New taxa and new combinations in AustralianPittosporaceae By Eleanor M. Bennettx Abstract The following lour new species are described.-Billurdiera unifrorc, Bursaria occidentalis, Bwsaria lasiophyllaand, Cheirunthera ahernifolia.In addit ion l2 new varieties are described- I in Cheiraniheq,9 in Bursaria and 2in Billardiera. The genus Rhltidosporrtn F. Muell, is Dlaced in synonymy under Billardiera. A rcvised systematic arrangement within the genus -Blllarrliara is outlined. Introduction The following new names and new combinations are published in order to validate their inclusion in a forthcoming paper on the Pittosporaceae. This it is hoped will appear as a family part in the proposed Flora of Australia. ADart from the Dublication of a number of new combinations and the description of severai new species and varieties, a revised classification of the genus Billartliera is provided. The division into sections is based on the fruit. and that into series on overall morphology since it is considered that the use of fruit characters alone is insulicient to provide natural groupings within the sections. Billardiera In a previous paper (1972) I combined the then two accepted genera BillarJiera anrf Mariantlws rmder the former name. McGillivray (1975) reinstated the genus Rhytidosporum F. Muell. (which was included under Marianthus by Bentham) and which I have here placed in synonymy under Billqrdiera seriesProcumbentes. The species described undet Rhltidosporum have a habit and capsule similar to those of the Western Australian Billardiera li1losc. Because Billardiera already shows much morphological variation between species it seems better to consider Rhytidosporum as belonging to it also. In the following systematic arrangement I have decided to follow the previously accepted characters and to divide the genus into two sectiols based on the fruit. In the sectiol Billardiera, two series have been made, based on the number of loculi in the ovary. Series Biloculares shows variation in the corolla, but a division below sertes seems unwauanted. In the section Ma,.iqnthLts sevetal characters have been used in combination to distinguish the series. 1. Habit; typically the plants are twiners but in one series they are low or br.tshy shrubs. 2. Flower: whether the petals are free or coherent. 3. Fruit; a considerable amount of variation is present particularly in the shape and method of dehiscence. The series Parriforae I believe to be the "bridging" group between the two sections. Thjs series has a loculicidally dehiscent capsule, but is distinct from the other series in having pithy compartments for the seeds. In the * Cl Western Australian Herbarium, George Street, South Pe.th,Western Aust(alia 6151, 184
Transcript
New taxa and new combinations in Australian Pittosporaceae
By Eleanor M. Bennettx
Abstract
The following lour new species are described.-Billurdiera unifrorc, Bursaria occidentalis,Bwsaria lasiophyllaand, Cheirunthera ahernifolia. In addit ion l2 new varieties are described-I in Cheiraniheq,9 in Bursaria and 2in Billardiera. The genus Rhltidosporrtn F. Muell,is Dlaced in synonymy under Billardiera. A rcvised systematic arrangement within thegenus -Blllarrliara is outlined.
Introduction
The following new names and new combinations are published in orderto validate their inclusion in a forthcoming paper on the Pittosporaceae.This it is hoped will appear as a family part in the proposed Flora of Australia.
ADart from the Dublication of a number of new combinations and thedescription of severai new species and varieties, a revised classification ofthe genus Billartliera is provided. The division into sections is based on thefruit. and that into series on overall morphology since it is considered thatthe use of fruit characters alone is insulicient to provide natural groupingswithin the sections.
Billardiera
In a previous paper (1972) I combined the then two accepted generaBillarJiera anrf Mariantlws rmder the former name. McGillivray (1975)reinstated the genus Rhytidosporum F. Muell. (which was included underMarianthus by Bentham) and which I have here placed in synonymy underBillqrdiera series Procumbentes. The species described undet Rhltidosporumhave a habit and capsule similar to those of the Western Australian Billardierali1losc. Because Billardiera already shows much morphological variationbetween species it seems better to consider Rhytidosporum as belonging toit also.
In the following systematic arrangement I have decided to follow thepreviously accepted characters and to divide the genus into two sectiols basedon the fruit. In the sectiol Billardiera, two series have been made, based onthe number of loculi in the ovary. Series Biloculares shows variation in thecorolla, but a division below sertes seems unwauanted.
