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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
New Syllabus for Post Graduate Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany
(w.e.f. the academic session 2017 – 2018)
Includes Interdisciplinary Courses (IDC) as part of Choice
Based Credit System (CBCS)
Department of Botany Raiganj University
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
Raiganj University New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany
Duration: 2 years (Four Semesters); Total Marks -1600; Total Credit - 128
Semester I Course/Paper Name of the Course
Marks Credit
Hours Class Test Final Total CT L Total
Theoretical
SI-BOT-1/T Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants
20 55 75 6 3 57 60
SI-BOT-2/T Mycology and Plant Pathology 20 55 75 6 3 57 60 SI-BOT-3/T Cytology and Genetics 20 55 75 6 3 57 60 SI-BOT-IDC1 Inter Disciplinary Course (IDC)-I* 30 70 100 8 5 75 80
Practical
SI-BOT-4/P Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants
25 2 55
SI-BOT-5/P Mycology and Plant pathology 25 2 55 SI-BOT-6/P Cytology and Genetics 25 2 55
Tutorials – 55 hours Total – 480 hours
Semester II
Course/Paper Name of the Course
Marks Credit
Hours Class Test Final Total CT L Total
Theoretical SII-BOT-1/T Plant Physiology and Metabolism 20 55 75 6 3 57 60
SII-BOT-2/T Taxonomy of Angiosperms and Plant Developmental Biology
20 55 75 6 3 57 60
SII-BOT-3/T Microbiology 20 55 75 6 3 57 60 SII-BOT-IDC2 Inter Disciplinary Course (IDC)-II* 30 70 100 8 5 75 80
Practical SII-BOT-4/P Plant Physiology and Metabolism 25 2 55
SII-BOT-5/P Taxonomy of Angiosperms and Plant Developmental Biology
25 2 55
SII-BOT-6/P Microbiology 25 2 55
Tutorials – 55 hours Total – 480 hours
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
Semester III Course/ Paper Name of the Course
Marks Credit
Hours Class Test Final Total CT L Total
Theoretical
SIII-BOT-1/T
Biology and Diversity of Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Palaeobotany and Palynology
20 55 75 6 3 57 60
SIII-BOT-2/T Ecology, Evolution and Plant resource utilization 20 55 75 6 3 57 60
SIII-BOT-3/T Bioinformatics and Biostatistics 20 55 75 6 3 57 60 Practical
SIII-BOT-4/P
Biology and Diversity of Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Palaeobotany and Palynology.
25 2 55
SIII-BOT-5/P Ecology, Evolution and Plant resource utilization
25 2 55
SIII-BOT-6/P Bioinformatics and Biostatistics 25 2 55 Continuing Evaluation SIII-BOT-7/S Seminar 50 4 40 SIII-BOT-8/G Group Discussion 50 4 40
Tutorials – 55 hours Total – 480 hours
Semester IV Course/ Paper Name of the Course
Marks Credit
Hours Class Test Final Total CT L Total
Theoretical
SIV-BOT-1/T Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
20 55 75 6 3 57 60
SIV-BOT-2/ET Special/Elective - Paper – I** 20 55 75 6 3 57 60
SIV-BOT-3/ET Special/Elective - Paper – II** 20 55 75 6 3 57 60 Practical
SIV-BOT-4/P Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
25 2 55
SIV-BOT-5/EP Corresponding to both the Special papers*
50 4 100
Continuing Evaluation SIV-BOT-6/DR Project Work/Dissertation/Review 100 8 90
Tutorials – 55 hours Total – 480 hours
*IDC-I and IDC-II mentioned here are to be pursued by students other than M. Sc. in Botany. Students of M. Sc. Botany will pursue IDCs in other PG Department(s) and it will be a 08+08=16 credit course spread over two semesters (Semester-I & II).
**Special/Elective Course (any one to be selected; each course contains two theory and one practical paper): 1. Cytogenetics, 2. Microbiology, 3. Mycology and Plant Pathology, 4. Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 5. Taxonomy of Angiosperms and Biosystematics
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
Semester‐I(SI)PaperSI‐BOT‐1/T‐BiochemistryandMolecularBiologyofplants
(Theory)
1. Carbohydrates:Structureandfunction;Plantstoragecarbohydrates;Cellwall‐structure&function;Glycoproteins&proteoglycans;sugarcode.
2. Lipids and membranes: Structure and function; types and function ofmembranelipids.
3. Lipidmetabolism:Fattyacidbiosynthesisandbreakdown;Synthesisofstorageandmembranelipids.
4. Proteins:Aminoacidcomponentsandstructural features;Primary, secondary,tertiary, quarternaryand supra‐molecular structuresdomains,motif and folds;Non‐covalentinteractionsinrelationtostructuralconformation;Ramachandranplots.
5. MembraneTransport:Membrane transport proteins; Primary and secondaryactive transport; Kinetic analysis of transportmechanisms; Membrane H+ andNa+‐K+ATPase.Importinsandexportins.
6. Aminoacidbiosynthesis:α‐KetoglutarateandOxaloacetatefamilies.7. Nucleic acids: Composition, three dimensional structures; helix (A, B, Z),
differentformsofRNA;DNAreplication;Nucleicacidbiosynthesis.8. Enzymology:Generalcatalyticproperties;Enzymekinetics‐Michaelis–Menten
andLineweaverBurkeplots;NegativeandPositiveco‐operativity;Regulationofenzymes;Allostericenzymes;Isozymes;Roleofcoenzymesandcofactors.
9. Cellsignaling:Signalingmoleculesandtheirreceptors,functionsofcellsurfacereceptors(G‐proteincoupledreceptor,receptorPTK,cytokineandnon‐receptorPTK), second messengers. Cell interactions: Cellular adhesions, junctionalproteinsandreceptors.
10. DNAhybridization&sequencing:Generationofradio‐labeledprobeandblottingtechniques; Southern and Northern hybridization; DNA Sequencing methods;Polymerasechainreaction:Principles&methods.
PaperSI‐BOT‐2/T‐MycologyandPlantPathology(Theory)
MYCOLOGY
1. IntroductiontoMycology:Generalprinciplesofclassificationoffungi,MajorGroupsofFungi;Fungalreproduction,Sporeforms,FungalPhylogenyandEvolution,fungalphysiology,nutrition,andgrowth.
2. Ultrastructureoffungalcellandcomposition3. GeneticsandCellcycleinyeast4. Appliedmycology:Overview;Fungiinfermentationtechnology;mycorrhizain
agriculture;Bioremediation;5. Cultivationofediblemushroom:Pleurotussp,andAgaricussp6. Lichens:Thallusstructure,reproductionandeconomicimportance.
PLANTPATHOLOGY7. PrinciplesofPlantPathology.
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
8. Hostpathogeninteractions:Mechanismofpenetrationandtheprocessofdiseasedevelopment.
9. Modeofinfectionandroleofenzymesandtoxinsinplantdisease.10. Plant defense mechanism: Preexisting structural and induced structural and
chemicaldefense11. Structuralandchemicaldecayofwoodbywooddecayingmicroorganisms12. MajorFungal,Bacterial,ViralandNematodediseasesofCropPlants.13. Molecularmethodsfordetectionofplantpathogens14. Methodsofplantdiseasecontrol15. Epidemiologyofplantdiseases
PaperSI‐BOT‐3/T‐CytologyandGenetics(Theory)
1. Chromosome structure and packaging of DNA; Euchromatin and
heterochromatin; Karyotype analysis and evolution; specialized type ofchromosomes;Molecularbasisofchromosomepairing.
2. Cellularorganelles:ultrastructure,functionandtheirevolution.3. Molecular mechanism of recombination; Plasmids, IS elements; Transposons
and retro‐elements; Sex‐linked, sex‐limited and sex‐influenced traits; Sexdetermination; Sex differentiation; Dosage compensation and geneticimprinting;Maternaleffectsandcytoplasmicinheritance.
4. Mutationatmorphological,biochemicalandmolecularlevel;modificationandrepairofDNA;RepetitiveanduniqueDNAsequences.
5. Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; RNA processing; RNA editing;Regulationofgeneexpression;Operoncircuits.
6. Thegeneticcodeanditsevolution;Translationinprokaryotesandeukaryotes. 7. PopulationGenetics‐populations,genepool,genefrequency;Hardy‐Weinberg
Law;conceptsandrateofchangeingenefrequencythroughnaturalselection,migration and random genetic drift; molecular clock and phylogeneticevolution.
8. DNA fingerprinting; RAPD, RFLP, AFLP; genetic, cytogenetics and physicalmapping using molecular markers; Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)andGenomicinsituhybridization(GISH)andtheirimplications.
9. Genomics; The Human genome project and its importance; Functional andcomparativegenomics.
10. Principles of Plant breeding; conventionalmethods of breeding self and cross‐pollinatedplants;PolyploidyandEvolutionofmajorcropplantswheat, cotton,rice;pre‐breedingforcropimprovement;greenrevolutionandricebreeding.
PaperSI‐BOT‐4/P‐BiochemistryandMolecularBiologyofplants
(Practical)
1. Preparationofbuffers,solutionsanddilutions.2. Extractionof proteins fromplantmaterials andestimationbyLowry'smethod
usingBSAstandardcurve.3. Extraction of carbohydrates from plant materials and estimation of reducing
sugarsbySomogyi‐Nelsonmethod.4. Determinationofacidvalueoffat.
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
5. Extraction of plant phenolics and estimation of total phenols andO‐dihydroxyphenols.
6. Separationofaminoacidmixturebythinlayerchromatography.7. SDS‐PAGEanalysisofproteins8. IsolationofplantgenomicDNA,estimationbyUVspectroscopy.9. Isolation of plant total RNA, estimation by UV spectroscopy and gel
electrophoresis.
