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Registered Charity No.1055654

From the PresidentThe last quarter of 2018 seems to have gone very quickly, but looking back the CAS has made progress on a number of fronts, as well as continuing to enjoy a full and varied programme of talks and walks, thanks to the inspiration and hard work of Jenny Moore, our Lectures Officer and Cathy Parkes, who took on

the role of Excursions Officer at the last AGM.

Lectures have been held as usual at Liskeard and Truro, on a fascinating variety of topics. At Liskeard, Francis Shepherd held a practical workshop on the use of Cornwall Council's online mapping system; Jamie Lewis spoke about the prehistoric landscape of south east Cornwall, and Nick Cahill described the origins of Liskeard. In Truro we heard from Pete Herring about commons and transhumance in Cornwall, from Adrian Rodda on the first Tasmanians and from Seren Griffiths on the excavations she has been leading at the site of the Neolithic passage tomb of Bryn Celli Ddu on Anglesey. All the lectures have been really well attended, even in awful

weather, which is a testimony to Jenny's skill in seeking out the most interesting subjects.

We decided at the beginning of the year that we would return to our previous custom of putting on lectures during the autumn/winter season and holding walks mainly in the months when we could reasonably expect better weather. Nevertheless walks have taken place this quarter, including a tour of medieval Cardinham, led by Andrew Langdon and Roger Smith, and an all day excursion to Pentillie Castle. The visit to Pentillie on 3rd November, organised by Cathy Parkes, was a great success, and included a guided tour around the estate and the main rooms of the house. The rain more or less held off, and we were very well entertained by Ted Coryton and Stephen Tyrrell on the history of the family and the house, with a really excellent lunch.

Our major event in November was the Archaeology in Cornwall conference, organised by Henrietta Quinnell and Andy Jones, held at Truro College. Messages of appreciation have been received since which underlined not only how interesting the speakers had been, but what a good atmosphere prevailed. The turnout was very good – the hall was full – and the day was very well organised. Our thanks are due to Henrietta and Andy for arranging the programme,

The Tintagel de-turfing team Photograph by an anonymous bystander

Newsletter 149 February 2019

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we are submitting a claim for Gift Aid payments for the two years up to 2016. This is really good news, as we can claim back 25% of members' subscriptions, provided they have signed a gift aid form, and this will give us some very welcome extra income. So far, however, only about a third of members have signed a current gift aid declaration, and we would be really grateful if members who pay tax and have not filled in a form recently could do so. You can download a form from our website or Konstanze will be delighted to let you have a paper copy.

Finally, the 2019 AGM is in prospect, at which existing Trustees stand for re-election and nominations are invited for vacancies on the committee. Elsewhere in this Newsletter you will see a list of current Trustees who are willing to stand for re-election, and nominations are invited for two vacancies on the committee. If you think you would like to play a part in the administration of the CAS, this could be a role for you.

I am writing this at Christmas time, but by the time the Newsletter reaches you it will be 2019, so I wish all our members a very happy and interesting New Year.

Caroline DudleyPresident

Tintgel 2018The long hot summer seemed to have gone during the week of 17th - 21st September, so the auspices for the following week at Tintagel were not good. I was due to tow a caravan up there on Saturday 22nd but the forecast winds in excess of 60mph put me off towing and I opted for going up early on Monday 24th when the wind was supposed to go down.

In the event, the weather proved to be everything that Tintagel 2017 had not been. We had 5 days of continuous sunshine However, since I and one other person ended up camping, the nights were astoundingly cold albeit with some delightful sunrises.

and to Konstanze, Christine and Richard for managing the publicity, the bookings and the payments.

Following an approach by the Saltash Heritage Trust to assume responsibility for the geophysical survey equipment owned by Saltash Heritage, which the CAS has often used in the past, we signed an agreement with their Trustees to take over the equipment from 1st October in return for a contribution towards historic insurance costs. Satisfactory insurance with our own insurance company has been arranged, and the equipment is being stored by Les Dodd. It will be a great advantage to have this equipment in our own hands; the equipment was extremely expensive when new, and we are very grateful to Saltash Heritage for passing it over to us. The sad loss of Pete Nicholas earlier in the year dealt a big blow to our ability to carry out surveying but this acquisition means that Les and CAS volunteers will be able to continue the work which Pete loved so much.