In the section Ma,.iqnthLts sevetal characters have been used in combinationto distinguish the series.
1. Habit; typically the plants are twiners but in one series they are low orbr.tshy shrubs.
2. Flower: whether the petals are free or coherent.
3. Fruit; a considerable amount of variation is present particularly in theshape and method of dehiscence.
The series Parriforae I believe to be the "bridging" group between thetwo sections. Thjs series has a loculicidally dehiscent capsule, but is distinctfrom the other series in having pithy compartments for the seeds. In the
* Cl Western Australian Herbarium, George Street, South Pe.th, Western Aust(alia 6151,184
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B I G N O N I A E
$VONCOSPOREAE
PAR,l{ I FLORAE U N I L O C U L A R E S
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Twiners. F/owers solitary or in few-flowered corymbs, Pela/s free-lanceolate or linear. Capsule loculicidally dehiscent, ovoid or cylindrical,glabrous.
Included species: Billarcliera granulata (Turcz.) E.M. Bennett, B. drummondianq(Putterl.) E.M. Bennett, B. coeruleo-punctatq (Klotsch) E.M. Bennett.
Series 6: Parviflorae E.M. Bennett, ser. nov. (Fig. I h)
Marianthus ser. Norm.tles Benth., Fl. Austr. l:116(1863), in part, not asto lectotype.
Marianthus sertes Procumbentes Berth., loc. cit, in part, not as to lectotype.
Type species: Billardiera parviflora DC.
Cd?sa1a dehiscentia loculicidalis seminibus in carpellis fibtosis inclusis.
Slender twiner. Inflorescence corymbose with up to 5 flowers. Pela/.tfree, linear. Capsule loculicrdally dehiscent with fibrous compartments inwhich the seeds are embedded.
Included species: Billardiera parviflora DC.
Section lI: Billardiera
Bil lqrdiera Sm., Spec. Bot. New Holl. l :t. l(1793). Type. B. scandens Sm.
Fruit a berry.
Series l: Biloculares E.M. Bennett, ser. nov. (Fig. 1i)
Section Eubillerdiera Pax in Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. lII,2a : 113(189 l ) nom. i l l eg .
Type species: Billardierq scandens Sm.
Bacca bicellularis, rt/1o brevi, < 5 mm longo. semrrr. in endocarpo medulloso inclusa.
Berry 2-celled, style short, .< 5 mm long. Seeds embedded in pithyendocarp.
Included species: Billardiera scandens Sm., B. coriqcea Benth., ,8. foribunda(Putterl.) F. Muell., B. wriiJbliq DC, B. sericeq (Turcz.) E.M. Bennett, B.Iaxifora (Benth.) E.M. Bennett, B. lehmannianq F. Muell., B. sericophoraF. Muell.,,. cymosaF. Muell.,,8. versicolor F.Muell., B. unifloraE M. Bennett.
Bil lardiera scandens Sm. var. sericata E.M. Bennett, var. nov. (Fig.2 A-C).
Type:Porl Lincoln, South Aushalia, -/V.1. Brolre (HOLOTYPE: MEL 63268)-
Twiner or creeper up to 1 rn high. Learcs ltnear to narrow-lanceolate,erlt ire or crenate, shortly petiolate, l4 50 x I 9 mm, glabrous to sparselypubescent on surface, often densely pubescent along margins. Flowcrs solitary,occasionally 2 3 together, pendulous or erect, cream or white, occasionallysullused purple. Pedicels 9 14 mrn, glabrous. Sepals ovatelalceolate,glabrous, margin cil iate (2)4-6 x 0 5-l mm. Petals free, lanceolate, 12 16mm, Jamina i 4 mm wide. Olar.y glabrous or hirsute.
Distibution: In South Australia within 60 km S and SE of Adelaide, aroundPort Lincoln, and on Kangaroo lsland.
This species differs from B. scandens in the sepals, which are shorter,not as pubescent and do not have a prominent midvein. lt differs l iom B.yersicolor in having few pendulous flowers, ionger sepals, more spreadingpetals, and in the nargins of the leaves not being closely revolute. The speci6cepithet refers to the inflorescence which is usually l-f lowered.