PaperSI‐BOT‐5/P‐MycologyandPlantPathology(Practical)
1. Sterilizationandincubation‐principlesandusesofinstruments.2. Culturemediaandtheirpreparation.3. Preparationofstabs,slantsandpouringofplates.4. Isolationoffungifromwater/soil/airbycultureplatetechnique.5. Isolationofpathogenfromdiseasedtissues.6. Preparationofpurecultureandsubculturing.7. Inoculationoftuberandfruit.8. Morphologicalandreproductivestructureofsomemacroandmicrofungi.9. Symptomologyandhistopathologyofsomecommondiseaseswithdiagnostic
characteristics.10. IsolationoffungalDNAandPCRbasedanalysis.11. Fungaltissue‐culture;PreparationofspawnandcultivationofPleurotus.12. Identificationofspecimensfromfieldtrip.
PaperSI‐BOT‐6/P‐CytologyandGenetics(Practical)
1. Orcein and Feulgen staining of metaphase plates; Preparation of karyotype and
idiogramwithanalysis.2. Linear differentiation of chromosomes through G‐banding, C‐banding and Q‐
banding3. Induction of polyploidy using colchicine; different methods of application of
colchicines4. StudyofMeiosisinAllium,Tradescantia,Petunia,andotherplants.5. Studyofchromosomalaberrationswithchemicalmutagentreatments.
Semester‐II(SII)
PaperSII‐BOT‐1/T‐PlantPhysiologyandMetabolism(Theory)
1. TransportandtranslocationofwaterandsolutesPropertiesandmovementof
water molecules; Water balance of the plant; Water transport through xylem;Mechanismof loadingandunloadingof photoassimilates and translocation in thephloem
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
2. Sensory Photobiology: Structure, function and mechanisms of action ofphytochromes,cryptochromesandphototropins;Photophysiologyoflightinducedresponses;Stomatalmovement;photoperiodismandbiologicalclocks
3. Plantgrowthregulatorsandelicitors:Physiologicaleffects,mechanismofactionand signal transduction of auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene and abscisicacid;BiologicalactionofBrassinosteroidsandpeptidehormones.
4. Physiologyofplantdevelopmentandflowering:Embryogenesis‐apical‐basal&radial patterning; Developmental control of root and shoot apical meristem; leafdevelopmentand;Endogenousclockanditsregulation;ConceptofFlorigen;Geneticandmolecularanalysisoffloralinductionanddevelopment.
5. StressPhysiology:Conceptoftoleranceandacclimation;Plantresponsestobiotic(pathogen and insects) and abiotic water deficit, salinity, metal toxicity, freezingandheatstress;Mechanismofoxidativestressandabioticstresstolerance
6. Secondarymetabolites:Characteristic featuresofsecondarymetabolitesofplantorigin;Basicmetabolicpathwaysandoriginofsecondarymetabolites;biosynthesisand biological significance of terpenes, phenolics and nitrogen‐containingcompounds.
7. Photochemistryandphotosynthesis:Generalconcepts;photosyntheticpigmentsandlightharvestingcomplexes;photo‐oxidationofwater;mechanismsofelectronandprotontransport;Benson‐Calvincycle;CO2concentratingmechanisms
8. Respiration: Overview of plant respiration; Glycolysis; TCA cycle, ElectronTransportsystemsandATPsynthesis;PhotorespirationAlternativeoxidasesystem.
PaperSII‐BOT‐2/T‐TaxonomyofAngiosperms(Theory)
1. Nomenclature‐differentmethods.SourcesofNames2. Concept of ICBN and ICN; brief knowledge of nomenclatural types as per
Melbourne‐ICN(2012);MajorRules:(a)Typeconcept;(b)Principleofpriority;(c)Valid publication; (d) Starting points ofNomenclature, and (e) Limitations to theprincipleofpriority
3. Evolutionofcharactersanddifferentiationofspecies4. Taxonomic Data Sources: (a) Anatomy, (b) Cytology, (c) Embryology, (d)
Palynology,(e)Phytochemistry,(f)GenomeAnalysis,(g)Nucleicacidhybridization5. TaxonomicTools:Herbaria,Floras,Serological&MolecularTechniques6. BotanicGardens ‐ importance,examplesandacronyms.Processingofherbarium
specimens7. Taxonomichierarchy 8. History of Plant Classification, Phenetic versus phylogenetic systems, cladistics;
CurrentsystemsofClassifications;broadoutlineofAPG‐III(2009)includingitsmeritsanddemerits.
9. Taxonomicliteratureandartificialkeys10. Salient features, Floral range and phylogenetic importance of the following
families:11. Dicots‐ Amborellaceae, Annonaceae, Papilionaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Apocynaceae,
Lamiaceae,Droseraceae,Nepenthaceae,Rubiaceae,Ericaceae,Asteraceae,Dipsacaceae.12. Monocots‐ Alismataceae, Potamogetonaceae, Zingiberaceae, Commelinaceae,
Orchidaceae,Poaceae,Iridaceae,Juncaceae. 13. Biodiversity ‐ importance and preservation; Conservation Hotspots, IUCN guide
lines;invasions&introductions,endemism
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
14. NumericalTaxonomy:Aimsandobjectives, characters and attributes,OTUs. Codingclusteranalyses,meritsanddemerits.
15. DNAbar‐codingforidentificationofplants.
PaperSII‐BOT‐3/T‐Microbiology(Theory)1. Diversity: Phototrophic bacteria; Chemolithotrophic bacteria; Spirochetes;
Rickettsias;Chlamydias;Mycoplasmas;MyxobacteriaandArchaea.
2. Taxonomy:Classification and survey ofmicroorganisms;Microbial phylogeny asrevealed by rRNA sequencing Nomenclature; Species concept; Criteria forclassification;Bergey’sManual
3. Functionalanatomyofcells:Cellsurfaces(glycocalyx,cellwall, flagellaandpili)and their role; Plasma membrane (bacterial and archaeal) and transport acrossthem;Survivalthroughtheproductionofsporesandcysts
4. Metabolism: Photosynthesis (anoxygenic and oxygenic); Chemosynthesis;Fermentation(alcoholic,Entner‐Doudoroffpathway;lacticacid–homoandhetero,propionicacid,mixedacid,butanediolandbutanol;Sticklandreaction);Respiration(anaerobicandaerobic),NitrogenmetabolismandBiologicalnitrogenfixation
5. Growth:Measurementsof growth;Growth cycleofpopulations;Generation time;Continuous culture; Synchronized growth; Diauxy; Growth on solid media;Environmentalfactorsinfluencinggrowth
6. Genetics:Storageandexpressionofgeneticinformation(prokaryoticchromosome,plasmidand ribosome);Replicationofprokaryotic chromosomes;Molecularbasisof mutation; Isolation of mutants; Gene transfer mechanisms (transformation,transduction and conjugation); Regulatory mechanisms in bacteria‐ induction,repression, feedback inhibition, catabolite repression and attenuation; Vitaloperons
7. MedicalMicrobiology:Pathogenicpropertiesofbacteria:toxinsandextracellularenzymes; brief account of major human disease and their bacterial pathogens.Principles of chemotherapy, general account of chemotherapeutic agents, sulfadrugsandantibiotics.
8. Fundamentals of Immunology: History of immunology, innate and acquiredimmunity, humoral and cell mediated immunity, organ and cells involved inimmunity, T cells and B cells; antigens: characteristics and types, adjuvants.Immunoglobins:types,structureandproperties.
9. Viruses and acellular microbes: Nomenclature and classification, distinctivepropertiesofvirus,morphologyandultrastructure,capsidandtheirarrangements,typesofenvelopesandtheircomposition,viralgenome,theirtypesandstructure,virusrelatedagents(viriodsandprions).Viralreplication:lyticandlysogenic.
PaperSII‐BOT‐4/P‐PlantPhysiologyandMetabolism(Practical)
1. Determination of amylase activity of monocot seeds in different stages of
germination.2. Assayofcatalaseofseedlingsgrowingindifferentenvironment.
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
3. Studyofmobilizationofstarchduringseedgerminationbyamylases.4. Determinationoftotalacidityofcellsap.5. Effectofkinetinoncotyledonenlargement.6. Effectofdifferentsolutesandtemperatureonmembranepermeability.7. Effectofsolutesontheresponseofmembranestodifferentchemicals.8. Preparationofstandardcurveandestimationofprotein9. Preparationofstandardcurveandestimationofaminoacids10. DeterminationofHillactivitybyisolatedchloroplasts11. Extractionofchloroplastpigmentsandquantitativeestimation.
PaperSII‐BOT‐5/P‐TaxonomyofAngiosperms(Practical) 1. Workout of plant specimens and description of vegetative and reproductive
charactersfromrepresentativefamilieslocallyavailable.2. Traininginusinglocalflorasandotherliteratureandherbariaforidentificationof
specimensdescribedintheclasses.3. Studyofvarioustaxaofagenus,locationofkeycharactersandpreparationofkeys
atspecieslevel.4. Fieldexcursionforfamiliarizationwithandstudyofvegetationtype(s)andflora(s)
of different areas in and outside the state, and in the local areas, and training incollectionandpreservationmethodologies.
PaperSII‐BOT‐6/P‐Microbiology(Practical)
1. Differential Staining (Gram and endospore) and study of morphology of
prokaryoticcells.2. Isolationofbacteriausingstreak‐plate,pour‐plateandspread‐platetechniques.3. Evaluation of disinfectants (phenol coefficient) as a measure of controlling
microbialgrowth.4. Isolationandenumerationofviablemicroorganisms fromsoilbyserialdilution‐
agarplatemethod;isolationandstudyofrhizobiafromrootnodules.5. Studyofbacterialgrowthusingturbidimetricmethod.6. Measurementofwetweightanddryweightofbacterialcellsduringgrowth.7. Determination of quality of milk using Breed’s and methylene blue reduction
methods.8. Antibioticssensitivitytestusingpaperdiscmethod.9. Determinationoftheinfluenceoftemperature,pH,osmoticpressureandaeration
onmicrobialgrowth.