The CAS Area Reps perform an invaluable service to the county, monitoring and reporting on the state of historic sites and monuments in their district, and I am delighted to report that the project is flourishing under the leadership of Iain Rowe. I attended the meeting of the Area Reps on 13th October at Wheal Martyn, which was another very enjoyable and informative occasion and very well attended. At the meeting Iain Rowe brought up the possibility of issuing all Area Reps with an identification tag, suggesting that they might be useful if they were challenged while on CAS business in the field. The idea was put to the Trustees at their meeting on 20th November and was unanimously approved.

With such a wide variety of activities taking place under the aegis of the CAS, many involving the general public as well as members, the Trustees have been giving consideration to updating their policies on topics such as health and safety, volunteers, safeguarding etc. The Charity Commission has recently made it known that they want charities to adopt policies in these areas, and we are currently in the process of drafting them. When finalised we will publish them on our website.

On another happy note, thanks to Konstanze Rahn, our Membership Secretary, and Richard Hoskins, our Treasurer,

The footpath to the well on the Monday as we arrived Photograph SW Fletcher.

The lecture theatre after lunch Photograph SW Fletcher

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For no other reason than it was the first path we came to, the 10 early arrivals started on the path running west from the chapel for about 60m. The later arrivals started on the path to the north. Removing turf was in many respects a misnomer as the visitors feet had effectively done that on the centre line of the path. However, at the edges of the path the turf and soil were in excess of 300mm deep. Deturfing was hard work. A summer’s growth of grass formed a resistive barrier to even the sharpest spade and when this was backed up by a depth of soil which had been baked by the hottest summer for some time, progress was slow and hard won. After the first day, we had cleared a strip of about 45m by 2m in about 7 hours.

Outreach started very early on as most visitors wanted to ask ”What are you doing”!

The next day, the final turf was removed by about lunch time. Virtually as soon as we started clearing up the loose soil, it was apparent that we were straight into archaeology. There

Over the past few years, access to Tintagel headland has not been shepherded in any way. Visitors were free to go where they wished. This has allowed the development of a number of “desire line“ footpaths.

Two of these paths were causing particular concern. The first ran from the chapel to the well and the other was to the north of the walled garden. It was proposed to accept that these paths would continue to be used and to consolidate them to protect the underlying archaeology.

About 20 volunteers assembled on the Monday, some at 08.30, others at 10.00. After a Health and safety induction, we set to work. Our initial brief was 4 fold.

Remove the turf and stack neatly for reuse in repairing other paths.Clear up loose soil and stock pile on terram for reuse.Define any archaeology we found but not to excavate.Record any finds. CAU staff had a watching brief to do this.

One of the circular features Photograph SW Fletcher

Investigating one of the circular features Photograph SW Fletcher

A final walk round the site Photograph SW Fletcher

Lunchtime day 2 Photograph SW Fletcher

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were numerous finds of pottery and even a piece of glass. In fact, I found more pottery in that afternoon that I found in 5 weeks the previous year. Ryan from Cornwall Archaeology Unit was kept very busy from then until the end of the work on the Friday. His problems were compounded by the distance between the two sites. Inevitably as soon as he arrived at one site, he was immediately wanted on the other one.

We had some problems with the amount of dry spoil we were accumulating as we worked. Initial estimates were soon exceeded and extra terram had to be acquired as the dry soil was a valuable resource for repairing other paths and had to be sensibly stockpiled.

By Wednesday close of play, most of the spoil had been removed and it was obvious that there were at least three walls and a jumble near the well which looked like archaeology. Bearing in mind that the path would be consolidated and remain inaccessible for the foreseeable future, it was agreed that the walls should be investigated further but without any substantial digging.

During one lunch break, a passerby was commandeered to take a photo of the group.

Friday afternoon was given over to recording by which time it had been determined that one set of walls were associated with a circular feature possibly an oven, that a further wall was close to what looked like a metal working area and that the jumble near to the well was exactly that, a jumble near the well!

After recording the cleared area, the remaining members of the party retreated down to the cafe for a coffee and cake ending a hot and sunny but very fulfilling week.

Thanks to Win Scutt who worked with us, to Ryan and all the volunteers.

