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’confined his remarks to the medical aspect of it. Dr.J. L. Turnbull (Goderich) dealt with the surgical side ofthe question, stating that it was his practice when pus waspresent to take out a portion of a rib about one and ahalf inches in length. Particular attention should alwaysbe paid to the hard fibrous tissue which was always presentbeneath the ribs. The Open-air Treatment of Diseasewas the subject of a paper by Dr. George H. Carveth

(Toronto), who described his method of treating diseases,firstly in rooms with wide-open windows ; secondly, on

verandahs ; and, thirdly, in tents on the lawns. Some ofthe cases which he had treated in this way were iritis, casesof fracture, cases of the radical cure of hernia, rheumatoidarthritis, tuberculous disease of the spine, typhoid fever, anda case of hysterectomy. When once accustomed to open-airlife there was great difficulty in getting patients to returnindoors. Dr. L. Coyteux Prevost (Ottawa) read a lengthypaper on the Use of Nitrous Oxide and Ether as an anæs-

thetic. The Complications and Degenerations of FibroidTumours of the Uterus with reference to the treat-ment of these growths was a subject ably dealt with byDr. Charles Noble (Philadelphia). Dr. Arthur Mayburry(Toronto) contributed a paper on the Relation of NasalObstruction to Obscure Cases of Asthma ; while Dr.J. T. Duncan (Toronto) read a paper on the Import-.ance of an Early Recognition of Locomotor Ataxia. Hereferred chiefly to the eye symptoms as aids to an earlydiagnosis. Dr. D. J. Gibb Wishart spoke on the use of.adrenalin which lie had found very useful as a haemostaticin many cases. He considered it to be a valuable adjunct tothe medical man’s armamentarium. Another important dis-cussion took place on Gastric Ulcer. Dr. R. D. Rudolf

.(Toronto) opened this discussion, speaking of the relation ofcancer to ulcer, the value of ergot, the question of diagnosingthe site of the ulcer, and whether cases of apparentlyI I cured" gastric ulcer are "first-class lives" for insur-ance. Dr. H. B. Anderson, Pathologist to TrinityMedical College, dealt with the pathological aspectlucidly, while Dr. Henry Howitt contributed an

exhaustive paper on the surgical aspect. In disten-sion it was Dr. Hewitt’s practice to evacuate the bowels.One or more small incisions in the prominent coilssoon overcame the distension and each one was closedbefore another was made. 11 On the Relation of Hyper-acidity of the Stomach to Bilious Attacks, some Formsof Eczema, Muscular Rheumatism, and Gout," was thetitle of a paper contributed by Dr. Graham Chambers(Toronto) and it exhibited careful observation on the partof the writer. In the medical treatment of surgicaltuberculosis Dr. W. B. Thistle (Toronto) thought that in

surgical tuberculosis the medical treatment was too often

neglected and that cases would do better if medical treat-ment were added to the surgical. Dr. Walter McKeown

(Toronto) dealt with the treatment of Post-operative Peri-tonitis. A committee was appointed to report on the

propriety of establishing a medical defence union in Ontario ;,and a resolution was unanimously passed upholding theaction of the Ontario Medical Council in enforcing payment-of the annual$2.00 assessment. The following were the- omcers elected : President, Dr. N. A. Powell (Toronto) ;-first vice-president, Dr. R. Ferguson (London, Ontario) ;second vice-president, Dr. R. W. Garrett (Kingston) ; third

vice-president, Dr. L. C. Prevost (Ottawa) ; general secre-

tary, Dr. Harold C. Parsons (Toronto) ; assistant secretary,Dr. George Elliott (Toronto) ; treasurer, Dr. A. R. Gordon

(Toronto). Toronto was selected as the next place of

.meeting.Toronto, July 8th.

