each pair contains a phrasalverb, explaining why you think it isa phrasalverb.1 Where did you come across this information?2 Come across the street with me.3 Your name came up again in conversation.4 The submarine came upslowly in the darkness.5 This letter came about two daysago.6 How did this misunderstanding come about?7 The submarine came up against a dark sky, sonobody saw it.8 Have you ever come up against this problem?9 The boy went upstairs and then came down witha book in his hands.10 The boy came down with a bad cold.11 I almost passed out when I heard I had won firstprize.12 Oil comes into the engine through the blue tubeand then passes out through the red tube.13 The patient was given an anaesthetic and didn'tcome to for three hours.14 The woman came to the doorand looked at me.B Match the meanings a-g with the phrasal verbsused in A.a) meet or face a difficultyb) happenc) regain consciousnessd) find by accident or hear aboute) be talked about, mentioned or discussedf) fall ill withg) lose consciousnessLANGUAGE STUDYRewrite the second sentence in each pair. Use nomore than five words including the word in bold.Do NOT change this word. An example is given (0).a All students face the problem of phrasal verbs.come All students cOlnelApaga/tIs/- phrasalverbs.1 Is it the first time you've heard of phrasal verbs?come Have you ever phrasalverbs before?2 Are you as interested in them as I am?find Do you interesting as I do?3 Do you use them well?good Are you them?4 I have the impression you know something aboutthem.seem You something about them.5 What is another way of saying 'I fell ill with acold'?came How can I say 'I a cold'?6 What about 'We often discuss this subject in ourlessons'?comes What about 'This subject _our lessons'?7 Some examples even amuse students.find Students amusing.8 I think we've discussed phrasal verbs enough now.stop Let's now.9 If you study any more, you may loseconsciousness.pass You may if you go onstudying.10 Why don't you rest a little now?break Why don't now?FOCUS ONE UNIT3 19USE OF ENGLISHRead the job advertisement quickly to get an ideaof what it is about. Ignore the missing words.Fill spaces 1-15 with these words.a an as between but for in ofon than the up which who withVOCABULARYRead this text and the words in capital lettersbelowit. Change the form of each word so that itfits the numbered space. An example is given (0).The question 'What makes a manager (O) successful ?'often comes up. First of all, a manager needs the rightkind of (I)support. In other words, a goodmanager requires the (2)of a goodsecretary. A good secretary needs to have the rightkind of (3)skills. These include the{4}to use modern technology, such ascomputers. There are (5)skills that arejust as important. More and more managers needsecretaries who can speak several foreign languages(6). Success or failure in international(7)can depend on this. This(8)is often stressed in job advertisementstoday. Many {9}are rejected because thecandidates lack such skills.o SUCCESS5 ADDITION1 PROFESSION6 FLUENT2 ASSIST7 NEGOTIATE3 SECRETARY8 REQUIRE4 ABLE9 APPLYSPEAKINGIn pairs or groups, imagine the telephoneconversation between speakers A and B. Discusswith each other exactly what you think they say toeach other. Then, in pairs, take a role each.A You have seen the advertisement on the left.Phone for an application form. Ask about thesalary. Try to get more information.B You work in the personnel department. Find outwhich job the caller is interested in and personaldetails (name, address, phone number, previous jobexperience). You are not allowed to give moreinformation about either of the jobs.20 UNIT 3FOCUSTWOLISTENING[:;]AYouwill hear part of two different jobinterviews. For questions 1-7, choose the bestanswer, A, B or C.Has the first candidate any previous experience ofthe job he is applying for?AYes.BNo.eHe isn't sure.2. What does the job he is applying for not involve?A travellingBselling booksemeeting people3 Why did he leave his last job?A He doesn't want to say.BHe wanted totravel and meet people.eHe didn't like his boss.4 Why is the second candidate interested in the jobshe is applying for?AIt is similar to her previous job.BShe can improve some skills she has alreadylearned.e She wants to learn how todeal with differentkinds of people.S Why did she argue with her previous boss?AShe didn't do the things he asked her todo.B He wrongly thought he had asked her todothings.eHe said she had done things that he had neverasked her todo.6 What else does she say about her previous job?AIt taught her something important.B Her boss made her work too hard.e She liked the job itself very much.7 Which of these things does she say she intends todo in her next job?Aavoid arguing with the bossB listen only to what the boss tells her todoe talk to her boss and others about her jobresponsibilitiesBYou will now hear the two interviews again.Check your answers to1-7.CExplain to someone else the problem the secondspeaker had with her boss and what the cause ofthat problem was. Then suggest a way to solveit.SPEAKINGATalking about yourself1 In pairs or small groups, describe a job you wouldnot like todo, giving reasons why you would notwant todo it.2. Talk about a job you wanted to do when you wereyounger. Say why you wanted todo itthen. If youno longer want todo it, explain why not.B Discussion1 Are the jobs below usually done by men orwomen? Why do you think this is?astronaut coal miner dancer lorry drivernurse pilot police officer shop assistantsurgeon2. There are many jobs in which a knowledge ofEnglish is essential or desirable. Name some ofthese jobs and say why English is important forthem.FOCUS TWOUNIT 3 21READINGYou are going to read part of a leaflet prepared by alarge employment agency. It gives advice on whatto do and what not to do at interviews. Choose themost suitable heading from the list A-F for eachpart (1-4). There is an example at the beginning (0).Notice that there is one heading which youdo NOT need to use.Qon't talk only about what you hc;>pe, to '" from the firm. Emphasize whatrqllq.n do for them and all the things,in;your ';" ' , previous experience and training;that you'. ',' think will be useful in the new surealso to mention something you nave,'learnedabout your prospective emplqyers that you... ,,Look at your interviewer when he or she asksyou questions.