Steve Fletcher

11th October 2018. Truro lecture. The Structure required to support Transhumance and Commons in Cornwall. Peter Herring. Peter’s introduction read: The removal of livestock from farmland to marginal grazing land (uplands, cliffs, marshes and towans) was crucial in creating the Cornwall of today. Transhumance made use of seasonally available resources and allowed hay to be grown and saved and crops to be securely harvested from the home fields. From the Bronze Age to the end of the early medieval period, it underpinned the use and disposition of farmland, the patterns of fields, the lines of lanes, the extent and administration of commons and thus the ways that Cornish people worked together, sharing risks and establishing cooperative and communal ways of being and ways of doing things that help explain how we get on with each other so well to this day.

Peat burning was essential to Cornish farming from 8th to 19th centuries along with divided fields. This allowed ley or convertible husbandry on a 12 year rotation with crops for a few years and the fields down to grass for 7 to 10 years. Turf was difficult to plough until the angled plough share could turn the turves and allow them to dry. Peat burrows of dried turves were burned and the ashes spread with other dressings before ploughing. It took one week to peat-burn an acre of ground.

Transhumance is the seasonal movement of people and livestock and was vital to vacate the fields for crops or hay. It maximised the use of the rough ground for pasture. “Hendra” meant winter or base farm, while “havos” implied a summer dwelling. Place names in early medieval Cornwall and Wales revealed that transhumance was established by the 7th century. It happened in parts of England too. As evidence there are pictures of upland dairying, accounts from the last 500 years and practice from across Europe. It involved hard living in challenging places. Alpine style meant that half the family would go to the hills to milk, while the rest stayed below to farm the arable land. Mediterranean style was purely professional pastoral practice without any mixed farming. It needs trust, community and family support and cooperation to cross neighbours’ land along negotiated customary routes.

In Zennor parish the “tre” hamlets shared ribbons of land which hung from the terminal boundary of Penwith’s upland spine. This indicates the existence of larger estates and someone in control. Parishes in Penwith were under a higher level of administration. Pete had calculated that in Early Medieval Cornwall there were about 200 multiple estates – parishes, about 4,500 “tre” estates comprised of 18,000 households with probably 4 members each to give a total population of 80,000 people.

On the moorland of Penwith and Fowey Moor transhumance huts were set above those of the tin workers’. They were simple in form, small, single bedded with an open fire and storage space built into the walls, intended for a single person. The rest of the family were left to work the farm. There are good examples on Brown Willy, Leskernick and Garrow. These huts are often in large groups, sometimes with shared pens. The huts were generally 20 metres apart, within shouting distance. The occupants looked out for each other since they were vulnerable living alone on the hill. They

The last group of “de-turfers” before leaving the site for the final time. Photograph SW Fletcher

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shared wells and the space between the houses allowed their animals to be tethered and to be milked twice a day. Their milk and cheese had to be stored. Wool was spun on a distaff. Peter gave us an account of a Scottish lady who was involved as a child and who remembered making “crowdy”, a soft cheese. When young men came with musical instruments to collect the cheese and woollen thread there would be dancing and fun. The girls made lasting and cooperative friendships amongst themselves.

20% of early Medieval Cornwall was common land with customary rights of pasture and limits set on the number of animals allowed to graze and the territories they could use. An authority was needed to police the use of uplands. Stray animals were rounded up and kept in pounds, such as King Arthur’s Hall or Stowe’s Pound, until the neglectful owners paid a fine. The 4 western hundreds may have been ruled by a King from St Michael’s Mount and the 3 eastern ones from Tintagel where high status imported pottery declares the presence of someone with wealth and influence. Pete described 6 levels of society. Level 1 – the individual; level 2 – the household; level 3 – hamlet or “tre” estate house group; level 4 – community; level 5 – hundred; level 6 was the “king” over the group of hundreds.

Men would help the young women drive their herds along narrow “droveways”, routes agreed by their elders through neighbouring parishes. They would have removed the roof timbers for the winter to avoid squatters, so would make the huts habitable before leaving the girls for the long period, Beltane (May Day) to Samhain (Hallowe’en) to take full responsibility for the safety of the animals. Pete reminded us of Andy Jones’s excavations at Whitehorse Hill where a young woman had been cremated and her remains buried with much ceremony and grave goods associated with cattle as well as beads and animal pelts. The flowers for her grave had been cut in early summer. She may have been buried in a place where she and her girlfriends had spent many happy seasons. Beads had been discovered on Stannon Hill, Garrow Tor. Stone rows may be monuments from Bronze Age grazing boundaries.