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
Semester—III(SIII)PaperSIII‐BOT‐1/T‐Phycology,Bryology,Pteridology,Gymnology,
PaleobotanyandPalynology(Theory) Phycology1. Algaeindiversifiedhabitats:Terrestrial,freshwaterandmarine 2. Thallusorganization,3. Cellultrastructure 4. Reproduction 5. Criteriaforclassification:Pigments,Reservefoodsandflagella 6. Salientfeaturesofmajorgroups:Cyanophyta,Prochlorophyta,Chlorophyta,
Bacillariophyta,PhaeophytaandRhodophyta.7. Economicimportance:Algalblooms,Algalbiofertilizers,Algaeasfood,
feedandusesinindustry
Bryology1. Salientfeaturesofmajorgroups 2. Sporegerminationinliverwortsandmosses 3. Alternativepathwaysinlifecyclesofbryophytes4. Bryophytesasindicatorsofpollution5. Usefulchemicalconstituents6. Fossilbryophytesasindicatorsofpastenvironmentandpastplant
communitiesPteridology1. Basicadaptationonland 2. Salientfeaturesofmajorgroups 3. Originandevolutionofpteridophyta 4. Stelarevolutioninpteridophyta 5. Telometheoryandoriginofmegaphyll 6. Eusporangiateandleptosporangiateferns 7. Usefulchemicalconstituents8. EconomicimportanceGymnology1. Classificationandsalientfeaturesofmajortaxa 2. Originandevolutionofgymnosperms 3. Distributionthroughdifferentera 4. DistributioninIndia:FossilandlivingPalaeobotany1.Sedimentaryrocks;Stratigraphy;GeologicalTimeScale;Basicconceptsofcontinental
driftandplatetectonics2.Taphonomy3.Coal,petroleum–originanddepositionalenvironmentcoalandpetroliferousbasinsof
India4.Reconstructionoffossilplants 5.Datingoffossils
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
6.Colonizationofland;emergenceofseedplants;appearanceofangiosperms7.Fundamentalsofpalaeogeograpgy,palaeoecologyandpalaeoclimatology
Palynology1.Branchesofpalynology2.Spore,pre‐pollenandpollenmorphology,3.Wallchemistry,exineornamentation4.Evolutionofaperturetypes5.ApplicationofneopalynologyandpalaeopalynologyPaperSIII‐BOT‐2/T‐Ecology,EvolutionandPlantresourceutilization
(Theory)Evolution:1. Originofcellsandunicellularevolution‐originofbasicbiologicalmolecules;concept
ofOparinandHaldane;Miller’sexperiment(1953);evolutionofprokaryotes;originofeukaryoticcellsandevolutionofunicellulareukaryotes.
2. Theories of organic evolution: Lamarck;Darwin–concepts of variation, adaptation,struggle, fitness and natural selection; Mendelism; Spontaneity of mutations; theevolutionarysynthesis.
3. Molecular evolution; Concepts of neutral evolution; Molecular divergence andmolecular clocks; origin of new genes and proteins; gene duplication anddivergence.
4. Adaptive radiation; isolating mechanisms; Speciation; Allopatricity andSympatricity;Convergentevolution;Sexualselection;Co‐evolution.
Ecology:1. Concept and dynamics or ecosystem, components, food chain and energy flow,
ecological pyramids; productivity and biogeochemical cycles; Different types ofecosystems (grassland and Savannas, shrubland and deserts, Tundra and taiga,Temparateforests,Tropicalforests,Lakesandponds,freshwaterwetlands,Streamsandrivers,Oceans,Estuarineandmangrove)
2. Population ecology (Basic characteristics with examples, life table, survivorshipcurves, growth curves) and biological control; Community structure andorganization;Environmentalpollution;Sustainabledevelopment
3. Ecosystem dynamics and management; Stability and complexity of ecosystems;Environmental Impact assessment, Principles of conservation; conservationstrategies;cryopreservation,Sustainabledevelopment.
Plantresourceutilization:1. Traditional knowledge on the use of Bioresources: ‐ Utilization, need, survey,
evaluationandconservation.Non‐TimberForestProducers2. MicrobialResources: ‐Biofertilizers,Biopesticides,Mycorrhizae,EdibleMushroom
(Agaricus,PleurotusandVolvariella)‐cultivationandmanagement3. Plants and Civilization: Centres of origin and gene diversity; Botany, utilization,
cultivation and improvement of food plants, drug, fibre and industrial values;Unexploited plants of potential economic value; Plants as a source of renewableenergy;Geneticresourcesandtheirconservation,cryopreservation
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
PaperSIII‐BOT‐3/T‐BioinformaticsandBiostatistics(Theory)
Bioinformatics:1. Introductiontotheconceptofhardwareandsoftware.2. IntroductiontoWindows,UNIXandLinux;IntroductiontoPerlandPython.3. Differenttypesofbiologicaldatabaseslikesequencedatabases,structural,
genomicandpathwayinteractiondatabases;informationretrievalfrombiologicaldatabases;sequenceanalysisoverview.
4. Introductiontogenomebrowsers;Onlinebioinformaticstools;Differenttypesoffileformatsusedinbioinformaticsanalysis;Genomeannotation.
5. Nucleotideandproteinsequenceanalysis,sequencealignmentandapplications.6. Phylogeneticanalysis.7. Introductiontoproteinstructurepredictionandanalysis;drugdesigning.
Biostatistics:
1. Samplingandsampledesigns;Classificationandtabulationofdata;Visualizingdata(diagrammaticandgraphicalpresentation)
2. Measuresofcentraltendencyanddispersion3. Probabilitydistributions4. Differencebetweenparametricandnon‐parametricstatistics5. Confidenceinterval;Errors;Levelsofsignificance6. Regressionandcorrelation;t‐test;ANOVA;Chi‐squaretest7. Basicintroductiontomultivariatestatistics8. ApplicationofSPSS,Sigmaplot,XLSTATetc.insolvingstatisticalproblems
PaperSIII‐BOT‐4/P‐Phycology,Bryology,Pteridology,Gymnology,
PaleobotanyandPalynology(Practical)
1. Morphological study of representative members of Cyanophyceae,Chlorophyceae,Phaeophyceae,Bacillariophyceae,Rhodophyceae
2.StudyofreproductivemembersofdifferentgroupsofBryophytes3.StudyofreproductivestructuresofdifferentgroupsofPteridophyta.4. Detectionandbioassayofallelopathicsubstancesoffern.5.ComparativestudyofvegetativeandreproductivestructuresofrepresentativesofdifferentgroupsofGymnosperms4. StudyofimportantfossilGymnospermsfrompreparedslidesandspecimensPaperSIII‐BOT‐5/P‐Ecology,EvolutionandPlantresourceutilization
(Practical)
1. Estimationofdissolvedoxygencontent.2. Estimationofdissolvedcarbonate&bicarbonatecontent.3. DeterminationofsoilpH.4. Determinationofsoilquality:i)organicmatterorii)Exchangeablecalciumand
magnesium5. Mushroomculturetechniques
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
6. Nurserytechniquesofpropagation7. Studyofeconomicallyimportantplants
PaperSIII‐BOT‐6/P‐BioinformaticsandBiostatistics(Practical)1. Nucleicacidandproteinsequenceretrieval2. Sequenceanalysistechniques3. ScriptingandPerl/Pythonprogramming4. Applicationofonlinetoolsandworkflowdesign5. Computer‐oriented statistical techniques for solvingdescriptive and inferentialstatistical problems and performing different statistical techniquesmentioned in thetheoreticalsyllabus.
Semester—IV(SIV)
PaperSIV‐BOT‐1/T‐PlantBiotechnologyandGeneticEngineering(Theory)
1. Introduction and history of plant Tissue culture, culture media, Initiation and
maintenanceofCallusandsuspensioncultures;singlecellclones2. Biochemicalproduction3. Organogenesis; somatic embryogenesis; transfer and establishment of whole
plantsinsoil4. Rapidclonalpropagationandproductionofvirus‐freeplants5. Invitropollination;embryocultureandembryorescue6. Protoplastfusion,selectionofhybridcells;symmetricandasymmetrichybrids,
cybrids.7. Nuclearcytologyofculturedplantcellsandsomaclonalvariations8. Productionofhaploidplantsandtheirutilization9. Cryopreservationandslowgrowthforgermplasmconservation10. Proteomics: Proteomics basic principles and applications. Protein‐protein
interactionviapull‐downandyeasttwo‐hybridassay.DNA‐proteininteractions:DNaseIfootprinting.
11. Protein sequencing – principle and methods. MS/MS techniques for proteinidentification(PMF).
12. Basic principles of genetic engineering; Applications of recombinant DNA inagriculture and medicine; Restriction endonucleases, Modification methylasesandotherenzymesneededingeneticengineering.
13. Cloning vectors; Plasmids and plasmid vectors, Phages and Phage Vectors,phagemids, cosmids, artificial chromosome vectors (YAC, BAC), Animal virusderivedvectors‐SV40andretroviralvectors;Cloningstrategies&screeningofrecombinantclones.