\\fyq", don't understand asayil';:;' if I, ....: ;ry \;'," R.emerober the questions;'ask: Be sure to ask at least one or two beforethe interview is over.At the end, thank your interviewers for seeingyou.22 UNIT 3FOCUSTHREEVOCABULARYB Complete the table. The first two examples havebeen done for you.CIn each of the following sentences, fill one spacewith a form of going to and the other space withwill.Example:(Janet) [anet is going to catch the 8.30 train tomorrow,so (you) will you take her to the station?1 (You) give me a hand moving thefurniture as(I) clean the floorlater?2 (We) go out for dinner at8.00, so (you)_____make sure you're back in time?3 If (you) play tennis with Richard, (you)_____let Emily come and watch?4 (You) look after the children for anhour, as(I) get a fewthings from thesupermarket?LANGUAGE STUDYDFind out what your partner intends to do. Askquestions with going to, using 1-7 below andyour own ideas. If the answer is No, ask whynot.1 take the Cambridge exam this year2 study this weekend3 do anything interesting next weekend4 spend most of their freetime studyingS have a party if they pass6 come to your party if you pass7 do anything else interesting this yearRequests and intentions~ GS 7.1,7.3, 13.3B Use Are you going to ... or Will you . . . torephrase these sentences.1 Do you intend to help me?2 Please help me.3 Do you plan to get married soon?4 Please marry me.S Do you intend to answer these questions?6 Please answer these questions.7 Please take this to the post office.8 Do you intend to take this to the post office?9 Do you intend to explain the difference betweenwill and going to ... ?10 Please explain it again.AWhat's the difference?a) Will you do a favour for me?b) Would you do a favour for me?c) Are you going todo this favour for me?1 Which sentence means Do you intend to ... !2 Which sentences often have please atthe end?employerapp/ical1linterviewer/intervieweeloverPERSONadviserassistantACTION78 criticize1 apply234569 use101112 discoverAWork in pairs. Take it in turns to read out aquestion (1-6). Your partner should then readaloud the answer, choosing from a-f.1 Where are the new applicants?2 Where arethe new applications?3 Do you need any assistance?4 Do you need an assistant?5 Who's your new employer?6 who's your new employee?a) Yes, I'd like some information, please.b) They're waiting to be interviewed.c) On your desk.d] Do you mean my new secretary?e) An American company.f) Yes, someone with secretarial skills.CExplain how the choice of words changes themeaning in 1-4 below.1 Are you the new trainer/trainee?2 Look at the interviewee/interviewer when youspeak.3 Don't throw the critic/criticism in the wastebasket.4 Do you want tokill the competitor/competition?FOCUSTHREEUNIT 3 23WRITINGLetter of application 1In Part 2 of Paper 2, you may be asked to write a letterapplying for a job. If you are replying to anadvertisement, you must be careful to cover all thepoints. You should write in a suitably formal style.A Read this advertisement.C Read the advice (notes 1-7) on how to write agood letter of application. Then find the part ofthe letter in B that relates to each piece ofadvice. Finally, re-arrange the advice so that it isin the same order as the letter.1 Make it clear which post you are interested in andhow you heard or learned about the job.2 Describe your present position or situation brieflyand clearly.3 Begin the letter with 'Dear Mr ... ', 'Dear Ms ... ' or'Dear Mrs ... '. However, if you don't know thename of the person, remember that there isanother phrase you can use.4 Sign off correctly. Use a suitable formal phrase.S Make it clear when you can begin the job if it isoffered to you.6 The final paragraph of your letter is just asimportant as the first paragraph. It must be politebut it must also give them the impression you arereally interested in the job.7 Explain why you think you would be particularlygood for the job. You can make up any details youlike here.D Writing taskYou see this advertisement and decide to apply:mber it is not necessary to write anys.a formal style. Avoid informale.e three qualities th .. . clren, sports, p e r ~ ... . you think yOll .. e .... Use your imaginatiou1liere. Don't beto exaggerate a little. ..fne of the phrases from:;theletter in B..etotell them somethi' out yourtsituationand wherty uld:beginworking.. :eyour letter in clear paragraphs..t write more than 180 words. .E Follow these notes when you write your letterof application.B Read this letter of application for the job that isadvertised above. Choose the words or phrasesin italics that you think are more formal.24 UNIT 3FOCUS FOUR1234 S1234 S1234 S1234S1234 SDLook at statements a-h below. How certain areyou that these things will happen in yourlifetime? Circle one of the following numbers(1-5) to show how you feel about each statement.1 It definitely will happen.2 It probably will happen.3 It may happen.4 It probably won't happen.S It definitely won't happen.a) You will become a grandparent.b) You will earn a lot of money.c) Many people will live for more thanISOyears. 