___________________

NEW YORK.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

Passengers’ Rights on Eleotrio Street Cars.ACCIDENTS due to the haste of conductors are of almost

.daily occurrence on street cars. However expeditious in hismovements the passenger may be he is constantly orderedby the conductor to "hurry up" or to "step lively,"whether he be leaving or entering a car. The cause ofthe accident is generally the starting of the car beforethe passenger is safely on or off, as the case may be.

’Generally he has grasped the handle of the car lest he shouldfall and he clings to it, being dragged along, in his effort

to recover his footing. The courts put a liberal constructionupon the rights of passengers on these cars. In a recent casea man sued the Street Railway Company for injuries receivedwhile trying to board one of their cars. He had grasped thehandrail and waited for other passengers to enter the car;the start was made with a jerk and he was only partially onthe car, having his left foot on the step. He was thrown off.but ran along side of the car, endeavouring to board it, whenhe was hit by a projection in the street hiding a hole in thepavement ; this blow threw him into the hole. His suit wasat first dismissed, but on appeal the first decision was pro-nounced to be an error and the court held that the defendantwas bound to give the plaintiff time to board the car, andthe evidence proved that reasonable time was not allowedand that in this respect the defendant was negligent. Thecourt held that the plaintiff was not guilty of contributorynegligence ; having hold of the car and being about to boardit, it suddenly started, thereby presenting an emergency whichrequired the exercise of judgment as to the best course tobe followed to prevent injury. If to avoid being throwndown by the car he held on to the rail to steady himself untilhe could let go in safety it was certainly not negligence as amatter of law. But for the existence of this trench in theroadway alongside of the track, which he had not observed,he would probably have escaped injury by adopting thecourse which he did, but his falling into the trench wascaused by his being dragged along by the car. It seemeclto the court that the question of contributory negligence wasone for the jury. If the car had not started the plaintiffcould have got aboard safely. It, however, started when hehad hold of the car and the sudden jerk carried him alongwith it, and if he, to avoid falling, kept hold of the car untilhe could regain his equilibrium, and in so doing was by themomentum of the car thrown into this trench, it was thesudden starting of the car and the motion contributed bythe car to the plaintiff which caused him to fall into thetrench from which he sustained the injury for which hesought to recover.

Foreign Relatiuns of the Anierican lfledical Association.It appears from the address of the President of the

American Medical Association, Dr. C. A. Reed, that this

society had accredited delegates during the last year toseveral foreign medical conventions, notably the Inter-national Medical Congress at Paris, the Dominion MedicalAssociation of Canada, the Mexican National Association, andthe Pan-American Medical Congress at Havana. With eachof these organisations the American Medical Associationsustains relations of peculiar intimacy. As one of the greatscientific nations of the earth the United States is naturallvan integral part of the International Medical Congress. Thisassociation by resolution presented by its present president,took the initiative in 1891 in organising the Pan-AmericanMedical Congress. The first reunion of that Congress washeld in Washington in 1893 under the presidency of the latelamented Dr. Pepper; the second was held in the city ofMexico in 1896 under the presidency of Dr. Carmona y Valle;and the third was convened during the last few monthsin the city of Havana under the distinguished president, Dr.Juan Santos Fernandez. The object of this movement is theestablishment of closer relations between the medical pro-fession of the different countries of the Western Hemisphere.Excellent fruit has already been borne in the increasedpatronage of our medical schools from the far South; inthe improved status of American medical practitioners inLatin America; in the better understanding of quarantinequestions in the different countries ; and in the developmentof concerted action in the investigation of the medical floraof the Western Hemisphere.