14. Molecularcloning:RecombinantDNAtechniques,constructionofgenomicDNAandcDNAlibraries,screeningoflibraries
15. Expressionstrategiesforheterologousgenes16. Use of transposons in genetic analysis: Transposon tagging and its use in
identificationandisolationofgenes17. Biosafetyregulation:PhysicalandBiologicalcontainment
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
PaperSIV‐BOT‐1/T‐PlantBiotechnologyandGeneticEngineering(Practical)
1. Meristemtipculture2. Somaticembryogenesis3. Separationofaminoacidmixturebythinlayerchromatography.4. SDS‐PAGEanalysisofproteins5. IsolationofplantgenomicDNA,estimationbyUVspectroscopy6. RAPD amplification and data analysis of a typical plant and dendrogram
preparationandgeneticdistancemeasurement.7. Isolation of plant total RNA, estimation by UV spectroscopy and gel
electrophoresis.
Elective/SpecialCourses
(Anyoneelective/specialcoursetobeoptedforthe4thSemester;eachcoursecontainstwotheoreticalandonepracticalpaper)
Elective/SpecialCourse:CytogeneticsSIV‐BOT‐2/ET[Specialpaper–I(Theoretical)]
1. Gene structure: Genetic fine structure, cis‐trans test, complementation test,overviewofpromoterstructuresand5'capping,3'polyadenylationineukaryoticgenetranscription,RNAtransport,splicing‐editing.
2. GenomeorganizationandAnalysis:Anoverviewwithnucleosomepackaging,DNA structure, 'A', 'B' & 'Z' forms, Chromosome sorting by FACS, PFGE andmicrodissection.
3. NGS: High‐throughput DNA sequencing (Illumina/Solexa technique), genomeprobingusingDNAmicroarray(DNAchip),DNAdatabasesandaccessinggeneticinformationviaBioinformaticsalgorithms.
4. Recombinant DNA Technology: Gene cloning principles; Tools‐techniques,constructionofgenomicandcDNAlibrariesandscreening‐expression,choiceofvectors and their structural features, In vitro mutagenesis and application.Antisense,ribozymeandRNAitechnologyandimportance.
5. Genome function: Characterization of gene transcripts‐transcriptomics viaSAGE, Differential display, RNase protection assay, Northern blotting, nuclearrun‐on assay and genetic information passed on to protein‐proteomics, andprotein‐protein interaction via pull‐down and yeast two‐hybrid assay, FRET;DNA‐proteininteractions:EMSA,DNaseIfootprinting,ChIP
6. Transgenic crops: Strategies to develop transgenic crops throughAgrobacteriummediated or physical mediated gene transfer methods. Controlandsilencingoftransgeneexpression.
7. GM crops and ecological concern: GM crops for disease/drought /insect/herbicide tolerance and terminator technology.Advantages ofTransplastomicsand its development. Gene targeting through gene‐knock‐out using Cre‐LoxPsystemandgenetagginginplants.EcologicalriskandethicalissuesofGMcrops
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
SIV‐BOT‐3/ET[Specialpaper–II(Theoretical)]1. Genetic Markers and PCR amplification: RFLP, RAPD, SNPs, FISH &
Chromosome painting, Gene amplification and PCR: Basic principles andmethodologies of PCR, design of PCRprimers, RT‐PCRandReal‐TimePCR andtheirutility.
2. Genomemapping: Genetic mapping, physical mapping, sequencing genomes‐assembly of a continuous DNA sequence, understanding of genome sequence‐ORF,homologysearchandcomparativegenomics,exon‐intronboundaries.
3. Molecular plant breeding: Theory and practices, molecular breeding tools‐markersandmaps;moleculartechniques inOmics‐ functionalandcomparativegenomics;breedingpopulations–DH,RIL,NIL,CSSL;markerassistedselection(MAS)‐ theoryandpractice;breeding informatics‐plantDatabases,prospectsofbreedinginformatics,ricegenomeanalysis‐SNPsandInDelsvariations,analysesbasedondifferentgenomebrowser‐NCBI,Gramene,RAP‐DB.
4. Moleculardissectionof complex traits‐ QTLs, QTLsmapping across species(Rice);Ricebiologyinthegenomicera;Developmentofimprovedricevarietiesthroughmolecularbreeding‐submergencetolerance,blight‐blastresistantrice,salt tolerance rice‐ through gene introgression from donor parents and genepyramiding.
5. Genomes of prokaryotes and eukaryotic organelles: Chromosomes ofprokaryotes, genetic features of prokaryotic genomes; physical features oforganellegenomeandgeneticcontentoforganellegenomes.
6. Molecular phylogenetics: The origins of genome; RNA genome and DNAgenome, acquisition of new genes, noncoding DNA and genome evolution;reconstruction of DNA‐based phylogenetic trees and applications of molecularphylogenetics.
7. Genemanipulationandapplications:Producingusefultherapeuticmolecules,pharmacogenomics, new drugs, improving agronomic traits by geneticmodification. Metabolomics and global biochemical networks; analysis oftranscriptomicsandproteomics;geneinhibitionattheproteinlevel.
SIV‐BOT‐5/EP[Specialpaper–Practical]
1. Plant DNA isolation and its quantification by UV Spectrophotometer andPreparationof"Cot‐curve"fromisolatedDNA
2. RestrictionenzymedigestionofgenomicDNAanditsseparationon1%agarosegelelectrophoresisandvisualizationonUV‐transilluminationafterstainingbyEthidiumbromide
3. rDNA construction: Isolation of plasmid DNA and cut with restriction enzymeandligationintoknownVectorpBR322/pUCseries/pGEM‐T.
4. TransformationofE.colihostusingconstructedchimericplasmid5. PCRandmultiplearbitraryampliconprofiling(AP‐PCR/RAPD)anddataanalysis
with genetic distance measurement and dendrogram construction forphylogeneticstudy.
6. RT‐PCRusingreversetranscriptaseandcellularmRNAassubstrate.7. Callusinitiationandplantletsregenerationfromtissueexplants.
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
8. RicegenomeanalysisbasedongenomesequencingdataofIRGSP‐2005orMSU7.9. SSRmarkerprofilingusingricegenomicDNAandtheiranalysis.10. SNPsand InDelsvariationanalysisbasedonwholegenomesequencingdataof
rice,codonbiasanalysisandGC%analysis.
Elective/SpecialCourse:MicrobiologySIV‐BOT‐2/ET[Specialpaper–I(Theoretical)]
1. Microbial Systematics: Classical and modern approaches to bacterial taxonomy,chemo‐taxonomic characteristics (peptidoglycan, lipids, fatty acids and proteins)andgenotypiccharacteristics(DNA‐basecomposition,‐fingerprinting,‐relatedness;RNAsequenceanalysis,DNA‐RNAhybridization);bacterialphylogeny.
2. Genetics: Genetic code‐ its nature and deciphering; Transcription; Translation;Plasmid biology (Types; Detection and purification; Replication); Transposons−Insertionsequencesandcompositetransposons,phagesastransposons,replicative,non‐replicative and conservative transposition. Transformation; Conjugation;transduction;Bacterialgenomemapping;Mutationanddetection.
3. Environmentalmicrobiology: Biofilms; Microbial competition and cooperation;Biogeochemicalcycles(nitrogen,sulfur,phosphorusandiron);Microbialleachingofores; Wastewater treatments; Biodegradation of petroleum and xenobiotics;Bacterial plastics; Metagenomics; Brief idea of exobiology; Methods in microbialecology.
4. Food Microbiology: Food produced by microbes: Fermented foods (fermenteddairyproducts,alcoholicbeverages,vinegar, fermentedvegetables),microbialcellsas food. Food as substrate formicroorganism, food borne disease; contaminationandspoilageoffood(meatandmeatproducts,fish,fruitsandvegetables,milkandmilkproducts),methodsoffoodpreservation(physicalandchemical);Probiotics
5. Microbes inAgriculture:Biologicalnitrogen fixation,nitrogenaseandalternativenitrogenase system, nif genes; degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin,production of biofertilizers. Microbial control of insects. Use of viruses inagriculture.
6. Bioinformatics&ComputationalBiology:Advancedbiologicalsequenceanalysis;Predictive methods using nucleotide and protein sequences; Advanced BLASTtechniques; Codon usage analysis; Advanced molecular phylogenetics; Molecularmodelling;ConceptsofNextGenerationSequencingandNGSdataanalysis.
SIV‐BOT‐3/ET[Specialpaper–II(Theoretical)]
1. Medical Microbiology: Normal microbiota of human body; host‐parasiterelationship in baterial pathogenicity: non‐specific mechanisms of host defense,mechanism of bacterial virulence, genetics of bacterial virulence; chemotherapy:antibiotics (origin, classification, chemistry and mode of action); semisyntheticantibiotics;antibioticresistanceinbacteria,mechanism(s)ofantibioticresistance.
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
2.Immunology:Theoriesofantibodyproduction,antibodydiversity;antigen‐antibodyreactions; immunoassay methods and their applications, major histocompatibilitycomplex (structure and function), complement system and complement activation;monoclonalantibodies(productionandapplications);ImmunologicaltechniqueslikeimmunoelectrophoresisandELISA.
3. Water microbiology: Waterborne diseases; Microbial contamination of water;Examinationofpotabilityofwater;Purificationofwater.
4. Biotechnology and Industrial microbiology: Major products of industrialmicrobiology; Biofuel production; Microorganisms used in industrial microbiologyandtheirgeneticmanipulation.
5. Virology: Mechanism of virus adsorption and entry into the host cell includinggenomereplicationandmRNAproduction,mechanismofRNAsynthesis,mechanismof DNA synthesis, transcription mechanism and post transcriptional processing,translation of viral proteins, assembly, exit and maturation of progeny virions,multiplicationofbacteriophages.
6.Hostandvirusfactorsinvolvedinpathogenesis,patternsofinfection,pathogenesisofanimalviruses,pathogenesisofplantandinsectviruses.Hostcelltransformationbyviruses and oncogenesis of DNA and RNA viruses; Characteristics of interferons;Inductionandregulationofinterferonproduction;Mechanismofinterferonaction.