Series 2: Uniloculares E.M. Bennett ser. nov. (Fig. Jj)
Sccttor. Billaftlieriopsrs Pax in Engler and Prantl, Nat. PJanzerrfam. III,2a : I l3 (1891) norn . i l l eg .
Type species: Billardiera longiflora La,6i1l.Sacca unicellularis siDe medulla; rI'1y'rr :' 5 nlm longus.Berry 1-celled without pith; style > 5 nrm long.
Bil lardiera longiflora Labil l., Nov. Holl. Pl. l:64, 1.89(1805)
Bil lardiera longiflora Labil l. var. ovalis (Lindl.) E.M. Bennett, stat. et comb. nov.
Basionym: Bil lartl iera olalrs Lind1., Bot. Reg. t.1719 (1834).
This variety differs from the typical one in having broad lanceolate orovate leaves with revolute margirrs; in the var. longiflora the leaves are l inearto lanceolate and flat.
Bursaria
Bursaria incana Lindl. in Mitch., Trop. Aust. 224(1848)
Bursaria incana Lindl. var. septentrionalis E.M. Bennett, var. nov. (Fig. 3 A-D).
Orariunt tnca]f,urn. li1lalrl.r pubescens.
Type: East slopes of Spider Sumnrit lear Mareeba (Maruba.) Queensland;2 0 A p r i l 1 9 6 1 . D . W . G o o d u l l T H O L O I Y P E : B R I 0 4 1 1 2 8 ) .
Orarl hoary-pubescenl. Fruit pubescent.
Disttibution: Cook district of Queensland.This variety diffen from the typical one in the hoary ovary and fruit,
which in var. incanq ate glabrous. The epithet refers to the northern distri-bution of the taxon.
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6 rle). elatus, usque ad 2.5 nlnt ahus. Fora 2 .f-fasciculata, ovata, obovata ad lance-olata, glabra vel sparsim pubescentia supra, cinerea ad albida vel auiea incana subtus;marginesplaniad revoluti. htfiorcsecentia ab ftcemo ad paniculam parce ramosam varians, pubeacensvel glabra, axillaris vel in ramulo axillari terminalis. ,S.'pald linearilanceolata; decidua.Orar-ram glabrum vel pubescens.
Tlpe: East bank of Queanbeyan River above Woolcara Captain FIat, NewSouth Wales, Jan. 1963, Walker (HOLOTY PE: CANB l2l106; ISOTYPE:NSW)
Tall shrub up to 2 5 m high: young stems hoary becoming glabrescent.Leares 2 4 together, ovate, obovate to lanceolate, glabrous or with scatteredpubescence above, g rey towh i te o r go lden hoary be low, 4 30x2 l0mm:marg inflat to revolute. InJlorescence varying from a raceme to a sparsely branchldpanicle, pubescent or glabrous, axil lary, or terminal to axil lary branchlets. SepalsI 2 x 0 5 mm, l inear-lanceolate, deciduous, cil iate - glabrous. Or,ary glabrousto pubescent 2-4 mm high; style 0. 5-1 mm long, glabrous. Capsale glabrousor pubescent at base and along midline 4-7 x 5 8 mm.
This species differs from Bn saria itcana in that the panicle and under-surface of the leaf are not densely hoary, and the sepals are not hoary. Itdiffers from Bursatia spi osa (rvhich is glabrous) in having a somewhat hoaryundersurface to the leaf, and lrom Bursaria longisepala in having deciduoussepals, The specil ic epithet refers to the hoary undersurface ofthe leaf.
Bursaria lasiophylla var. lasiophvlla. (Fi-q. a A-C)
lcar,e.r obovate 6 14 x 3 4 mm glabrous or with scattered hairs on uppersurface. Petals glabrous 4-5 .5 x I 2 nm. Olary glabrous 2 4 mm.Di.\tribulion: Southern New South Wales and northern to north eastern Victoria.