Convertible husbandry changed the practice. Beef cattle were taken to the havos and the women and girls stayed on the hendra to milk. The organisation of transhumance allowed Cornwall to develop in a communal and cooperative way across parishes and hundreds.

Adrian Rodda

Changing attitudes to Tasmanian Aboriginal Culture. November 15th - Adrian RoddaSince the first European contact with Tasmanian aboriginal people (Palawa), attitudes to them have changed radically according to the assumptions made by various groups of people and their own values. Adrian set out to show how these assumptions and judgements have turned full circle from seeing a despised and degenerate race to respectfully appreciating how they adapted to their environment and survived with the minimum of possessions and tools.

Tasmania was joined to the mainland of Australia during the Ice Age (Pleistocene) by a land bridge either side of a great fresh water lake. This allowed people to travel south and settle in the lightly forested valleys and take hunting trips into the icy hills to catch wallabies and other small marsupials. Cave Bay Cave on Hunter Island, once part of the western land bridge, was visited between 22,700 and 18,000 years before the present (BP) dated by bones and charcoal from middens. There were stone tools. A bone point, 9cms long, made from a wallaby shin, was dated to 18,550BP, just before the height of the glacial period. This point would have been used to pierce wallaby skins and to sew them into warm garments. The average temperature was only 4 degrees C and people could not exist without clothes, fire and a high protein diet. The cave was occupied again after the water had risen in the Holocene about 6,600BP, but bone tools were only found in the midden layers older than 4,000BP. The people had become fish eaters and eventually the inhabitants of most of the Bass Straight islands died out.

South West Tasmania was made a World Heritage Site for its unique forests and the caves with Pleistocene habitation, such as Kuti-kina Cave overlooking the Franklin River. At this height the wallabies had space between the trees and hunting parties of 30-40 could ambush them and take them back to be butchered in the deep limestone caves where the temperature never varied. The floor area of 100 square metres had a midden 2 metres deep, its foundation dated to 20,000BP and the newest hearth to 15,000BP. Stone tools were left in situ for the next seasonal return. Most were made from local quartz and quartzite, but there was “glass” from the Darwin meteor crater some 25kms away. This was used over a period of 12,000 years for its cutting edge, and other caves up to 100kms away contained examples, suggesting long return journeys or a trade network. Thumbnail scrapers were unique to Tasmania in the Pleistocene from 24,000BP and not developed on the mainland until the Holocene. But by then they had vanished from Tasmanian sites. Bone points were hafted to make spears, but this practice was not revived in the Holocene.

Tasmania was the most southerly and coldest place occupied in the Pleistocene. It had a unique material culture. 26,000 years of surviving in cold, dry, windy conditions suggest

Reconstructed dwelling. Queen Victoria Art Gallery and Museum, Launceston. Photograph A Rodda

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people with an indomitable spirit. The oldest date, 44,200BP is from Parmerpap Meethaneer cave in the Cradle Mountain area. There are at least 40 cave sites in the frozen mountains between 30,000 and 14,000 BP, but not in the coldest periods 25,000 to 22,000 or 18,000 to 14,000 BP.

When the global temperatures rose about 14,000 years ago Tasmania was isolated from the mainland. The temperate rainforests in the South West had fewer animals than the glacial plains so people moved to the less thickly forested South East and concentrated their lives along the coasts. A cave at Rocky Cape on the N.W. coast was used from 8,000 to 3,800 BP. The main prey was no longer wallabies, but elephant seals. Hand stencils made by blowing ochre over the hands have been found in 8 caves, notably Ballawine Cave in the WHS area, dated to 14,000 and 12,000BP. Various stones were used for tools, implying trade and quarrying, but after 4,000BP there were no bone tools at all. After 3,500 BP there is no evidence of the people eating scaled fish, though they still made huge middens of shellfish. Rhys Jones, the father of Tasmanian archaeology, thought that they had suffered “a slow strangulation of the mind”, had regressed rather than progressed in their isolation.

Huge complex middens along the NW and SW coasts show that the Palawa lived in settled villages in domed houses built over shallow scoops. Explorers recorded that the insides of the bark structures were decorated with patterns that also occurred in rock art. Palawa from the mountainous inland regularly travelled to the coast along traditional routes.