12 3 4 Sd) There will be a war in your country. 123 4 Se The world will become over-populated. 123 4 Sf) Computers will be able to understandlanguages.g) You will live abroad for more thanten years.h) You will appear on television.CComplete the following conversation. Use onlythe will do formor the is/are doing form; forexample, is the first answer Will you do or Areyou doing?A (You do) anything this weekend?B No, not really.AWell, I (go) to Wales on Friday. Would you like tocome?B Yes, I'd love to. Wait a minute ... did you sayFriday?Let me look at my diary. Oh dear, I'm afraidI (not be able) tocome. I (meet) James at six, and we(go) to a film.ATell him to come too. He(want)to come, (not) he?B Yes, I should think so. Allright, I (give) him a ringand I (tell) you what he says.AOK, if you decide to come, I (pick) you up here onFriday. I (be) here at three. I must go now, I (see) Jillfor lunch and she (not be) pleased if I am late.Now write a few sentences about each statementgiving reasons for the way you feel.Example: I'm bound to become a grandparent,because...... (be) bound to... , because...I'm quite convinced that... will... , because...... probably will... , because...... may well... , because...There's a chance that will... , because...... might... , because .I doubt if. .. will, because .I shouldn't think. .. will , because .I'm quite sure won't , because .I'm convinced won't , because .will do or is/are doing?~ GS 13.3REVISION ANDEXTENSIONBAgain, change the verb in brackets if necessary.1 He (not like) his job, so he(think) about moving.2 I (want) to see the new film by Neil Jordan, as I(hear) it's very good.3 I (love) the roses you sent me, and they (smell)wonderful.4 She (prefer) tea because it (not taste) so bitter.S I (doubt) if they (understand) what you (talk)about.6 It (appear) that the house now (belong) to MrsJohnson.7 I (see) from the report that you (meet) theManager tomorrow.S He (work) very hard at the moment and (deserve)to succeed.9 I (imagine) that she (feel) a bit better now.10 I (measure) the room tosee what size carpet we(need).A The writer of the following letter works in atravel agency. Which formof the verbs inbrackets do you need to complete her letter, thepresent simple (do/does) or the presentprogressive (am/is/are doing)? For example, isthe first answer write or am writing? Noticethat sometimes the verb in brackets does notneed to be changed at all.do/does or am/is/are doing?~ GS 13.1,FOCUS FIVE UNIT 3 25[]4............SPEAKINGAFinding out about each otherAsk your partners: how often they dream. if they dream in colour or in black and white. if they can describe a dream they had recently. if they know the difference between the wordsbelow.dream daydream fantasy nightmareillusion hallucinationBDiscussion1 A successful doctor dreams that he or shesuddenly fallsdown some stairs. What could thisdream mean?2 Some scientists study dreams. Why? What do youthink they are trying to find out?3 Why do we dream? Is there any reason?READINGLate one night more than a hundred years ago, anAmerican inventor ran into a problem that seemedimpossible to solve. He was trying to design a sewingmachine, but he couldn't think of a way to get thethread to run smoothly around the needle.He was exhausted and finally went to bed.However he was so worried that he slept very badly.He had a nightmare in which hedreamt that he hadbeen captured by a tribe of terrible savages. Their kingthreatened to kill and eat him unless he could build aperfect sewing machine. When he tried to do so, heran into the same problem as before. The king was soangry that he ordered his soldiers to kill himimmediately. Suddenly, the inventor noticedsomething. The soldiers were all carrying spears, andin the tip of each one of them, there was a hole thatlooked just like aneye.The inventor woke upand realized that he had justfound the solution to the problem. Instead of trying tomake the thread run around the needle, he shouldmake it run through a small 'eye' or hole in the tip.The inventor's name was Elias Howe, and thissimple idea enabled him todesign and build the firstreally successful sewing machine. He was not theonly famous person tofind solutions to difficultproblems in this way. Thomas Edison, who inventedthe electric light bulb, said that his best ideas came tohim in his dreams. So did Albert Einstein, the greatmathematician and physicist. The novelist CharlotteBronte also got inspiration from her dreams whenwriting Jane Eyre. Igor Stravinsky, the greatcomposer, said that he 'slept' on his problems, andwhen he woke upthey were solved.Few people understand the meaning of dreams. Inorder todo so, you have to understand what happenswhen you sleep. When you areawake, you notice allsorts of things and get lots of ideas without realizingit. When you are asleep, the unconscious part of yourbrain is active and it begins to'digest' thisinformation mentally. Sometimes it is that part of thebrain that notices something important that theconscious part of your brain didn't. The unconsciouspart of your mind, however, has its own logic andlanguage. This is why the strange images in ourdreams are sometimes called 'secret messages toourselves'.26 UNIT 4AChoose the best answer.1What was the inventor's problem?AHe was