A National Pharmaceutical Laboratory.The movement for a memorial fittingly to perpetuate the

name of William Proctor, jun., was started some monthsago by the American Pharmaceutical Association. Its growthhas been vigorous and pharmacists in various parts of thecountry have become identified with the plan. WilliamProctor, jun., was one of the best-known pharmacistsof his day, and by some persons now living he hasbeen called the "Father of Pharmacy." Something willbe done in the near future in memory of the resultswhich he obtained in his efforts to enlarge the knowledgeof pharmacy and to elevate the calling of the pharmacist.The present proposition is to establish a National Pharma-ceutical Research Laboratory. If this should fail of

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realisation, the New York State Pharmaceutical Associa-tion, with which the project originated, would urge thatthe name of William Proctor, jun., should be perpetuatedand be made widely known to future generations byfounding scholarships bearing his name at colleges of

pharmacy here, or that medals for conspicuously meritoriouswork in any of the branches of pharmacy should be given.July 18th.

AUSTRALIA.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

O?ttbrea7e of Small-pox.SOME time ago Western Australia altered the quarantine

regulations of that State and relieved ships carrying surgeonsfrom medical inspection, pratique being granted on thecertificate of the ship’s surgeon that there was no infectiousdisease on board. In South Australia.the chairman of theBoard of Health, Dr. Ramsay Smith, is an advocate of sur-veillance, as opposed to strict quarantine, and is supportedin his views by the Premier of the State. The latter hascommunicated with the Federal Premier of Australia, statingthat if the Commonwealth Government does not propose totake over the quarantine department for some time it will benecessary to bring in an amending Quarantine Act in theSouth Australian State Parliament, with this object in view.Power to assume control of quarantine is conferred by theConstitution Act, but the transfer cannot be made till a datefor handing over the quarantine stations has been fixed bythe Commonwealth Parliament. The New South Wales,Victorian, and Queensland authorities uphold strict quaran-tine, but under their several Acts have no power to insist onthe detention in quarantine, in the State, of a patient whoprefers to go on in the vessel to the next port of call, but canonly quarantine those of the passengers or crew who land.The way these varying regulations work out in practice hasbeen well exemplified recently. The steamer Chingtaarrived some six weeks ago at Thursday Island andwas found to have a case of small-pox on board.The authorities then offered to take the patient off and toisolate him, but the captain decided to go on, as he said thepatient could be isolated on board. The steamer went on toSydney and was quarantined there, and small-pox broke outamong the passengers and crew while in quarantine, one

patient dying. In the opinion of Dr. Ashburton Thompson,President of the Board of Health, these patients were allinfected on the voyage between Thursday Island and Sydney,and if quarantine and isolation had been enforced at

Thursday Island the outbreak would not have occurred.More recently the Orient steamer Ormuz arrived atFremantle and was reported free from infectious diseaseby the ship’s surgeon, but, in accordance with the regulationsin West Australia, was not boarded or inspected by the portmedical officer. Free communication took place with theshore, passengers landed, and other passengers embarked forthe eastern ports. On reaching Adelaide the port medicalofficer boarded and was again informed that there was noinfectious disease on board, but as strict precautionswere being taken with regard to plague he pro-ceeded to inspect the passengers and crew. Havingcompleted the inspection of the passengers he allowed themails to go ashore and visitors to come on board. While

inspecting the crew he found a man sick and was told by theship’s surgeon that it was not an infectious case. The portofficer, however, thought it was small-pox, went ashore and gotanother opinion and the advice of the President of the Boardof Health, and his opinion being confirmed ordered the shipand all on board into quarantine. The Adelaide passengersand visitors were landed at the quarantine station. The Orna2tzwent on to Melbourne, where the Melbourne passengerswere quarantined, and the original patient was isolatedat the sanatorium. Then the ship went on to Sydney, wherethe remaining passengers were quarantined. When theAdelaide passengers had been 11 days in quarantine Dr.Ramsay Smith advised that they should be released andkept under surveillance. The Melbourne and Sydneyauthorities, however, objected and the very next day twocases of small-pox developed among the passengers quaran-tined at Adelaide. Meanwhile, among those quarantinedat Melbourne six cases of small-pox developed, and amongthose quarantined in Sydney 19 cases, one fatal. One of thecases at Adelaide occurred in a passenger from Fremantle,

