News presentation(Ethiopia)

5D Eden Lam(9) 5D Chloe Lee(12)

Ethiopialies between latitudes 3° and 15°N near the Equator.

Introduction

Background-Ethiopia 

Officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Located in the Horn of Africa(非洲之角 ) With over 93,000,000 inhabitants Most populous landlocked country in

the world Total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres Capital : Addis Ababa

Climate in Ethiopia

Mean annual rainfall distribution over the country is about 2000 mm

Mean annual temperature distribution over the country varies from about 10℃ over the highlands of northwest, central and southeast to about 35℃ over north-eastern lowlands

•The country has experienced both dry and wet years over the last fifty five 55 years.

•The trend analysis of annual rainfall shows that rainfall remained more or less constant when averaged over the whole country

•There has been a warming trend in the annual minimum temperature over the past 55 years.• It has been increasing by about 0.37 ℃ every ten years.

What are the negative impacts brought by global warming to Ethiopia?

IMPACT

Water: due to increasing evaporation, the availability of clean drinking water is likely to decrease

Health: The warming is further expected to cause an increase in infectious disease, such as malaria, dengue fever etc.

Consequence The late rain and droughts lead to: - Crop loss - Decreased productivity or loss of livestock - Water shortage - Soil erosion - Reduced income from agricultural production - Food insecurity/famines - Decreased ability to meet other basic needs

The impacts of droughts are generally more intense. Crop pests lead to:

- Reduced soil productivity/crop loss - Reduced livestock feed - Loss of livestock - Food insecurity

News

Summary

Land is unsuitable for produce coffee bean Seventy percent of the world’s coffee could be

wiped out by 2080(that predicts a 38 per cent reduction)

Become highly vulnerable to temperature change and other dangers including pests and disease.

“high risk of extinction” Not take into account large-scale deforestation

in coffee-growing areas in South Sudan and Ethiopia.

News

Summary

Increased poverty, water scarcity, and

food insecurity

People added burden of increasingly

unpredictable weather

Editorial Source: Richmond Times-Dispatch, Va.

Aug. 19-2011 -Thursday's Times-Dispatch ran a wire story about southern Ethiopia, a normally green region that drought has turned brown. The drought in Somalia has captured the world's attention and appealed to its compassion. If it does not see rains soon, a fertile area of Ethiopia could extend the scope and severity of the food crisis.

The report recalled Eliza Griswold's "The Tenth Parallel: Dispatches from the Fault Line Between Christianity and Islam." The author toured the sections of the globe where Christianity and Islam meet, not always in happy circumstances. Conflict often occurs. Europe's religious wars may seem like ancient history. In other continents, faith collides.

Griswold also explores environmental considerations. "The Tenth Parallel" indentifies a geographic band dramatically affected by climate change. Warming has made agriculture more difficult. Hunger can breed conflict. Throughout history, humans have waged war over natural resources. Observers say rising food prices contributed to the so-called Arab Spring as economic stress helped to raise simmering political grievances to the boiling point.

There is a reason geopolitical analysts study climate change's implications for national security and peace worldwide. Africa has seen drought before and will see it again. Nevertheless, global warming's impact on what ought to be an African breadbasket cannot be dismissed out of hand.

Copyright: To see more of the Richmond Times-Dispatch, or to subscribe to the newspaper, go to http://www.timesdispatch.com. Copyright (c) 2011, Richmond Times-Dispatch, Va. Distributed by McClatchy-Tribune Information Services. For more information about the content services offered by McClatchy-Tribune Information Services (MCT), visit www.mctinfoservices.com.

Summary

A normally green region that drought has turned brown.

If it does not see rains soon, a fertile area of Ethiopia could extend the scope and severity of the food crisis.

What is the stance and measures taken by

Ethiopia mitigation of global

warming?

National Protocol coping with global warming

Such policy and program initiatives include the

Environmental Policy, Energy Policy and the Biofuels

Strategy, Agriculture and Rural Development

Strategy, Water Resources Management Policy,

Health Policy, National Policy on Disaster Risk

Management, Food Security Strategy, National Policy

on Biodiversity Conservation, and the Pastoral Policy.

The NAPA document (replaced by Ethiopian Programme of

adaptation to Climate Change- EPACC) was prepared (2007)

NAMA (in 2010)

In 2011 the “Climate-Resilient Green Economy” (CRGE)

strategy was launched.

The national five-year development plan (for the period

2010/11-2014/15), outlines the country’s vision for a low-

carbon development path and building of a green economy.

Ethiopia’s Programme of Adaptation on Climate Change (EPACC)

Formulated in 2007.

