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New Technologies- Tires -
Paul Johnston
Michelin North America
Greenville, SC
New Technology - Tires
What is accelerating the adoption of New Technologies?
– Fuel Costs
– Freight Efficiencies
– Environmental Concerns
– Regulatory & Legislative Landscape
New GenerationNew Generation
Wide Base SingleWide Base Single(NGWBS)(NGWBS)
It is tirereplacing duals
Moving from 18 10 Wheels on the Ground
18 wheels
10 wheels
Traditional
“Super Single”425/65R22.5
New Generation
Wide Base Single445/50R22.5
Super Single vs NGWBSSuper Single vs NGWBS
How do the footprints compare?
NGWBS
445/50R22.5
Duals
275/80R22.5
Traditional “Super Single”
445/65R22.5
What Benefits does the NGWBS provide?
Cost Reduction– Improved fuel efficiency,
approximately 4% - 10%
Freight Efficiencies– Greater payload, savings of 175 – 200 lbs / axle– Fewer trucks on the road– Ease of maintenance
Reduced Carbon Footprint– Better fuel mileage (lower Rolling Resistance)…..…….fewer Greenhouse Gas emissions
…resulting in a more competitive Transport Industry!
Fuel Savings
Where Does Your Fuel Go?
Aerodynamic Drag
Mechanical Losses
Rolling Resistance
At 60 mph, aerodynamic drag consumesapproximately 40% of the fuel.
Mechanical losses consume approximately25% of the fuel.
Rolling resistance accounts forapproximately 35% of the fuel consumed.
What does a Department of Energy (DOE) Study show?
Improvements in Fuel Economy with Various Combinations of Tires on Class 8 Tractor Trailers
Benefit vs
duals only
Benefit using only
wide singles
Fact #537: September 22, 2008
NGWBS on Class 8 Tractor Trailers Improves Fuel Economy by 9.2%
Oak Ridge Lab; 750,000 real-world miles; 1 year test
9.2% => approx $1.1m fuel savings for a Fleet of 175 power units
($6,539 per tractor)
Freight Efficiencies
How does the NGWBS TireAllow for Greater Payload?
How the NGWBS TireSaves 175+ lbs per Axle
DUALS NGWBS(Aluminum Wheels) (Aluminum Wheels)
Tire/Wheel x Qty. Tire/Wheel x Qty.
Steer 170 x 2 = 340 160 x 2 = 320
Drive 175 x 8 = 1,400 248 x 4 = 992
Trailer 149 x 8 = 1,192 229 x 4 = 916
Total 2,932 lbs. vs 2,228 lbs.
704 Pounds Savings
DUALS NGWBS(Steel Wheels) (Aluminum Wheels)
Tire/Wheel x Qty. Tire/Wheel x Qty.
Steer 195 x 2 = 390 160 x 2 = 320
Drive 200 x 8 = 1,600 248 x 4 = 992
Trailer 174 x 8 = 1,392 229 x 4 = 916
Total 3,382 lbs. vs 2,228 lbs.
1,154 Pounds Savings
WEIGHT SAVINGS EXAMPLES
Reference
Duals – G305 Fuel Max, G372, G316 Fuel Max
X Ones – XZA3, XOne XDA, XOne XTA
Efficiencies gained:
an extra 100 – 165 gallons fuel for bulk hauler….
Environmental Impact
How the New Generation Wide Base Tire Saves OilHow the New Generation Wide Base Tire Saves Oil
Dual Tire
12 Gal
Dual Tire
12 Gal
Wide Base
15 Gal
SmartWay
EPA
Bulletin:
Single Wide
Tires
MICHELIN® X One® Tires
Since its introduction in 2000, MICHELIN® X One® tires have helped save
– 63 million gallons of fuel, and
– 639,000 metric tons of CO2 emissions
– the equivalent of removing 127,800 cars from the road
Regulatory & Legislative Environment
INDUSTRY NEWS
Legislative Changes
Energy Independence & Security Act 2007 CARB impact
Clean Air Act
2010 Presidential directive for Fuel Efficiency & GHG standards
EPA / NHTSA Joint NPRMEPA / NHTSA Joint NPRMGHG Emissions & FE Standards GHG Emissions & FE Standards
Medium and Heavy-Duty Engines and VehiclesMedium and Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles
EPA GHG emissions standards– Implementation MY 2014
NHTSA fuel efficiency standards– Implementation
• MY 2014 voluntary compliance with credits available.• MY 2016 mandatory compliance to “average“.