so that here again the disease was caught on the voyagebetween the first Australian port, Fremantle, and the next,port of call, and the whole outbreak, involving very heavyexpense indeed, could have been avoided by proper measuresat Fremantle. Further, at Fremantle itself the policemanon duty on the Ormuz while there has been attacked with-small-pox. In Sydney two cases of small-pox have occlurellamong the general inhabitants who had no communicationwhatever with the infected vessels, but were probablyinfected from the Chingta cases, and in Adelaide twoof the residents who boarded the Ormuz---a newsboy anda constable-and were quarantined with the passengers havedeveloped small-pox. Yet a third muddle has occurred stillmore recently. When the R.M.S. Arcadia arrived at,.Adelaide the port officer carefully inspected the crew anddiscovered a steward with a suspicious rash ; the diagnosisof small-pox having been confirmed by a second expertopinion, though disputed by the ship’s surgeon, the

ship was quarantined. Some of the Adelaide passengerselected to go on to Melbourne in the ship, others went to thequarantine station, already crowded with the passengers ofthe Ormuz. On arrival at Melbourne the three experts ofthe Board of Health pronounced the case not to be small-

pox and granted the vessel pratique. The 40 Adelaide-

passengers who came on to Melbourne were then sent back

and those who had been quarantined there and mixed withthe Ornam passengers were also released.

Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney.The foundation-stone of the Queen Victoria Memorial wing:

of the Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, was laid on May 31stby H.R.H. the Duke of Cornwall with great eclat. The

Royal party were received by Professor Anderson Stuart,President of the hospital, who read an address giving ahistory of the hospital and detailing the work it hadaccomplished. After the stone had been laid the Duke ofCornwall made the following speech : ’’ It is with deep satisfac-tion that the Duchess and I have taken part in this interest-ing ceremony ; for in the first place I should like to hope thatpossibly our presence here to-day may conduce, even thoughin the smallest degree, to the advancement of the splendidwork which has already been accomplished by the Prince-Alfred Hospital. Then I am proud to think that whether Iturn to the past history of the hospital or try to look into rtnfuture I find a close association with it and my family. His

Majesty the King is its patron. It found its birth in the.

loyal outburst of thankfulness on the part of the people ofNew South Wales for the recovery of mv dear uncle, theDuke of Edinburgh, from the result of a dangerous attack

upon his life. In the title, ’Queen Victoria Memorial

Pavilions,’ which you have chosen for the new buildings,the foundation-stone of which I have had the honour of

laying to-day, you identify them for ever with the imperish-able memory of our late dearly beloved Sovereign. I doubtwhether under the circumstances any more fitting memorialto that great life could have been chosen, for sympathy withthe suffering was an all-pervading element in the noble andbeautiful character of her who was your first patron and withwhose name the hospital will now be associated for all time.Another personal connexion exists in the fact that 20 yearsago my dear brother and I visited the hospital, then unopened,and that to-day I have been allowed to inaugurate what willbe the completion of the originally conceived scheme.Since that time the hospital, thanks to excellent administra-tion, combined with a zealous and able staff, has achievedresults which have earned commendation from a competent.hospital authority who spoke of it as one of the best managedinstitutions in the world. As an example I merely mentionthat since it has been opened in 1883 some 188, 000 people havereceived medical treatment from it either as indoor or out-door patients. The rapidly growing population of your citybrings an ever daily increased demand to such an establish-ment, and it is hoped that these new additions will meet thefurther present requirements for greater accommodation. Iam glad to learn that, thanks to the generosity of the public,,the necessary funds are now almost guaranteed. I feelconfident that you will gladly join with me in offering heartycongratulations to Professor Anderson Stuart and his brotherdirectors, for such liberal support may be taken as a proof ofrecognition by the Government and the community at large-of the inestimable benefits which have been conferred on

your suffering fellow creatures by the institution whose direc-tion was fortunately left in their hands."June 2end.