SIV‐BOT‐5/EP[Specialpaper–Practical]
1.Quantifyingthethermaldeath(D‐values)ofmicroorganisms
2. Study of physiological and biochemical activities of bacteria (hydrolysis of starch,lipid, protein and urea; degradation of cellulose and pectin; catalase; β‐galactosidase; nitrate reduction; Voges‐Proskauer reaction; indole production;liquefactionofgelatin;citrateutilization;fermentation/oxidationofsugars)
3.Studyofbacterialgrowthanddeterminationofgenerationtime
4.Assayofantibioticsusingtubedilution,welldiffusionandagardilutionmethods
5.Detectionofcoliformsusingmembranefiltermethodtodeterminewaterpurity
6. Enrichment and isolation of anoxygenic prototrophic, endospore‐forming anddiazotrophicbacteria
7.Inductionofmutation,andselectionofmutantsusingreplicaplatingtechnique
8.Isolationofantibiotic‐resistantmutants
9.DNAisolationfrombacteria/environmentalsampleanditsquantification.
10.RestrictionenzymedigestionofDNA
11.PolymeraseChainReactionandGelElectrophoresis.
12.TransformationofE.coli
13.QuantitativeestimationofproteinsbyFolin‐Lowry/Biuretmethod.
14.Chromatographictechniques
15.Nucleicacidandproteinsequenceanalysis
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
16.Basictechniquesofmolecularmodeling
17.BasicsofNGSdataanalysis.
Elective/SpecialCourse:MYCOLOGYandPLANTPATHOLOGYSIV‐BOT‐2/ET[Specialpaper–I(Theoretical)]1. Fungaldiversityindifferentecosystems:Thestructureandcompositionoffungal
cell,effectofenvironmentonfungalgrowthandbehavior.2. Fermentation technology: Feedstock for fermentation process, fermentor design
andoperation,solidsubstratefermentations.3. Enzyme technology: Fungal enzymes of commercial importance, production of
fungalenzymes,freeandimmobilizedcellsandenzymes.4. Fungal toxins: Mycotoxicoses‐ fungi in dermatomycosis, aspergillosis and fungi
allergenictomanandanimal.5. Fungi as food and beverage: Alcoholic beverage, mushrooms and other macro
fungi,ediblebiomassfromyeastandmoulds,singlecellproteins(SCP).6. Fungi in foodprocessing: Bread, soybean products, cheese and fermentedmilk,
otherfermentedfoods7. Fungal metabolites: Primary metabolites of economic importance, secondary
metabolitesinmedicineandagriculture8. Futureoffungalbiotechnology:Productionofmammalianproteinsbyfungi,other
applicationsofgenecloninginfungiandtheirimportance9. Recombinant DNA technology: Manipulation of industrially important fungi,
ediblemushroomandbio‐controlagentsSIV‐BOT‐3/ET[Specialpaper–II(Theoretical)]
1. Biology of Mycorrhizae: Diversity of Mycorrhizae and its development,Ectophytic and endophytic mycorrhiza (VAM), mycorrhiza in plant growthpromotion, mycorrhizal interactions with soil microorganisms, mycorrhiza inplantdiseasecontrol.
2. Moleculartoolsandmethods:DetectionofMycorrhiza;plantpathogens insoil,waterandplanttissues.
3. Plant defense mechanisms: Plants defense against infection: Preexistingstructural and induced structural and chemical defense, hypersensitive reaction,roleofphytoalexinsandotherphenoliccompounds,
4. Management of plant diseases: Cultural, chemical, biological, biopesticides,breedingforresistantvarieties,plantquarantine,integratedpestmanagement.
5. Post‐harvestpathology: Fungal deterioration of food commodities,mycotoxinsandhealthhazards,controlmeasures.
6. Molecular plant pathology: Molecular aspects of host pathogen interactions ‐Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) and Induced systemic resistance (ISR),defense enzymes. PR proteins, degradation of phytoalexins; application ofmolecular biology to plant disease control ‐ transgenic approach for cropprotection,engineeringchemicalsthatelicitdefenseresponsetoplants.
7. PlantDiseases: Studyofmajorplantdiseasescausedby fungi,bacteria,viruses,nematodeandmycoplasmalikeorganisms
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
SIV‐BOT‐5/EP[Specialpaper–Practical]
1. Isolationoffungal/plantDNAanditsquantificationbyspectrophotometricmethod.2. SeparationofDNAbyagarosegelelectrophoresis.3. Restrictionendonucleasedigestionoffungal/plantDNA.4. DNAblothybridization.5. Isolationoffungalprotoplast.7. Polymerasechainreaction.8. Extraction and bioassay of phytoalexin(s) fromplant tissue induced by biotic and
abioticstresses.9. Partial purification of antifungal compounds by TLC methods and UV
spectrophotometricanalysis.10. Extraction and SDS‐PAGE analysis of defense protein in artificially inoculated
plants/inducedbyabioticelicitor(s).11. Separationofproteins/polyphenolsbycolumnchromatography.12.Extractionandassayofdefenseenzyme(s).13.Immunologicalcharacterizationofdefenseenzyme(s).14.Preparationandpurificationofplantandfungalantigens.15. ProductionofpolyclonalantibodyandpurificationofIgG.16. Evaluation of antigens in raising antibodies using immunodiffusion and immuno‐
electrophoretictest.17. OptimizationofantigenandantiseradilutionbyELISA.18. DetectionofpathogeninartificiallyinoculatedplantusingDAC‐ELISAformats.19. Detectionofpathogeninsoilbydotblotandwesternblotmethod.20. Detectionofpathogeninhosttissuebyindirectimmunofluorescencetest.
Elective/SpecialCourse:PlantPhysiology,BiochemistryandMolecularBiologySIV‐BOT‐2/ET[Specialpaper–I(Theoretical)]
1. Nitrogenmetabolism: Nitrate assimilation in plants, structure, function andregulation of nitrate assimilation enzymes, nif genes, nod genes ‐ structure,functionandregulation.
2. Stress physiology: Physiology and molecular biology of abiotic stress, bioticstress, reactive oxygen species and their protection mechanisms, role ofpolyaminesinstressphysiology.
3. Senescence and its regulation: Programmed cell death (PCD): Types,developmentalandMolecularBiologyofPCD,fruitripening.
4. Pumps, carriers and channels: Structure and function, energetics of activetransport,isophoreandionophore;Vacuoles–origin,structureandfunction.
5. Sulfate metabolism: Sulfur chemistry and function; Uptake and transport;reductivesulfateassimilationpathway;synthesisandfunctionofglutathioneanditsderivatives.
6. Floral inductionanddevelopment: Hormonal control,molecular genetics offloraldevelopmentandfloralorgandifferentiation;Effectoflowtemperatureonfloralbudinitiation(FBI)throughsilencingofFLCgene.
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
7. Proteintargeting:Proteintransportincellorganelles,commonfeaturesofthetransport mechanism, chaperon, chaperonin and protein folding, proteinglycosylationanditssignificance.
8. Cellsignalling: Signalmolecules, signalperceptionand transduction inplants;MAP‐kinase,Ca‐calmodulincomplex–roleinplantsignaling.
9. Protein chemistry: Protein purification, characterization, methods for thedetermination of amino acids sequences in proteins, protein folding pathwaysandLevinthalParadox.
10. Alkaloidsandcarotenoids:Classification,occurrenceandbiologicalproperties,biosynthesis,andbiologicalsignificance.
SIV‐BOT‐3/ET[Specialpaper–II(Theoretical)]
1. AntisensetechnologyandregulatoryRNAs:RNAiantisenseoligonucleotides,basic principles and mechanisms. Small interfering RNAs (siRNA), MicroRNA(miRNA);synthesisandfunctionofmiRNAmolecules.
2. Protein modification: Site specific and PCR‐based random mutagenesis,characterizationofthemutants.
3. Epigenomics: DNA methylation, Histone modifications (methylation,acetylation)theirroleinepigeneticcontrolofgene.
4. Importance of weak chemical interactions: Concept of free energy, weakbondsinbiologicalsystems,hydrophobicbondsstabilizemacromolecules;weakbonds attach enzymes to substrate, protein‐protein interactions, protein‐DNAinteractions;specificconformationofaproteindependsonpatternofHydrogenbonds.
5. Transcriptional regulation: In prokaryotes and eukaryotic systems, genesilencingbymodificationsofhistonesandDNAs.
6. Gene regulation in development and evolution: Strategies for establishingdifferential gene expression in developmental stages, Homeotic genes‐ animportantclassofdevelopmentalregulators,positiveautoregulationdelaysgeneexpression.
7. Biogenesis, traffic, and functions of cellular membrane system, Proteinsynthesis and folding in the cytoplasm; translocation into the endoplasmicreticulum‐thesignalhypothesis;Golgifunctioninbiosyntheticprocessing.
8. CatalyticRNA:Introduction,groupIandgroupIIintrons,catalyticactivityofRNaseP,Viroidshavecatalyticactivity,proteinsplicingisautocatalytic.
9. Somatic recombination and hypermutation in the immune systems:Introduction, clonal selection amplifies lymphocytes, allelic exclusion; classswitchingiseffectedbyDNArecombination.
SIV‐BOT‐5/EP[Specialpaper–Practical]
1. Proteinextraction,precipitationbysaltingout,desaltingbydialysis/SephadexG25column
2. FractionationofproteinsbymolecularexclusionchromatographyonSephadexG100.
3. SDS‐PAGEanalysisoftheproteinsanddeterminationofmolecularweights.4. Enzymeextraction/assayofactivityandisozymeanalysisbyPAGE.
