Newfoundland Towards Blue Biorefinery: Sustainable Utilization of Marine
ResourcesDeepika Dave, PhD
Research Scientist
Centre for Aquaculture and Seafood Development
Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland
CANADA
30th May- 1st June, 2016
OUTLINE
• Sustainability of Fisheries• Marine Biorefinery Approach for Sustainability• Centre for Aquaculture and Seafood Development
(CASD)-Capabilities• CASD Initiatives- Biorefinery Strategy
• Sustainability of Fisheries• Marine Biorefinery Approach for Sustainability• Centre for Aquaculture and Seafood Development
(CASD)-Capabilities• CASD Initiatives- Biorefinery Strategy
Ocean Based Biorefinery for the Blue Economy
• Ocean Based Biorefinery • Production of multiple co-products from marine bioresources
• Blue economy • Book written by Gunter Pauli, 2010• A design theory intended to bring natural ecosystems and
economy into harmony and create jobs• Means further development of the “green economy”• Refers to the colour of the sky, the ocean and the Gaia• A different way of designing business by using the resources
available in cascading systems, where the waste of one product becomes the input to create a new cash flow
• Goal is to create jobs, raise incomes, increase quality of life while saving the environment
Sustainable Fisheries
NL Fisheries
Salmonid65%
Mussels35%
Aquaculture Landed Valueby Species, 2014
(Landing : 9240 tonnes-7% of total Canada)(-65% compared to 2013
(Production value: $ 54 million)
Ground fish13%
Pelagic23%
Shellfish63%
Others1%
Capture Fisheries Landed Valueby Species Group, 2014
(Landings: 255,960 tonnes- 30% of Canada)(Landed value: $ 700 million)
Fisheries PROBLEMS• Waste of Resources (27-85% is waste)• Newfoundland Contribute 30% of total waste• Environmental Problems• Disposal Cost• Majority waste goes into Small quantities used for
MARINE BIOREFINERY
Biorefining for what?
Pharma
Healthfood
Cosmetics
Functional food
Food
Animal Feed
Fish meal
We need to move up the value chain
This is what we have
been good at
QuantityPr
ice
Bio-refinery approaches meet asustainable development challenge,the goal being to valorise all thecomponents of a biomass byturning them into higher valueproducts while producing no waste
• Concepts of Green chemistry, Blue Biorefinery, Green Technology , Clean Technology, etc.
• Combination of physical, enzymatic and microbial treatments
BLUE BIOREFINERY: MARINE, SEAFOOD WASTE AND ALGAE
MARINE BIOPROCESSING&
BIOREFINERY DEMONSTRATION
PROJECTS
Centre for Aquaculture and
Seafood Development
CASD Overview
• Comprehensive industrial response unit within the School of Fisheries• 18 scientific and research personnel • Undertake contractual technical support and research services to the
seafood and aquaculture sectors (~40 projects/year)• ISO 9001:2008 Registered
http://www.mi.mun.ca/departments/centreforaquacultureandseafooddevelopment/
Key Area of Applied ResearchAQUACULTURE SEAFOOD PROCESSING MARINE BIOPROCESSING
Dedicated Research Facilities
The most comprehensive and largest pilot plant and applied research facilities of its kind in Canada dedicated to seafood, aquaculture and marine bioprocessing with a combined area of over 2000 m2
Seafood Processing Pilot Plant
Marine Bio-Processing Pilot Plant
Aquaculture Facility
Marine Bio-Processing Laboratory
SEAFOOD PROCESSING Pilot plant
• 1,100 sq. metres• QMP and Food Safety Enhancement Program• Product development kitchen• Sensory analysis lab (taste panels)• Variety of pilot scale processing equipment
CASE STUDY: HPP Snow Crab
Acquire & Install Pilot Scale HPP
Learn how to operate HPP system
Optimize process parameters for snow
crab
Automate meat extraction (patent pending)
RESEARCH AT SEA
Aquaculture Research
• Hatchery & marine site assessments
• Finfish strain assessments• Finfish health & nutrition
• Aquaculture engineering• Finfish processing• Shellfish processing
MARINE BIOPROCESSING PILOT PLANT
MARINE BIOPROCESSING R&D• This 270 square meter facility is equipped with:
• A variety of extraction, concentrating and drying equipment • Extrusion processing equipment• 200 liter batch biodiesel processor• Pilot scale oil extraction equipment• Biotechnology analytical lab
• This facility is available to clients for: • Lab scale isolation of potentially valuable by-products from seafood
waste streams• The purification and concentration of valuable by-products • Pilot scale and Poof of concept prior to commercialization• Conducting industrial workshops
Bioprocessing/BiorefineryValue Chain optimization
Blue Biorefining for NL
Focus on Farmed Atlantic Salmon