so tired he couldn't think.BHe wasn't using the right kind of thread.CHe hadn't designed the needle correctly.DThe needle was in the wrong place.2 The idea for the solution came from somethingAthe king said in the dream.Bthe inventor noticed about the soldiers'weapons.Cthe inventor saw after he woke up.Dhe saw in the eyes of one of the soldiers.3 Albert Einstein is mentioned because heAwas a great physicist and mathematician.B got inspiration from Howe and Edison.Calso had strange dreams.Dgot many good ideas from his dreams.4 Dreams are sometimes called' secret messages toourselves' becauseAit is better if other people don't understandthem.B they often tell us important things throughstrange images.Cwe have them when we are asleep and neverunderstand their real meaning.Dour brains notice things other people don't wantus to notice.S What do you think is the general 'message' of thewhole story?AOnly inventors, artists and scientists canunderstand what their dreams are trying to say.BIf you work too hard and too late, you may haveterrible nightmares.C Elias Howe wasn't the only person who solvedproblems when he was asleep.DHowe was the first person we know who solveda problem while he was asleep.BDiscuss the difference in meaning in these pairsof sentences.1 Very few people understand the value of dreams.2 Afew people understand the value of dreams.3 The inventor got very little sleep that night.4 The inventor got a little sleep that night.Which sentences sound more positive, and couldmean 'at least some people' or 'at least a littlesleep'?LANGUAGE STUDYRewrite the second sentence in each pair. Use nomore than five words including the word in bold.Do NOT change this word. An example is given (0).D I don't know many people here atall.few I kl10wverNfew _ people here.1 I don't know many people but atleast I knowsome.few I people here.2 I haven't got much money atall.little I money.3 At least I've got some money -not much.little I money.4 I don't understand many of these words atall.few I these words.5 I didn't understand very much of that story.little I that story.6 The inventor couldn't sleep because hewasworried.so The inventor ~ ~ ~ ~couldn't sleep.7 I fellasleep because the story was boring.so The story fellasleep.8 'I'll kill you if you don't do it,' the king said.unless The king said ' _ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~I'll kill you.'9 'Kill him!' the king shouted at his soldiers.ordered The king him.10 'Please sit down,' the teacher said tothe student.asked The teacherdown.11 Please open your suitcase.mind W o u l d _ ~ __yoursuitcase?12 Don't ask so many questions.stop Please questions.13 I have the impression that something is wrong.seems Something ~ ~ _wrong.14 Do you find it easy to make friends?good Are you friends?15 I didn't go to the party. I studied.instead I tothe party.UNIT 4 27LISTENING c;:]~ .O=C= ------lPeople's dreams also tell you something aboutI 7 I I.The fact that the singer dreamt of having a baby didnot I 5 I I.You have to know a lot about people before you canI 6 I I.If you want to understand dreams, you have tounderstand that a dream neverThe cause of the dream wasB Now listen to the second part. Then completesentences 1-7. Compare your completedsentences with a partner's sentences.Before an important performance, the singer usuallyhad a dream about 1I I I.The baby she gave birth to wasI 2 I I.AYou will hear a radio talk about dreams. Listento the first part. Then answer questions 1-4.Why did the speaker talk to psychiatrists andpsychologists?AShe wanted them to explain her dreams.B She was writing a book about dreams.e She wanted advice about which books toread.2 What was probably the cause of the successfulbusinessman's dreams?A He was afraid he would be poor again.B He had lost a lot of money before he had thedream.e He thought he had seen a wolf somewhere.3 What was strange about the other people in thesecond businessman's dream?AThey sat in a circle, looking down at him.B They were laughing at him because he wasnaked.e They were wearing strange clothes.4 What was the cause of the second businessman'sdream?A He was afraid of losing a lot of money he hadput in a foreign bank.B He was afraid that tax officials already knewtoo much about him.e Hedidn't want the officials to learn more abouthim.I 3 I28 UNIT 4FOCUS TWOa lliil 2&Q "VOCABULARYC Rewrite the second sentence in each pair. Useno more than five words including the word inbold. Do NOT change this word. An example isgiven (0).D 'Can I see you?' Joe said to Tom.asked Joe asked TOfrJ i[jJ!LCou!cL see him.1 'I'm very busy,' Tom said to Joe.told Tom busy.2 'Would you mind coming to my office?' Tom saidto his partner.asked Tom hisoffice.3 'If I were you, Tom, I'd talk to a good lawyer,' thepartner said.advised Tom's partner _ ~ .. agood lawyer.4 'No, I won't talk toa lawyer,' Tom said.refused Tom a lawyer.S 'All right. I'll see you,' Tom said to Joe.agreed Tom Joe.6 'I haven't done anything wrong,' Tom said.denied Tom wrong.7 'I'll tell you the truth,' hesaid to Joe.promised Tom Joe thetruth.8 'Yes, I have a little money in Switzerland,' hesaid.admitted Tom inSwitzerland.B Look at the sentences below. Then say what youthink the speaker actually said.Example: The singer said she often had the samedream before an important performance.~ 'I often have the same dreambefore an importantperformance. 