To build a climate resilient green economy

Objective :“to contribute to the elimination of poverty and to lay the foundation for a climate resilient path towards sustainable development”.

Aims to mainstream climate change throughout government sectors by ensuring climate change is embedded within government policies

News

Summary

Ethiopia has implement a intensive tree-

planting scheme

Planted more than 700 million trees in 2007

Increased forest cover to mitigate erosion,

improve soil quality, and preserve biodiversity. 

Apart from these…

Aim of the Ethiopian Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)

To improve and enhance the health and

quality of life of all Ethiopians

To promote sustainable social and

economic development so as to meet

the needs of the present generation

without compromising the ability of future

generations to meet their own needs”

Her stance in the

Copenhagen climate change

conference

Her stance in the Copenhagen climate change conference

Summary Ethiopian prime minister calling for

the UK prime minister to offer $50bn (£44bn) a year by 2015 and $100bn (£89bn) by 2020

InternationalCo-operation

Stance in major climate conferences and international cooperation  China: the Forum on China-Africa

Cooperation (FOCAC)  Highest quality for foreign aid, and

the materials it provides include machinery, equipment, medical devices, testing equipment, transport vehicles, office equipment, food and medicine. 

Supporting of Austria Government Funding package worth 2.2 million

US-Dollar To help implement the Convention

on Biological Diversity (CBD) In partnership with the Wildlife

Conservation Society (WCS) To restore habitats where species of

wild coffee reside in Ethiopia →"Yayu Coffee Forest Biosphere Reserve" (YCFBR)

National adaptation programmes of action (NAPA) provide a process for (LDCs) To identify priority activities that respond

to their urgent and immediate needs to adapt to climate change

Example: Improving the range land resources

management practices in the pastoral areas of Ethiopia

Strengthening drought and flood early warning systems in Ethiopia

Support from the USA The Government of Ethiopia’s

Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) A cooperation from the USA (USAID) Plays a critical role In building the resilience capacity of

chronically food insecure communities to shocks and climate change.

Reference 1.UNDP partners with Least Developed Countries Fund to strengthen early warning systems and climate information in Africa (02 Oct 2013) http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2013/10/02/undp-partners-with-least-developed-countries-fund-to-strengthen-early-warning-systems-and-cli

mate-information-in-africa/   2.非洲魔咒 http://www.360doc.com/content/11/0814/18/906586_140358364.shtml   3.Climate change increasing poverty and vulnerability in Ethiopia http://www.oxfam.org/pressroom/pressrelease/2010-04-22/climate-change-increasing-poverty-and-vulnerability-ethiopia Rich countries must help Ethiopia adapt Coping with Drought and Climate Change in Ethiopia http://www.adaptationlearning.net/projects/ethiopia-coping-drought-and-climate-change   4.Effect of global warming on the distribution of parasitic and other infectious diseases: a review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1293729/?page=1   6. 再暖点，咖啡就消失了 http://paper.people.com.cn/rmwz/html/2013-02/01/content_1204935.htm?div=-1   7. Coffee beans at risk of extinction http://www.salon.com/2012/11/12/coffee_beans_at_risk_of_extinction/Effect of global warming on the distribution of parasitic and other infectious diseases: a review.     8.begin with video -非洲與亞洲經歷古代特大乾旱，預示未來可能出現旱災   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xyZfyZsGghM   9. 全球暖化海平面上升影響非洲   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4zRDtx-k_RQ  

10. Supporting Integrated and Comprehensive Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation in Africa - Ethiopia http://www.adaptationlearning.net/project/supporting-integrated-and-comprehensive-approaches-climate-change-adaptation-africa-supporti  

11. Ethiopian government says it has tripled forest cover in a decadehttp://news.mongabay.com/2010/0721-hance_ethiopia_trees.html

  12. CLIMATE CHANGE NATIONAL ADAPTATION PROGRAMME OF ACTION (NAPA) OF ETHIOPIA http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/eth01.pdf   13. Ethiopia: Building on Progress A Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty (PASDEP) http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Policy-Documents/Plan_for_Accelerated_and_Sust

ained_(PASDEP)_final_July_2007_Volume_I_3.pdf   International level 14.SUPPORTING BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY http://www.entwicklung.at/en/news/supporting-biological-diversity/   15. National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) http://unfccc.int/national_reports/napa/items/2719.php   16. Mapping of Policy and Institutional Arrangements for Climate Change Adaptation in Ethiopia http://www.climateethiopia.org/images/Policy/policy_brief_2.pdf    17. IIED http://www.iied.org/exploring-how-climate-change-interventions-can-work-best-deliver-more-sum-their-par

ts

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