Metrics
Vehicle Class CO2 Fuel Efficiency
Class 2b
Pickups, vans
grams/mile gallons/100-mile
Class 3 – 8
Work, vocational, tractors
grams/ton-mile gallons/1,000 ton-mile
Each standard will be assigned a CO2 emission target
Aerodynamic features with lower Cd 7 gCO2/ton-mile
Low RR tires (lower drive and steer Crr) 5 gCO2/ton-mile
Idle reduction timer (shuts down after 5 min) 5 gCO2/ton-mile
Reduced weight (wide single tires) 3 gCO2/ton-mile
New 2014 standard target = 80 gCO2/ton-mile
EXAMPLE: Raised Roof Sleeper w/Trailer
Note: Default engine to be used; Engine per OEM measured separately
Figures are for illustration only
source: Volvo Mack 2010 ATA Panel
2010 Baseline = 100 gCO2/ton-mile2010 Baseline = 100 gCO2/ton-mile
Below are the ONLY credit options to meet Standards :
NG
WB
S im
pact
What does Industry want?
…. uniformity & harmonization….
Industry Standards & Government Regulations
U.S. States - NGWBS U.S. States - NGWBS LCV Oversize/Overweight Permitted Operations OnlyLCV Oversize/Overweight Permitted Operations Only
(GVW > 36,364 kg / 80,000 lbs)(GVW > 36,364 kg / 80,000 lbs)
US permit-issued operation (O/S, O/W, LCV)
– “... each axle (non-steering) must have 4 tires ...”
• South Dakota, New York,
– “... two tires at each end of each axle ...”
• Kansas,
– “... minimum axle width ...”
• California
– Limitation of 500 lpi (pounds per inch tire width)
• Montana, Nevada, S.Dakota, Washington, Utah (500 lbs LCV)
(Modified 6/13/11 – SL)
Industry Standards & Government Regulations
U.S. States - NGWBS U.S. States - NGWBS LCV Oversize/Overweight Permitted Operations OnlyLCV Oversize/Overweight Permitted Operations Only
(GVW > 36,364 kg / 80,000 lbs) (GVW > 36,364 kg / 80,000 lbs)
DC
Alaska
Hawaii
Forms of State restrictions
CA - specific minimum axle width
TX - 2 axle 35’ – 45’ bus
LA - rear axles of waste disposal trucks (Modified 6/13/11 – SL)
What About Effect on the Roads?
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1 3 5 7 9Tread No.
Con
tact
Pre
ssur
e (k
Pa)
X One Tire
Dual Tire1
Dual Tire2
Source: 2004 Dr. Al-Qadi / VaTech Transportation Institute
Regulatory Environment - Pavement
Slide to be used only with written permission of Michelin Americas Research Company
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Rib Number
Stre
ss (
kPa)
New Wide-base(445/50R22.5)
Conventional Wide-base(425/65R22.5)
Dual (drive)
New wide-base (2nd size) 455/55R22.5
Contact Stress between the Tire and Pavement Surface
Actual Tire Imprints
Tire Contact Stresses
Measurements indicate comparable levelsof contact stresses between NGWBS and duals.
Source: 2009 Florida DOT
Summary: Benefits provided by the NGWBS
Cost Reduction
Freight Efficiencies
Reduced Carbon Footprint
Industry Position: new generation wide base singlenew generation wide base single
Net Positive Economic/Environmental Gainwhen balancing the pro’s v con’s
…..the New Generation Wide Base Single tire is the
future of tire technologyfuture of tire technology….. ….. Today!Today!
Thank You !Thank You !