'lOne day Joe, a tax official, phoned Tom, abusinessman, and asked if hecould see him.2 Tom said he was too busy tosee anybody.3 Tom's partner advised Tom to talk to the taxofficial immediately.4 Tom phoned Joe and asked him to come to hisoffice.S Joe thanked Tom for agreeing tosee him.6 Joe asked Tom if hehad any money inSwitzerland.7 Tom denied having any money there.8 He refused todiscuss the matter any further.9 Then he admitted hehad 'forgotten' something. 6 INTERPRET7 SCIENCE8 PRODUCE9 COMPLETE10 ACTUALReporting what people say> GS 12.1 &12.2LANGUAGE STUDYAMatch sentences 1-8 with the actual words thespeaker probably used when he or she said it(a-h).1 He admitted doing it.2 She denied doing it.3 He asked her to do it.4 She promised todo it.S He agreed todo it.6 She refused to do it.7 He advised her todo it.S She told him todo it.a 'I'll do it. You have my word.'b 'I didn't do it. I didn't!'c 'If I were you, I'd do it.'d 'Do it! Now! Don't argue!'e 'Would you mind doing it?'f 'No, I won't!'g 'Yes, I did it. I'm sorry but I had to.'h 'All right, if that's what you want, I'll do it.'Read through this text. Then use the words incapital letters below it to form a word that fits eachspace. An example is given (0).Like all (0) il1[/el1fOr'S ,Elias Howe had sudden'flashesof (1) '. His strange dream is justone example of (2) processes that are stillbeyond our (3) . This is why there is somuch (4) about dreams and what theyreally are. Dreams have no (5) at the timewe havethem. Our (6) of dreams happensafter they areover. Some (7) think thatour dreams are partly the (8) of ourunconscious minds. Our memory of the dream maybe (9) different from the dream we(10) had.aINVENT1 INSPIRE2 PSYCHOLOGY3 UNDERSTAND4 AGREES MEANFOCUS TWOUNIT 4 29USEOFENGLISHRead this text about a dream a young man calledMartin Ellward once had. Most lines of the textcontain an unnecessary word. Underline thesewords and tick any lines that are correct. There aretwo examples (0 and 00).o I still remember this dream very well, even ./00 though I had it since four years ago. I was1 trying to persuade to my girlfriend to get into2 a small aeroplane with me. She didn't want to,3 but finally sheagreedme. I started the engine4 and we took off. I wanted to impress on her, so5 I started doing some divesand other things.6 Then I noticed that the weather had turned into7 bad. Suddenly the engine stopped. I wondered me8 what was wrong. 'What is it happening?' my9 girlfriend asked me.I tried to make her to believe10 that everything wasall right. While that I was11 trying to start the engine again, I realized that12 we had run out of the fuel. Then I looked down13 and suddenly saw that we were very much near14 a mountain. 'This is all your fault,' my girlfriend15 said. Then we were crashed.Read aloud each corrected complete sentence.Example: I still remember this dream very well, eventhough I had it four years ago.SPEAKINGARead what Martin Ellward says.'At the time I had this dream, I was engaged toawoman who had a much better job. She was earningmuch more money than I was and liked eating inexpensive restaurants. I didn't want to tell her butsometimes I was afraid I couldn't afford to pay myshare. Not long after this, webroke off ourengagement.'In pairs or groups discuss what the following thingsin Martin's dream could symbolize.1 the plane2 running out of fuel3 his desire toimpress his girlfriend by doing somedives and rolls4 the mountain5 the crashBFirst discuss with each other what A and Bmight say to each other. Say the actual wordsthey would say. A and B could be Martin and hisgirlfriend, or just two friends of the same sex.Example: A suggests having a meal together thisevening.~ Let's have a meal together this evening.ORWhy don't we have a meal together this evening!1 A suggests going toa new restaurant called'Harry's'.2 Btries to get some information from A about thefoodand the price of a typical meal there.3 A recommends 'Harry's' but admits that it is 'a bitpricey'.4 Bis short of money but doesn't want to admit itand tries to think of an excuse why he or she can'tgo there.CWhat do you think happens after that? What doA and B say to each other?DNow in pairs take the roles of A and B. Decidewhether you are 'boy friend and girl friend' orjust friends of the same sex.30 UNIT 4VOCABULARYPhrasal verbs with take, look and runA Work in pairs. One of you reads aloud anexample (1-9). Your partner repeats only thephrasal verb in the example and then says whatit means, choosing one of the meanings a-ibelow.Example: The plane ran out of fuel.~ run out -to have no more of something1 The inventor ran into a serious problem.2 The driver ran over a cat and killed it.3 Let's run through the instructions once more.4 BMW took over the English car manufacturerRover several years ago.5 This table takes up a lot of room.6 I just can't take in all these phrasal verbs!7 Look the word up in your dictionary.8 The police are looking into the matter.9 Are you looking forward todoing another exerciseon phrasal verbs?a to expect toenjoy somethingb to hit something or someone with a carc to occupyd understand, mentally 'digest'e to investigatef to find information about something in a book orlistg to discuss,repeat, or read something quicklyh to getcontrol over something, by buying it or insome other wayto meet something unexpectedlyB Now complete each sentence, using one of thephrasal verbs.1 Can you really all this information?2 We hearing from you again.3 What is the meaning of dreams? Scientists whohave the question do not agree.4 These books ten shelves. Can't you getrid of a few of them?5 I your number.. in the telephonebook.6 The lorry went out of control and twopeople.7 An American organization may thiscompany.8 They difficulties on