Bursaria lasiophylla var. albicoma E.M. Bennett, var. nov. (Fig. 4 D-F)
Fotd linearilanceolata: apicibus recurvis - uncinatis. Parlcrlae pubescentes, in ranrulisaxil laribus terminales. Or,.rrl-rrr albidum rncanum.?r.,pe. Harrison Creek Gully. South Australia. 2 Aug. 1958. D.N. Kraehenbuehls.n. (HOLOTYPE : AD96422084)
Zeales l inear-lanceolate. 9-30 x 5 l0 nm: apex recurved and + uncinate.Palicle shortly pubescent, terminal on axillary branchlets. O |ar-_r, densclywhite hoary. 3-4 mn high.
Di,rtrihutiotl:Palmer to Mannum areas of South Australia.
This variety diffcrs from the tvpical variety in havirrg broader, Jongerleaves and a hoary ovary, the epithet referring to the latter character.
Bursaria lasiophylla var. atriplicina E.M. Bennett, var. nov. (Fig. 4 G-J)
T1,pe: Talbrngo,22 miles frorr Tumut, New South Wales, May 1911, H.E.Z//er (HOLOTYPE: NSW)
ZeareJ lanceolate, (10) l+30 x 2 6 mm; margin revolute. Ponicle shorllypubescent, termirlal or axll lary. Petals 3-4 x 0.75 1 mm. Ot'ary glabrous,2 4 rn rn h igh . . t y le 0 5 0 75 mm long. g labror rs .
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Distfibution: Eastetn areas of central and southern New South Wales. extendinginto the south eastern and western areas of Victoria.
The epithet refers to the resemblance of the Ieaves to those of some speciesof Atriplex.
Bursaria lasiophylla var. parvifolia E.M, Bennett, var. nov. (Fig. 4 K-L)
aolr. ovatolanceolata, glabra vel = pubescentia, deinderamosae, incanae- Otar,rt?? l€viter ad dense pubescens.
Type: M| Wil l iam, Victoria, Feb. 1872, D. Sul l ivn66145)
glabresceniia. Pan ic ulae
(HOLOTYPE: MEL
lea|es ovatelanceolate, 4 6 x 2-3 mm, glabrous or + pubescent becomingglabrescent. ,4xil/rir'-r, spines slender, 7-12 mm long. Panicle racernose';hortly hoary pubescent. Sepalt ovate. Olarl sl ightly to densely pubescent.
Distribution: Inglervood to Stawell in western Victoria.
This variety differs from the other varieties in the small leaves (to whichthe epithet refers) and in the racemose panicle.
Bursaria occidentalis E.M. Bennett, sp. nov. (Fig. 3 E-H)
F/-r4?-r vel arbor parvai rami spinis lateralibus. Folia linearia,lanceolata, oblanceolataad obovata, 4 ad nodan fasciata, infra dense albido-incana, sllpra parce et brcviter pubes-ce lia- Inflotesrc tlc, race'nus, racemus corymbosus, \el panicula parce ramosa, tenninalis.Sepa1, deltoidea, incana persistentia. Orarrit, glabrum.
Ipe: 10 nri les from turnoff to Useless Loop from Denham Road, Shark Bay,
Western Australja, 3 Sept. 1975, E.M. Bennett 3315 (HOLOTYPE: PERTH)
Shrub or small tree, branches with lateral thorns. Zeat'es l inear tolanceolate, oblanceolate to obovate, solitary or up to 4 cluster€d at node,20-65 x 3 I 3 m m, undersurface densely wh ite hoary, upper surface with scatteredshort pubescence. Itdlorescence terminal to branchlets, a raceme, corymboseracenre or a very sparsely branched panicle. Peclicels hoary ' Sepals1-2 x I 1.5 mm deltoid, acute, hoary, persistent. Petals 5 8 x 1-l 5 mm'crean, 3-nerved. Stsnens 4 6 mm long. Olarl glabrous, 2 4 nm high.Capslle glabrous, round, 6 9 x 8 12 mm.
Di;tributioil: Fron Shark Bay-Geraldton area south east to the Kalgoorliearea of Western Australia.
This species differs from B. incana. to whjch it js most closely related,in the panicle being terminal to the short lateral branchlets, the floweringbranches bearing lateral thorns and in the sepals having an obvious midvein.Bursaria incono has a panicle terminal to the long branches. the floweringbranches unarmed and the sepals hoary, obscuring any venation. The epithetoccidetltalis refen to the western distribution of the species.
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