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
5. IsolationofchloroplastanddeterminationofHillactivity.6. SeparationofpigmentsbyTLCandtheiridentification.7. Extractionandestimationofcarotenoidpigments.8. DeterminationofpKavaluesofaminoacids.9. Immunologicaltechniques‐ELISAandWesternBlotting.10. SeparationanddetectionofsecondarymetabolitesthroughTLC.11. DeterminationofantioxidantfingerprintonTLC.12. Isolation, purification and identification of alkaloids by application of column
chromatography.
Elective/SpecialCourse:TaxonomyofAngiospermsandBiosystematics SIV‐BOT‐2/ET[Specialpaper–I(Theoretical)
1. HistoryofstudiesinTaxonomicBotanyinIndia 2. Survey of Taxonomic Literature: Dictionaries, Indices, Monographs, Manuals,
Floras,Journals,andtaxonomicwebsites 3. TheSpeciesConcept4. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature: Principles, articles,
recommendations and special provisions; application of code with problems;nomenclatureofcultivatedandhybridplants;taxonomichierarchy.
5. BiocodeandPhylocode 6. UseofHerbaria;roleofBotanicGardensinthe21stCentury. 7. Biosystematics: definition, importance and categories. Major areas of
biosystematicstudies: A. Palynology: morphology, chemistry of exine, bearing on phylogeny,reconstructionofvegetationstructureB. Embryology: Diversity in structures of gametophytes, endospermformation,developingembryo;ovulemorphologyC. Cytology,geneticsandbreedingD. Phytochemistry(includingserology,pigments&secondarymetabolites)E. Molecular Biology: Definition, determination of relationship throughProtein&NucleicAcidstudies;usesofelectrophoresis,PCR&HPLC.F. Remotesensing&GIS.
8. Analysisofdata;commonlyavailablesoftware,constructionofdendrograms
SIV‐BOT‐3/ET[Specialpaper–II(Theoretical)]
1. Philosophyofclassification.Recenttrendsinclassification. 2. Indianflora.Endemism‐inIndianperspective 3. Migration, dispersal and discontinuous distribution of plants
4. Management of Herbarium: Methods of collection, identification and
documentation
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
5. Biodiversity Conservation: IUCN categories, Effects of Rio de Genero worldsummit,Hotspots,Indiaasamegadiversitycountry;Ramsarsites
6. Methodsofinsituandexsituconservation.BiodiversityprotectedareasinIndia7. Concise accounts of the phylogeny and economic importance of the following
taxa:a. SUBCLASSES:i) Magnoliidae,(ii)Dilleniidae,(iii)Caryophyllidae,(iv)Alismatidae,(v)Commelinidae.b. ORDERS:i) Nymphaeales,(ii)Fagales,(iii)Gentiales,(iv)Dipsacales,(v)Liliales/Zingeberales,(vi)Orchidales.
8. Traditional knowledge: Ethnobotanical resources in India; documentation andutilizationofethnicknowledge.Traditionalmethodsofconservation;sacredgroves
SIV‐BOT‐5/EP[Specialpaper–Practical]
1. Seasonalcollectionoflocalflora,processing,Herbariummanagement.2. Phenologyofsomecommonweeds.3. Seed,endosperm,embryoandseedlingmorphology.4. Identificationofplantsbymatching.5. Working out of different angiospermic plants (fresh and dry), their
identificationsusingliteratureandpreparationofartificialkeys.6. Phytosociological studies; Biological Spectrum; Determination of Diversity
Indices(Shannon‐Wiener,SpeciesRichness&β‐diversity).7. UseofGPSanddemonstrationontheuseofatleastoneremote‐sensingsoftware8. Familiarity with Taxonomic Literature (e.g. Index Kewensis, Wall‐Cat., Icones,
Bibliographies,Dictionaries,Keys,Floras,etc.).9. Preparationof temporaryandpermanentpollenslides;descriptionofcommon
palynomorphs,preparationofidentificationkeys.10. Variationofcharacters‐influenceofecologicalfactors.11. Ethnobotanicalsurveyinaforestvillage/villagemarket.12. Use of Electrophoresis, PCR, HPLC and other instruments useful in molecular
taxonomy.13. Basictechniquesofmicropropagation.14. Identificationofsecondarymetabolitesandpigments.
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
InterdisciplinaryCourses(IDC)(forstudentspursuingPGcoursesotherthanM.Sc.inBotany)
Course:IDC‐IEnvironment,BiodiversityConservationandsustainabledevelopment
I. EnvironmentandEcosystems:Conceptofanecosystem,Structureandfunctionofan
ecosystem,Producers,consumersanddecomposers,Energyflowintheecosystem,Foodchains, food webs and ecological pyramids, characteristic features, structure andfunction of the following ecosystem‐ Forest ecosystem, Grassland ecosystem, DesertecosystemandAquaticecosystems,
II. Biogeochemical Cycles: Importance, gaseous and sedimentary cycles, Carbon,Nitrogen,PhosphorusandSulphurCycles,OxygenCycles,Hydrologicalcycles.
III. Succession: Concepts of succession, Types of Succession, plan succession, Climax andstability.
IV. Biomes:Major biomes of India, Characteristics of terrestrial freshwater andmarineecosystems,Forests,grasslands,lake,riverandmarineecosystemsofIndia.
V. Population: Basic concepts, population characteristics – density, natality, mortality,age‐structure, population growth, Ecological niche and habitat, Positive and negativeinteractionsofpopulations–competition,predation,parasitism,mutualism.
VI. Community: Basicconcepts,communitystructure,growthforms, life form,Analyticaland synthetic characters of plant community, Methods of plant community analysis,Conceptofkeystonespeciesandecotone.
VII. Biodiversity and conservation: Basic concepts, Levels of biodiversity, biodiversityloss,Conservationofbiodiversity‐In‐situandEx‐situconservationofbiodiversity,needsand its issues, Sacred groove, Hot‐sports of biodiversity, Overexploitation and itscommon pattern, international trade, problems in controlling in international trade(enforcement illegal trade), sustainable development, Value of biodiversity‐consumptiveuse,productiveuse,social,ethical,aestheticandoptionvalues;Indiaasamega‐diversitynation.
VIII. Environmentalproblems:Pollution‐basicconceptsofpollution(air, landandwater),Pollutants(chlorinatedhydrocarbon,organophosphate,andheavymetals)andimpact,Greenhouse effect, acid rain, ozonedepletion,deforestation,desertification, salination,chemical and radiation hazards, pesticide pollution, eutrophication, biologicalmagnification,Solidwastemanagement.
IX. Environmental protection act: Environmental laws, national movement,environmental policies, environmental ethics‐holistic approach of environmental
24
New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
protection and conservation, IUCN‐role in environmental protection, environmentalprotectionagency(EPA).
X. Phytoremediation: oil spills, wastewater treatment, chemical degradation, heavymetal.
XI. Renewable and non‐renewable resources: Forest resources‐ Use and over‐exploitation,deforestation, timber extraction,mining,damsand their effectson forestand tribal people;Water resources‐ Use and over‐utilization of surface and groundwater, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams‐benefits and problems; Energyresources‐Growingenergyneeds,renewableandnonrenewableenergysources,useofalternateenergysources.
XII. Human Population and the Environment: Population growth, variation amongnations, Population explosion – FamilyWelfare Programme, Environment and humanhealth, HumanRights, Value Education,HIV/AIDS,Women and ChildWelfare, Role ofInformationTechnologyinEnvironmentandhumanhealth,CaseStudies.
XIII. Fieldwork:
a. Visit to a local area to document environmental assets river/forest/grassland/hill/mountain
b. Visittoalocalpollutedsite‐Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agriculturalc. Studyofcommonplants,macrofungi,insects,birdsd. Studyofsimpleecosystems‐pond,river,hillslopes,etc.
Course:IDC‐IIBiotechnologyI. Carbohydrates:Structuralaspects–Introduction&Occurrence,ClassificationofMono‐,
Di‐ and Polysaccharides, Reducing & Non‐reducing Sugars, Constitution of Glucose &Fructose.
II. Lipids:Structuralaspects–Generalintroduction,Classification&StructureofSimple&
Compound lipids, Properties of Lipid aggregates (elementary idea), Biologicalmembrane,Membraneprotein–structuralaspects,Lipoproteins(elementaryidea).
III. Protein Structural aspects: General introduction, Classification & General
characteristics, Structure of Primary, Secondary, Tertiary & Quaternary proteins(elementaryidea),ClassificationofAminoacids.
IV. Nucleic acid Structural aspects: Components of DNA and RNA, Nucleosides &
Nucleotides (introduction, structure & bonding), Double helical structure of DNA(Watson‐Crickmodel),variousformsofDNA.
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
V. Genes are DNA: DNA as genetic material, DNA double helix, semiconservativereplication,mutationsandGeneticcode.
VI. Mutation:Occurrence,kindsofMutation,spontaneous&inducedMutation,Mutagens,
detection ofMutation, LethalMutations, BiochemicalMutations, Phenotypic effects ofMutation,MolecularbasisofMutation,Significance&PracticalapplicationsofMutation.
VII. Basics of Cell Biology (structure & function): Discovery of cell and Cell Theory;
Comparisonbetweenplantandanimalcells;Cellwall;Plasmamembrane;Modificationof plasma membrane and intracellular junctions; Cytoskeleton; Protoplasm;Mitochondria; Chloroplast; ER; Golgi complex; Lysosome, endosome andmicrobodies;Ribosome; Centriole; Nucleus; Chemical components of a cell; Catalysis and use ofenergybycells.