Feed Formulation
Grow & Harvest
Process into Fillets/Portions
Unutilized Raw
Materials
TRADITIONAL VALUE CHAIN VALUE CHAIN OF BIOMASS WASTE
Heads
Frames
Gut/Organs
Skin
VALUE CHAIN PRODUCTS
Fish oil
Omega-3 fatty acids
Enzymes
Calcium Hydroxyapatite
OIL and PROTEIN EXTRACTION EQUIPMENTS
Hobart grinder Contherm scraped-surface heat exchanger
Decanter centrifuge
Spray Dryer
Steam Kettle
Flash Evaporator
Reverse osmosis
Biorefining Salmon Co-products
Minerals
Water soluble protein
OilWater and enzymes
Exact time
and temp
Heat/Enzymatic hydrolysis
Heads
Blended guts
Frames and Morts
Atlantic Salmon Oil
Analytes Fillet Guts Heads Frames
Fat (GC/FID) 16.3 90.2 88.9 95.2
Saturated 3.83 17.1 19.6 21.0
Cis-Monounsaturated 5.70 34.4 31.7 33.8
Cis-Polyunsaturated 5.94 35.1 33.9 36.4
Trans Fatty Acids 0.15 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated 4.10 22.9 23.1 25.0
Omega-6 Polyunsaturated 1.83 12.2 10.8 11.3
EPA 1.68 7.93 8.82 9.60
DPA 0.63 4.21 3.77 4.39
DHA 1.42 7.75 8.09 8.47
EPA/DHA ratio 1.18 1.02 1.09 1.13
Omega-3/omega-6 ratio 2.24 1.88 2.14 2.21
BIODIESEL PILOT PLANT
PILOT SCALE BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
Oil Filling
Glycerol
Biodiesel
Transesterification
GENERATOR INSTALLATIONSugarloaf Aquaculture Site, Bay d’Espoir
Focus on Seal
Seal Oil Seal Biodiesel
Biorefinery products
Collagen Coffee
Biomedical Pharmaceutical Food ProductsCosmetics
Focus on Shellfish ExtractsSHRIMP SNOW CRAB
Finished Product
30-65%
Shell Waste
35-70%
SHELL BIOREFINERY
Protein(20-40%)
• Fertilizers• Animal feeds
Chitin(15-40%)
Calcium carbonate(20-50%)
• Pharmaceutical• Agricultural• Soil Treatment• Construction,• Paper Industries
Pigment(7-10%)
• Pharmaceutical• Agricultural• Soil Treatment• Cosmetics• Paper Industries
• Medical• Animal feed additive• Food• Cosmetic
Fractionation
MARKET VALUE OF CHITIN and CHITOSAN
Chitin/Chitosan Market Value $ per Kg
Industrial Grade Chitin $40 - $110
Raw Chitosan ~ $2000
Medical Chitosan $50,000 - $120,000
Chitosan Application
Wound Healing
Biosensor
ECO FRIENDLY METHODS OF CHITIN EXTRACTION
ECO FRIENDLY METHODS OF CHITIN EXTRACTION
CHITIN TO CHITOSAN Yield
Initial Wet Weight of Shells
(kg)
Initial Dry Weight of Shells
(kg)
*ProximateChitin
(%)
TheoreticalChitin Yield
(kg)
Actual Chitin Yield
(kg) (%)
238.20 58.57 24.10 14.11 11.84 83.91
Initial Wet Weight of Chitin
(kg)
Initial DryWeight of Chitin
(kg)
Chitosan Yield
(kg) (%)
3.2 0.88 0.46 52.27
CHITOSAN QUALITY PARAMETERS
TESTS METHODS COMPANY SPECIFICATIONS CHITOSAN
Deacetylation Degree QC-051 78.0 % to 84.0 % 77.3 %
Viscosity QC-037 100-1000 mPa.s (1% chitosan in 0.1N HCl) 336 mPa.sA
Heavy metals EP 2.4.8 (Method F) ≤ 40 ppm < 40 ppm
Bacterial endotoxins QC-023 < 500 EU / g < 250 EU/g
Microbial enumeration QC-022
TAMC: ≤ 2000 CFU/g < 50 CFU/g
TYMC: ≤ 200 CFU/g < 50 CFU/g
CHITIN WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Total Wastewater Generated: 8000 L
Lessons learnt• It is very important to understand the markets before getting started on new marine products.
• Acceptance and palatability are very important while extracting from marine based materials.
• Pure research at university level is very essential to fill out the large gaps between university development to commercialization.
• Pilot plants and infrastructure from harvest to processing and biotechnology are critical because early stage companies cannot invest therefore pilot plants can act as business accelerators.
• Pilot plants can help bring research to the private sector thereby minimizing risk.
• To maximize the market, it becomes essential to educate consumers about ingredients in biomarine based products.
• Generally regulatory approvals take considerably long time of 2 to 3 years so upfront research on requirements is highly essential.
HOW MI CAN HELP?• High level of expertise and know-how
• Platform for pure and proof of concept research prior to commercialization
• Assist with access to funding
• Act as subcontractor to assist with research
• Successful R&D project management with industries andother research institutes
• Assist with design & development
• Taste panels, shelf life studies, new product development
MARINE BIOPROCESSING RESEARCH TEAM
Ms. Heather ManuelDirector
Dr. Deepika DaveResearch Scientist
Mr. Wade MurphyFacility Supervisor
Ms. Sheila TrenholmLaboratory Technologist
Mr. Vegneshwaran V. RamakrishnanMarine Biotechnologist
Ms. Julia PohlingMarine Biotechnologist
Dr. Winny Routray Post Doctoral Fellow
Rakesh RaghunathanPh.D Student
Ruchira SenadheeraMaster Student
Thank you and welcome to
Newfoundland