board and had toreturn to the port.9 Let's the plan for tomorrow again, just tomake sure everybody knows exactly what todo.LANGUAGE STUDYReview of verb forms~ GS 5.2.3AExplain the difference in meaning in these pairsof sentences.1 In my dream, a man ate a bird. I saw him do it.2 In my dream a man was eating a bird. I saw himdoing it.3 I saw him cut the bird into pieces.4 I saw him cutting the bird into pieces.5 He shot at another bird. I saw him do that,too.6 He was shooting at another bird. I saw him doingit. Which sentences suggest most clearly that yousaw a complete action from beginning toend? Which sentences could mean that you perhaps sawonly part of an action and not the action frombeginning toend? Which sentence could mean that the man didthesame thing more than once?B Complete the sentences below with the correctform of the verbs in brackets.Example: Last night I (sleep) very badly.~ Last night I slept very badly.Last night I (1 have) a very strange dream. In thisdream, I was in a restaurant. I (2 sit)alone and (3 read)a book. Suddenly I (4 look) up and (5 see) a man(6 stare) at me. I (7 look) around and (8 see) a lot ofother people (9 sit) at tables near him. They (10 laugh)and (11 smile) about something. The waiter (12 come)over tome. He (13 begin) tosmile. I (14 ask) him whyhe (15 smile). The other people (16 begin) tolaugheven louder. The waiter (17 point) to my legs. Then I(18understand) why everybody (19laugh). I (20 notwear) any trousers.One person in each pair or group should now readaloud his or her completed exercise. Can yourpartner or partners findany mistakes in yourversion?UNIT 4 31WRITINGStory 1In Part 2 of Paper 2 you may be asked to write a story.Often, you are given the first sentence and asked tocontinue the story. You may want to use direct andreported speech, but be careful not to use dialoguethroughout.ASample taskYou have been asked to write a short story for a classcompetition. Begin your story with these words:It was nearly midnight when the doorbell rang.Write your story in120-180 words.B Read the following story and answer thesequestions.What do you notice about the punctuation andlayout of direct speech? Find three things to say.2 What do younotice about the tenses in reportedspeech?3 How many words can you find in the story thatrefer to ways of talking (for example, say)?It was nearly midnight when the doorbellrang. I opened the door and saw a girl with amotorbike helmet. She was covered in blood.'Oh, no,' I said.'What has happened?''Please help me,' the girl said weakly.'There's been an accident. My boyfriend isoutside.'I helped her to a chair. She was bleeding a lot.'I'll call an ambulance,' I said.I ran to the sitting room and phoned for anambulance. Then I ran back to the girl. But shehad disappeared. I went outside, but there wasno sign of her or the motorbike in the silentstreet.When the ambulance arrived, I explainedwhat had happened. The driver went pale. Hesaid that exactly ten years ago, his daughterand her boyfriend had had a motorbike crash.He went on to say that the boy had been killedinstantly. Hisdaughter had gone to ask for helpin the house I was now living in, but she haddied a few minutes later.The ambulance left. As I stood in the hall, Inoticed there was no longer any blood on thechair where the girl had been sitting.C Change the underlined parts of the story intodirect speech.Example: The driver said 'Exactly tenyears ago, ...DWriting taskYou have been asked to write a short story for aschool competition. Your story must begin with thesewords:I waswoken inthe night by a noise downstairs.Write your story in 120-180 words.E Plan what you are going tosay in the story.Think about the following questions:Was anyone else in the house at the time? What timewas it? What sort of noise wasit? What or who didyou think it might be? Did you think about goingdownstairs yourself? Did you phone for help? Wherewas the phone?Who decided to go downstairs to have a look?Who/What did they find? What were they doing? Howhad they got in? What (if anything) did they say? Whathappened in the end?F When you have decided what the story will beabout, add a few details to the following plan.1 Setting the sceneWoke up, heard a noise... crept to Mum and Dad'sroom.2 Deciding what to do3 What happened next4 What they said5 EndingGTry and use some direct and reported speech inyour story. For example, you could relate yourfirst conversation with the other people in thehouse (your mother or father) in direct speech,and the conversation with the intruder or policein reported speech.HRemember the following points about thepunctuation and layout of direct speech.1 Start a new paragraph every time the speakerchanges.2 Use opening and closing inverted commas fordirect speech.3 If the speech is broken by he said/he repliedetc., then a comma is put before the closinginverted commas, for example 'Come in,' hesaid.32 UNIT 4Readthis text. Then choose the best word, A, B, Cor D, to fill spaces 1-15.Operation StargateOperation Stargate was the name of a secret spyingoperation that was run by the Pentagon in the UnitedStates for over 20 years. The aim of the operation wasto (1) the possibility of using mind readers,clairvoyants and astrologers to help with spyingoperations.The Pentagon (2) six of these psychicpeople, and the experiments were held at a secretmilitary base in Maryland. Put in special rooms, thepsychics were asked to concentrate on particularspying operations. By using a technique called'remote viewing', they were asked to(3) _solutions to specific problems.Theteam had a limited number of successes. Theywere able to give (4) of the layout of thebuilding where American diplomats were heldhostage in 1979, and on another occasion they(5) Customs officials by describing exactlywhere a drugdealer could be found. When a USdiplomat was kidnapped in Italy, they described thetown he was in and in (6) said exactly whatthe building looked like.