VIII. StructureandfunctionofProkaryoticcell&itscomponents:TheSlimeandthecell
wall of bacteria; Concept of Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria, Mesosomes,flagella, Pilus, fimbriae, ribosomes, carboxysomes, sulfur granules, glycogen,polyphosphatebodies,fatbodies,gasvesicles;endospores,exospores,cysts.
IX. PathogenicMicroorganisms: List of common bacterial, fungal and viral diseases of
humanbeingsandplants[Nameofthedisease,causativepathogen,partsaffected].X. Basic concepts of Virology: General characteristics of viruses, differences between
bacteria and viruses. Physical and chemical Structures of different Viruses‐ helical(TMV)andcomplex(Bacteriophage)
XI. ApplicationsofPlantGeneticEngineering: crop improvement, herbicide resistance,
insectresistance,virusresistance,plantsasbioreactors.XII. Geneticmodification in Agriculture: transgenic plants, genetically modified foods,
application,futureapplications,ecologicalimpactoftransgenicplants.XIII. CloningandPCRamplification:Clone,Overviewoftheprocedure,Theimportanceof
DNA Cloning, Gene library, Hybridization, PCR‐ basic features and application,Principles of Cell‐based DNA Cloning, Cloning System for amplifying different sizedfragments.
XIV. PurificationandSeparationofnucleicacids: Extraction and Purification of nucleic
acids,DetectionandQuantitationofNucleicacids,GelElectrophoresis,XV. Cutting and Joining DNA: Restriction Endonucleases, Ligation, Alkaline Phosphate,
DoubleDigest,ModificationofRestrictionFragmentsends,OtherWaysof joiningDNAMolecules.
XVI. Vectors: Plasmid vectors, Vectors based on the lambdaBacteriophage, Cosmids,M13
vectors,Expressionvectors,VectorsforcloningandexpressioninEukaryoticcells,YACsandBACs.
XVII. NucleicAcidHybridization:Principleandapplication‐Preparationofnucleicprobes,
Principle of Nucleic acid hybridization, Nucleic acid hybridization assays, Southernblottingtechnique.
XVIII. Computational Genomics and bioinformatics: Internet basics, biological data
analysisandapplication,sequencedatabases,NCBImodel,fileformat,Proteinprimary
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
sequence analysis, DNA sequence analysis, pair wise sequence alignment, FASTAalgorithm,BLAST,multiplesequencealignment,DATAbasesearchingusingBLASTandFASTA,Smallmoleculesdatabases,proteininformation,resources,proteindatabank.
XIX. Geneticmodification inMedicine: Gene therapy, types of gene therapy, vectors in
genetherapy,molecularengineering,humangeneticengineering,problemsðics.XX. Genetic engineering in plants: Use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Ti plasmids,
Strategiesforgenetransfertoplantcells,DirectDNAtransfertoplants,Genetargetinginplants,Useofplantvirusesasepisomalexpressionvectors.
XXI. HumanGenomeProject(HGP):anoverviewoftheproject,goalsoftheproject,major
scientificstrategies&approachesusedinHGP,expectedscientific&medicalbenefitsofthisproject,abouttheorganizationsbehindthisproject.
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
SuggestedReadingsBio‐resourceutilization1. AdvancesinMushroomBiotechnology‐M.C.Nair,Ed.2. AtextbookofBiotechnology‐R.C.Dubey(S.Chand&Co.)3. FoodandNaturalResources‐D.PimentelandC.W.Hall,AcademicPress4. Plant Genetic Resources Conservation and Management‐ R.S.Paroda and
R.K.Arora,IPGRI5. SustainableManagementofNon‐WoodForestProducts‐M.N.B.Nair6. TheUsefulPlantsofIndia‐CSIR,PublicationandInformationDirectorate
Biostatistics1. FundamentalsofBiometry–L.N.Balaam2. FundamentalsofBiostatistics–I.A>KhanandA.Khanum,UkaazPublications3. PrinciplesofBiometry‐C.M.Woolf4. StatisticalMethods–G.W.SnedecorandW.G.CochranBryology1. Bryophyta‐N.S.Parihar,CentralBookDepot,Allahabad2. BryophyeEcology–A.J.E.Smith(Ed)3. Bryophytes–P.Puri,AtmaRam&SonsPublishers,N.Delhi4. CryptogamicBotany,Vol.II–G.M.Smith5. LiverwortsoftheWesternHimalayasandPunjabPlain–S.R.KashyapCytologyandGenetics1. Genetics:PJRussell.BenjaminCummingsPub.Inc.USA.2. PrinciplesofGenetics:SnustadandSimmons,JohnWileyandSons,USA3. ConceptsofGenetics:KlugandCummings,PearsonEducation,USA4. Genome3:T.A.Brown,PearsonEducation,USA5. Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics: Primrose and Twyman,
BlackwellScientific,Oxford.6. Plantchromosome:Analysis;ManipulationandEngineering:Sharma&Sharma,
HarwortAcademicPub.Australia7. TheScienceofGenetics:SaudersCollegePublishing,FortWorth,USA8. Genetics:PrinciplesandAnalysis,HartlandJones,EWJones&BartletttPub,USA.9. GeneIX:Lewin,B.OxfordUniversityPress,USA.10. EssentialGenes,Lewin,B.PearsonEducation.11. Functional Genomics: A practical Approach. Hunt And Rick, Oxford University
Press.12. Genetic Engineering: An Introduction to Gene Analysis and Exploitation in
Eukaryotes:Kingsman&Kingsman,BlackwellScientific.Pub.Oxford.13. MolecularBiotechnology:Glick&Pasternock,IndianEdition.
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
14. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Sambrook & Russel, CSHL press,N.York.
15. DNACloning:APracticalApproach,Glover&Hames,IRLpress,Oxford.16. Methods in Enzymology, Guide to molecular Technique, Vol. 152. Berger &
Kimmel,AcademicPress,SanDiego.17. DNAScience:AfirstcourseinrecombinantTechnology,Mickloss&Freger,CSHL
Press,NY.18. RecombinantDNATechnology:Watson,AcademicPress.Ecology1. BasicEcology–E.P.Odum,SaundersPublication2. FundamentalsofEcology‐E.P.Odum,SaundersPublication3. ElementsofEcology–R.L.Smith&T.M.Smith,Benjamin/CummingsPublishers4. AirpollutionandPlantLife–M.T.reshow,WillyInterscience5. Conceptsofecology‐E.J.Kormondy,Prentice‐HallofIndia6. FundamentalsofEcology‐M.C.Dash,TataMcGrawHill7. EnvironmentalScience‐S.C.Santra,NewCentralBookagency(P)Ltd.Kolkata.8. BiologyofFreshwaterpollution‐C.F.Mason,LongmanPublishersGymnology1. AnIntroductiontoGymnosperms–S.C.Dutta2. ComparativeMorphologyofVascularPlants–A.S.FosterandG.M.Gifford3. TheMorphologyofVascularPlants–D.W.BierhorstMicrobiology1. BacterialMetabolism‐G.Gottschalk,Springer2. Bergey’sManualofSystematicBacteriology,4vols, ‐N.R.Krieg&J.G.Holt,eds,
Springer3. Brock Biology of Microorganisms ‐ M.T. Madigan, J.M. Martinko & J. Parker,
Prentice‐Hall4. EncyclopediaofMicrobiology,4vols‐J.Lederberg,ed,AcademicPress5. FoodMicrobiology‐M.R.Adams&M.O.Moss,RSC6. FoodMicrobiology‐ Fundamentals and Frontiers, 3rd edition,M.P. Doyle& L.R.
Beuchat,ASMPress7. FoundationsinMicrobiology‐K.P.Talaro&A.Talaro,WCB/McGraw‐Hill8. FundamentalsofMicrobiology‐Alcamo,Benjamin/Cummings9. Fundamentals ofMicrobiology and Immunology ‐ A.K. Banerjee&N. Banerjee,
Central10. GeneralMicrobiology‐H.G.Schlegel,CambridgeUniversityPress11. GeneralMicrobiology‐R.Y.Stanier,E.A.Adelberg&J.L.Ingraham,McMillan12. GenesVIII‐B.Lewin,OxfordUniversityPress13. Immunology‐J.Kuby,Freeman14. Introduction to Modern Virology ‐ N.J. Dimmock & S.B. Primrose, Blackwell
Science15. MicrobialEnergetics‐E.A.Dawes,Blackie
29
New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
16. MicrobialPhysiology‐A.G.Moat&J.W.Foster,JohnWiley&Sons17. Microbiology‐B.D.Davisetal.,Harpeer&Row18. Microbiology‐L.M.Prescott,J.P.Harley&D.A.Klein,McGraw‐Hill19. Microbiology‐M.J.Pelczar,E.C.S.Chan&N.R.Krieg,McGraw‐Hill20. Microbiology–An Introduction ‐ G.J.Tortora,B.R. Funke&C.L.Case,Addison
Wesley,Longman21. MicroorganismsinOurWorld‐R.M.Atlas,MosbyMolecularPlantPathologyandFungalBiotechnology
1. MolecularPlantPathology ‐M.Dicinson.Bios ScientificPublishers,Taylorand
Francisgroup,LondonandNewYork2. Fungalgenetics:Principlesandpractice‐CeesJ.Bos,ed.MarcelDekker,Inc.3. TheMycota:Vol.I‐XII:Ed.K.Esser:SpringerVerlag,Berlin4. GeneVI‐GeneIX:BenjaminLewin,OxfordUniversitypress.5. Molecular and cellular biology of filamentous fungi‐Nick Talbot , Oxford
UniversityPress.6. PlantPathology‐4thEdn.‐G.N.Agrios,ElsevierPublications.7. An Introduction to mycology ‐ R. S. Mehrotra and K. R. Aneja., New age
Interntionalpublishers,NewDelhi.8. TopicsinMycologyandPlantPathology‐L.N.Nair,NewCentralBookagency(P)
Ltd.Kolkata.9. PlantPathology‐conceptsandlaboratoryExercises‐RobertN.Trigiano,MarkT.
