The Country and the City (1609-1825)

The Settlement of New Amsterdam:

The Dutch West India Company hired Henry Hudson to find the Northwest Passage route to China. He found the area that would become the Hudson Bay.

The Dutch were welcomed by the Lenape Indians. The Dutch discovered that the area was a fur-trading paradise.

Manhattan was bought from the Lenape and became the center of the colony.

The Country and the CityPeter Stuyvesant:• The New Amsterdam colony was unruly, and drinking and

fighting was widespread. Stuyvesant was appointed Director-General by the Dutch West India Company to bring order and productivity to the colony.

• Stuyvesant enacted strict rules and regulations on the colonists. He built up the colony into a city and built a wall around it.

• The colony grew and expanded rapidly and became ethnically diverse. Stuyvesant was concerned that the colony would become uncontrollable. He begrudgingly allowed groups such as Jews to enter the colony.

• The British invaded the colony harbor to take it. Stuyvesant was determined not to give up the colony, but the colony merchants petitioned him to surrender. They did not want to face a battle they found pointless. They really didn't care who governed them as long as they could continue to capitalize on the businesses they created.

• The British gained New Amsterdam and renamed it New York.

The Country and the CityAlexander Hamilton: He encouraged New Yorkers to resist

the British crown and be autonomous and independent. He wanted a stronger central government

Hamilton was a skilled economist and he brought an economic recovery to New York. He helped found New York's first bank.

As secretary of the Treasury of the United States he established a modern financial system.

City of TomorrowRobert Moses: He shaped major New York cities into

a modern cities by building major bridges, buildings, neighborhoods, parks, roadways, and other public works.

Because of the highways he built, New York became the first city built for the automobile age.

His visionary works inspired future urban development, engineering, and architecture in New York. He was possibly the most influential builder in the state's history.

Many people believed his projects were an essential step out of the Great Depression.

City of Tomorrow (1929 - 1941)Harlem Riots: The first riot occurred in 1935.

It was Harlem's first race riot. Three died and hundreds were wounded, with millions of dollars in damages.

This was considered the first modern form of a race riot.

There were two more Harlem riots in 1943 and 1964.

Some believe the severity of the riot was perpetuated by the influence of modern media.

City of TomorrowThe New Deal: The New Deal of the 1930s was a series of

hugely ambitious economic programs in response to the Great Depression.

The first phase (1933–34) of the New Deal was an effort to provide recovery and relief through programs of agricultural and business regulation, inflation, price stabilization, and public works.

The second phase (1935–41) provided social and economic legislation to benefit the mass of working people.

The New Deal programs employed millions of workers to build the Triborough Bridge, the Lincoln Tunnel, the Holland Tunnel, LaGuardia Airport, the FDR DriveThe New Deal also established and repaired health clinics, libraries, educational facilities, homeless shelters, courthouses, firehouses, police stations, etc.

A Merger That Puts New York on Top New York has traditionally been a center for

innovation and economic progress. America Online sought and successfully bought Time Warner, and New York can possibly inherit the global informational economy.

However, other places such as Southern California, Washington state, the Bay area, and Redmont are competing with New York to become the dominant leader of the new information-based economy.

Two advantages that new york does have are its growing capital markets and its location of port.

In the author's words, “ Although AOL Time Warner will keep a substantial base of operations in Northern Virginia, it is inevitable that the company's real center of gravity will shift to New York, where it can exploit the city's financial infrastructure, strategic experience and capacity to create content.”

This is an important thing to consider because it the shift of the global market in the Information Age is and will be a major point in history.

The Great Transatlantic Migrations There were several factors that

promoted mass immigrant migrations to the Americas, including steamships, industry, agriculture, and lack of political restraints.

America had the largest and most ethnically diverse number of immigrants at the turn of the century.

Immigrants traveled to America for the booming labor market opportunities. They had transportation to get them there.

The Great Transatlantic Migrations Immigrants who came for farmland

opportunities were more likely to stay in America, and those who came for wage labor were more likely to return to their countries of origin and repatriate themselves there.

The pattern of migration and repatriation in America was the same long established pattern of seasonal migration in Europe, on a much larger transcontinental scale.

The trend increased when labor opportunities grew in industry and decreased in agriculture.

The Great Transatlantic Migrations In the 1920s the anti-

immigration movement happened and less immigrants were allowed entrance into the country.

Immigration opponents in the early twentieth century believed too many immigrants were only interested in earning money and leaving, not in becoming US citizens. They were “birds of passage”.

Immigrants were feared because of their possibly anti-American ideologies.