(7) , they had many more failures thansuccesses. In the end, the government ordered theCIAto (8) the mission. The team was thenexamined by a group of experts, who were not(9) by the results. They decided that(10) the psychics had been right a(11) times, this had probably just happenedby (12) . At other times, they were probablyrepeating information that they had (13) innewspapers. The military authorities now have the(14) task of explaining to (15) thatthey wasted $20 million onthe project.1 Alook through C look upB look down on D look into2 Aemployee C employedB employer D employment3 Acome upagainst C come acrossB come up with D come into4 Adescription C planB definition D details5 Aassisted C supervisedB employed D conducted6 Aalso C additionB more D else7 ABut C AlthoughB Yet DHowever8 Atake over C take afterB take up D take inREVISION AN EXTENSION9 A impressive C impressedB impressing Dimpression10 A despite C inspite ofB although D besides11 A little C fewB some Dnumber12 A chance C occasionB possibility D opportunity13 A come into C come acrossB come round D come up against14 A embarrassed C embarrassmentB embarrassing D embarrass15 A critical C criticismB criticize D criticsLISTENING ~Listen to the interview with a psychologist whostudies dreams. Then choose the best answer, A, Bor C.1 Directed dreamers are people whoAwake up in the middle of a dream.B remember what they have dreamt.C can control what they are dreaming.2 Dr Border is trying tofind out if people canAdream the same dream regularly.B meet each other in their dreams.C talk in their sleep.3 The experiment required the three people toA dream about a particular situation.B go to a river.C sleep in the same room.4 The interviewer found it interesting thatAthe woman had only dreamt about one of themen.B neither of the men dreamt that they met thewoman.C all the dreamers had the same dream.UNIT 4 33NEIGHBOURSSPEAKINGB Talking about yourselfDo these tasks in pairs or groups. Describe your own home. How many rooms arethere? Who else lives there with you? Describe your 'ideal home'.READINGAlison closed the door of her small flat and put downher briefcase. It had been another exhausting day atthe travel agency where she worked, and she waslooking forward to being alone. There was aninteresting programme she wanted to watch ontelevision later in the evening. She had just startedpreparing her dinner when there was a knock at herdoor.'Oh, no! Who on earth could that be?' shemuttered. She went to the door and looked throughthe 'spy hole'. A man of about sixty was standingthere. It took her a few seconds to realize who he was.He lived in the flat below. They had passed on thestairs once or twice and had exchanged the usualgreetings. He had a long, thin face with two largefront teeth that made him look like a rabbit.'Sorry to bother you, but ... uh... there's somethingI'd like to ... er. .. talk to you about/ he mumbledwhen she opened the door. Alison hesitated but thenasked him to come in. Then she noticed the dog.Alison detested dogs, particularly big ones. This onewas a very old and very fat bulldog.The man went into her small living room and satdown on the sofa. The dog followed him and climbedJiI!IA Talking on your ownWork in pairs as Student A and B. Try to speak forabout one minute.Student A: Describe and compare the places in bothpictures. Say what time of day it is andwhat you could hear if you were there.Student B: Describe and compare the buildings inboth pictures. Say what kind of peopleyou think live in them and which placeyou would prefer to live in.34 UNIT 5FOCUS ONEup on the sofa next to him. Its mouth was open and itwas breathing heavily. Alison saw several drops of thedog's saliva fall on the light green material thatcovered the sofa.'Do you mind if I smoke?' the man asked. Withoutwaiting for an answer, he lit a cigarette.'You must be wondering why I've come. Well, Ihope you won't be offended, but ... ' He stoppedsuddenly and coughed. His face went very red.Another cough exploded from somewhere very deepinside him. He pulled a dirty, grey handkerchief out ofhis pocket and spat into it. Some ashes from hiscigarette fell on the floor. He looked around the room.Alison glanced at her watch. The man seemed to haveforgotten what he wanted to say.'Nice place you've got here,' he said at last.AChoose the best answer.How do you think Alison felt when she heard theknock at her door?AafraidBirritatedepleasedDcurious2 Who was the man at the door?ASomeone she worked with.BA friend who needed advice.eA complete stranger.DA neighbour she hardly knew.3 What do you think Alison said toherself when shesaw thedog?A'I wish he hadn't brought that dog in here.'B'Oh, what a nice dog.'e'I wonder what's wrong with the poor thing.'D'I like some dogs but not this one.'4 Why did the man want to talk to Alison?AHe had forgotten totell her something.BHe wanted to tell her how nice her flat was.eThetext doesn't tell us. ~DHe wanted to apologize for offending her.S What do you think was Alison's general impressionof the man after he came in?AShe had no feelings about him at all.BShe thought he was very interesting.e She liked him but not his dog.DHe had some very annoying