WindhamandAlanS.Windhameds.,CRCPress.10. AtextbookofPlantPathology‐A.V.S.S.Sambamurty11. PlantPathology‐MehrotraandAgarwal,TataMcGrowHill12. ApplicationsofPCRinMycology–P.D.Bridge,D.K.Arora,C.A.ReddyandR.P.
ElanderEds.,CABInternational.13. Molecular Plant Pathology: A practical approach, Vol. I & II‐ S.J. Gurr,M. J.Mc
PherssonandD.J.Bowles,Eds.,OxfordUniversityPress.14. Introductiontoplantviruses‐C.L.Mandahar,S.Chand&Co.15. AtextbookofBiotechnology‐R.C.Dubey,S.Chand&Co.Paleobotany
1. AnIntroductiontoPaleobotany–C.A.Arnold2. AnIntroductiontothestudyoffossilplants–J.Walton3. Paleobotanyandevolutionofplants‐W.N.StewartandG.W.Rathwell,Cambridge
UniversityPress4. StudiesinPaleobotany–H.N.AndrewsPhycology
1. AlgaeandWaterPollution–C.M.Palmer2. AnIntroductiontoAlgae–I.Morris,CambridgeUniversityPress3. Phycology–R.e.Lee4. StructureandReproductionofAlgae–F.E.Fritsch5. TheAlgae–V.J.ChapmanandD.J.Chapman6. TheEcologyofAlgae–F.E.Round,CambridgeUniversityPress
30
New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
PlantBiochemistry1. Biochemistry‐ A.L. Lehninger, D.L. Nelson and M.M. Cox, CBS Publishers &
Distributors,NewDelhi2. Biochemistry‐J.M.Berg,J.L.TymoczkoandL.Stryer,FreemanPublishers3. Biochemistry‐L.Stryer,FreemanPublishers4. Biochemistry‐F.B.Armstrong,OxfordUniversityPress5. Biochemistry‐J.H.Weil,NewAgeInternationalPublishers6. Biochemistry‐G.Zubay,W.C.BrownPublishers7. Biochemistry‐D.Das,AcademicPublishers8. Biochemistry&MolecularBiologyofPlants‐B.B.Buchanan,W.GruissenandR.L.
Jones,I.K.InternationalPublishers9. Introduction to Plant Biochemistry ‐ Goodwin and Mercer, CBS Publishers &
Distributors.10. Outlines of Biochemistry‐ E. Conn, P.K. Stumpf, G. Bruening andR.H. Doi, John
Wiley&Sons11. Outlines of Biochemistry‐ P.W. Kuchel and G.B. Ralston, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishers12. Photosynthesis‐D.O.HallandK.K.Rao,CambridgeUniversityPress13. Photosynthesis‐D.W.Lawlor,VivaBooksPvt.Ltd.14. PlantBiochemistry–Eds.P.M.DeyandJ.B.Harborne,HacourtAsiaPvt.Ltdand
AcademicPress15. PlantBiochemistry&MolecularBiology‐P.J.LeaandR.C.Leegood,JohnWiley&
Sons16. PlantMetabolism‐D.Richter,GeorgeThiemePublishers17. PlantMetabolism‐ D.t. Dennis, D.H. Tupin, D.D. Lefebure and D.B. Layzell eds.,
LongmanPublishers18. PrinciplesofBiochemistry‐H.R.Horton,L.A.Moran,R.S.Ochs,J.D.RawnandK.G.
Saimgeour,PrenticeHallPublishers,USA19. AnalyticalBiochemistry‐D.J.HolmeandH.Peck,LongmanPublishers20. Basic Separation Techniques in Biochemistry‐ R.O. Okotore, New Age
International21. BiochemicalMethods‐S.SadasivamandA.Manickam,,NewAgeInternational22. ClassExperimentsinPlantPhysiology‐H.Meidner,GeorgeAllen&Unwin23. Experimental Biochemistry: Theory and exercise in Fundamental methods‐
R.SwitzerandL.Garrity,FreemanPublishers24. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual‐ J.Sambrook, E.F.Fritsch, T.Maniatis,
eds.,ColdSpringHarborLaboratoryPress25. PhytochemicalMethods‐J.B.Harborne,Chapman&HallPublishers26. PracticalBiochemistry‐K.WilsonandJ.Walker,eds.CambridgeUniversityPressPlantPhysiologyandPharmacognosy
1. BasicbiophysicsforBiologists–M.Daniel,AgroBotanicaPublishers2. Biochemistry andPhysiology of PlantHormones– T.CMoore, Springer‐Verlag,
NewYork,USA3. ClassexperimentsinPlantPhysiology–H.Meidner,GeorgeAllenandUnwin
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
4. Concepts of Photobiology: Photosynthesis and Photomorphogenesis – G.SSinghal, G Renger, S.K Sopory, K.D Irrgang and Govindjee,Narosa PublishingHouse,NewDelhi
5. CultivationandUtilizationofMedicinalPlants–C.KAtal andB.NKanpur,Eds.,RegionalResearchLaboratory,CSIR,JammuTawai
6. Encyclopaedia of Plant Physiology, Volume III: Secondaryplant Products – E.ABellandB.VCharlwood,Springer‐Verlag
7. ExperimentsinPlantPhysiology:ALaboratoryManual–DBajracharya,NarosaPublishingHouse,NewDelhi
8. GelElectrophoresisofProteins:APracticalApproach–B.DHames,PAS,OxfordUniversityPress,Oxford,U.K.
9. The Embryology of Angiosperms S.S Bhojwani and S.P Bhatnagar, VikasPublishing House, New Introduction to Plant Physiology ‐ E.G Hopkins, JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,NewYork,USA
10. Medical Botany, Plants affecting Man’s Health – W.H Lewis and M.P.F Elvin‐Lewis,WileyInternationalPublication
11. Metabolism andRegulation of Secondary Plant Products – V.CRunneckles andE.FConn.
12. MolecularEmbryologyofFloweringPlants–VRaghavan,CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge
13. Patterns of Plant Development – T.A Steeves and I.M Sussex, CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge).
14. Pharmacognosy–G.ETreaseandW.CEvans,BailliereTindallPublishers15. Pharmacognosy–S.BGokhaleandC.KKokate,PragatiPrakashan16. Pharmacognosy–V.E.Tyler,L.BradyandJ.ERobbers,Varghese17. PlantAnatomy–AFahn,PergamonPress,Oxford18. PlantGrowth andDevelopment:AMolecularApproach ‐D.E Fosket ,Academic
Press,SanDiego19. Plant Physiology – F.B Salisbury and C.W Ross,Wadsworth Publishing Co.,
California,USA20. Plant Physiology ‐ L Taiz and E Zeiger, Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers,
Massachusetts,USA21. Polarity in Plants; Annual Plant reviews, Volume 12 – Keith Lindsey Ed.
BlackwellpublishingandCRCPress22. Practical Biochemistry: Principles and techniques – K Wilson and J Walker,
CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge,UK23. PracticalPharmacognosy–C.KKokate,VallabhPrakashan,Delhi)24. PracticalPharmacognosy–P.K.Lala,Lina,MGRoad,Kolkata25. PhytochemicalMethods: AGuide toModern techniques of Plant analysis – T.C
Harborne,ChapmanandHall,London26. Research Experiences in Plant Physiology: A Laboratory Manual – T.C Moore,
Springer‐Verlag,NewYork,USA27. Seeds: Physiology of Development and Germination ‐ J.DBewley andM Black.
PlenumPress,NewYork28. Stress Physiology – D.P. Singh, New Aga International (P) Limited, Publishers,
NewDelhi.29. The Embryology of Angiosperms S.S Bhojwani and S.P Bhatnagar, Vikas
PublishingHouse,NewDelhi
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New Syllabus for P. G. Studies (M. Sc.) in Botany: 2017-2018.
30. TechniquesandPracticeofChromatography–R.P.WScott,MarcelDekker, Inc.,NewYork
Pteridology1. ComparativeAnatomyofVegetativeOrgansofthePteridophytes–Y.Ogura2. MorphologyofVascularPlants(LowerGroups)–A.J.Eames3. TheFerns–F.O.Bower4. TheMorphologyofPteridophytes–K.K.SPorne,B.I.Publishing5. ThePteridophyteFloraoftheUpperGangeticPlain–N.P.ChowdhuryTaxonomyofAngiosperms
1. FloraofIndia(allvols.)‐BotanicalSurveyofIndia2. TaxonomyofVascularPlants‐G.H.Lawrence3. TheIdentificationofFloweringPlantFamilies‐P.H.Davis&J.Cullen4. BotanicalLatin‐W.T.Stearn5. ADictionaryofFloweringPlants‐J.C.Willis6. AnIntegratedSystemSystemofClassificationofFloweringPlants‐A.Cronquist7. TheEvolutionandClassificationofFloweringPlants‐A.Cronquist8. TheFamiliesofMonocotyledons‐R.M.T.Dahlgren,H.T.Clifford&P.F.Yeo9. FloweringPlantsoftheWorld‐V.H.Heywood10. TheFamiliesofFloweringPlants(3rdEdn.)‐J.Hutchinson11. PlantSystematics‐S.B.Jones&L.E.Luchsinger12. AHandbookofSystematicBotany‐S.C.Datta13. Biodiversity–PrinciplesandConservation‐U.Kumar&M.J.Asija14. AdvancesinEthnobotany‐A.P.Das&A.K.Pandey15. PlantSystematics‐GurucharanSingh16. TextBookofPlantTaxonomy‐V.N.Naik