habits.BDiscuss these questions.1 What do you think is probably a typical day inAlison's life?2 Now try to describe a typical day in the man's life,too.3 What are some possible reasons for the manwanting to talk to her?4 Why do people sometimes get annoyed with theirneighbours? Describe two or three typical reasons.LANGUAGE STUDYWays of asking for permissionAThe following examples are all ways of askingfor permission. What are the differencesbetween them?a) Do you mind if I smoke?b) May I smoke here?c) You don't mind if I smoke, do you?d) Is smoking permitted here?e) Is it okay to smoke here?Which example seems to be1 something you can say about official regulations?2 what people say when they think it is all right tosmoke?3 very polite -the kind of thing you say when youdon't know the other person very well?4 not very formal but still polite?S very informal?B Rewrite the second sentence in each pair. Useno more than five words including the word inbold. Do NOT change this word.1 I'm sure it's all right if I open the window.mind You don't thewindow, do you?2 Do regulations allow people to park here?permitted Is here?3 May I close the window?mind Do you thewindow?4 Don't worry. You can park here.okay I'm sure here.S Will you permit me to use your dictionary?mind I hope you yourdictionary?6 Selling drugs is against the law here.permitted The sale ~here.7 Are you sure singing is permitted inthis place?okay Do you know if _here?8 I hope it's all right todo this.mind You don't , doyou?9 Is it all right if I turn on the radio?may Excuse me, but _the radio?10 Can I ask you something?mind Do you _something?FOCUS ONEUNIT 5 35LISTENING c;:)SPEAKINGThe man who visited Alison wrote this letter to hertwo weeks later. Look at each line carefully. Mostlines contain an unnecessary word. Underlinethese words and tick any lines that are correct.There are two examples (0 and 00).In groups, discuss each mistake. Then correct thesentence in which each mistake occurs. Afterwardsyour teacher will ask some of you to readaloudyour corrected version.I Your neighbour's dog often barks all night long.2 You are having a party tomorrow evening in yournew flat. You want to develop good relations withyour neighbours.3 You have quickly parked your car outside a friend'shouse in order to give the friend some importantnews. You have just begun telling your friend thenews when you hear someone shouting outside.'Whose car is this? It's blocking my driveway and Ican't get my car out!'USE OF ENGLISHo I hope you remember of my conversation with00 you two weeks ago when I told you about the ./1 disturbance that which your music has caused.2 When we had spoke, you agreed to turn your3 music down so as that it would not disturb my4 dog, Bruno. Unfortunately, this has not been5 happened. Several evenings later, I could heard6 music again coming from your flat. Although7 Bruno was very disturbed by it, I decided I8 would not complain, hoping that it would not9 still happen again. However, since then there10 have been two more times there that this has11 happened. Both times Bruno was very disturbed.12 I hope you will agree that not only we humans13 but also the dogs have certain rights. Please14 remember that if you will do this again, I will15 inform to the police about this disturbance.In pairs or groups suggest first what you would doand then what you would actually say in thefollowing situations.Example: One of your neighbours plays very loudmusic late at night.~ I think I would probably complain. I would say'Please stop playing that music so loud. It disturbsme.'B Listen a second time. Then answer thesequestions, too.I Look at question 2 again. What exactly is it thatthe speaker is complaining about?2 Look at question 3 again. What exactly does thespeaker say when making the promise?3 Look at question 4 again. What are the words thespeaker uses that tell you the speaker isapologizing?4 Look at question 5 again. What is the particularkind of music in the question?5 Look at question 6 again. What kind of popularmusic does one of the characters enjoy?VOCABULARYWhich is the word in each group that does notbelong? Explain why it does not belong with theother three words.I offend embarrass amuse upset2 offended bored annoyed insulted3 embarrassed self-conscious ashamedconfident4 apologize complain protest object5 disturb bother dislike annoyThe answer to the first question (0) is given as anexample.D Who apologizes for not knowing theother's name?I Who stops doing something theother speaker doesn't like?2 Who complains about somethingthe other speaker often does?3 Who promises to do somethingabout a problem?4 Who apologizes for sayingsomething?5 Who dislikes a particularkind of music?6 Who seems to enjoy a particularkind of popular music?A Youwill hear the conversation between Alisonand the man. Answer the six questions below bywritingW (for Alison, the woman)M (for the man)D (for the dog)36 UNIT 5FOCUSTWOLANGUAGE STUDYAskingand telling people not to do thingsARepeat these examples. Then answer thequestions about them.a) Put that cigarette out!hi Excuse me but would you mind not smoking here?c] No smoking!d) Smoking is strictly forbidden.el I'm sorry but you can't smoke here.I) Don't smoke here.gj Thank you for not smoking.Which three are often seen in written notices orsigns?2Which of these three written notices do you thinkis the most polite?3 Which of the other examples do you think arepolite ways of asking someone notto smoke?4 Which example or examples sound more likeorders or commands?Reporting questions, polite requests