Early explorers, especially the French scientists with the Boudin expedition of 1802, published many pictures of Palawa individuals, groups and their tools. British settlers claimed the island for King George and their clashing values and attitudes to land and ownership of its flora and fauna led to many fights and ambushes until Lt Governor Arthur proclaimed martial law in 1830 and organised the Black Line to drive the Palawa out of the settled areas and exile them on the Tasman peninsula. This was a huge logistical operation which only netted one old man and a boy. The self- proclaimed “Conciliator”, G. A. Robinson inveigled 300 people to follow him into exile on Flinders Island. The low

numbers involved were probably because so many people had been murdered already by the settlers and gone unreported. A possible population of 3-5,000 in 1800AD had been reduced to 6 by 1863. Robinson wished to publish his journal of his 3 expeditions into Palawa territory and in the late 1830s commissioned artists to make sculptures and portraits of his surviving Palawa captives. These were copied by later artists who made romantic interpretations of Palawa life drawing on Classical myths and poses in contrast to the brutally realistic illustrations of naked, tattooed subjects by Petit from the 1802 Boudin expedition.

As the survivors dwindled in number they became increasingly fascinating to collectors and scientists. Their skulls and skeletons were sold to scientific institutions as evidence of “the missing link”. The last full blooded woman, Truganini, died in 1876, but she was dug up, and her articulated skeleton put on show in Hobart Museum from 1906 to 1948. It was not until 1976 that her body was released for decent cremation.

In 1908, 13,000 stone tools were exported to the Pitt Rivers Museum by Ernest Westlake. No-one showed much interest in the Legge collection which was donated to Launceston Museum in 1984. But in 2018 it was at the centre of a wonderful exhibition in that museum. Descendants of the Palawa women, who had been kidnapped by or had married European sealers from the Bass Straights islands, formed the Tasmanian Aboriginal Council and took a pride in their ancestry. The exhibition included kelp and grass baskets, spears and clubs, a grass and bark canoe and replica houses made by members of the community. It stressed that it celebrated a people who lived at one with their environment and used the least amount of tools and clothes. To them the country included its trees and fauna. The TAC now owns and monitors many of the ancient sites, especially in the WHS area, where recent laws have encouraged the use of place names in the Palawa language. The once despised, “primitive” aboriginal people and their mode of life now get the respect they deserve.

Adrian RoddaReconstructed canoe. Queen Victoria Art Gallery and Museum, Launceston. Photograph A Rodda

Mr Legge’s Collection of Stone tools. Queen Victoria Art Gallery and Museum, Launceston. Photograph A Rodda

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Pentil l ie Castle; exploring the landscape of a Park beside the River TamarBy kind permission of the owners, the Coryton family

Members of both Devon and Cornwall Archaeological Societies attended the open day at Pentillie Castle. Having been welcomed by Ted and Sarah Coryton, we were invited to an amusing and informative presentation about the history of Pentillie Castle given by Ted Coryton.

Emerging from humble origins, James Tillie married the widow of Sir John Coryton which greatly improved his wealth and “soon after King James II came to the Crown, by a great sum of money and false representation of himself, obtained the favour of a knighthood at his hands”. He was knighted in 1687 and about this time, Tillie commissioned a life-size statue of himself in a classically commanding pose similar to Charles II. The lead statue still stands in front of Pentillie today.

Sir James Tillie built Pentillie Castle in 1698. He died in 1713 and despite being childless, he had taken steps to ensure that he was remembered and could keep a watchful eye over his estate long after he was gone. He ordered the building of a towering mausoleum on a high hill, called Mount Ararat overlooking the River Tamar and the castle. He left instructions that he be placed in this mausoleum, dressed in his best clothes, wig and fine hat. He requested that his hands be placed on his knees and secured with iron bands. Around him was to be placed a chest of oak containing his books and other personal effects, including port and cigars.His loyal staff carried out these instructions and there he sat while his remains and the roof of the mausoleum slowly

The entrance to the Estate Photograph R Hanns

The Castle from the front Photograph R Hanns

Ted starting his talk on the history of the Castle Photograph SW Fletcher

The lead statue Into the walled gardenPhotographs SW Fletcher

The mausoleum The monument inside the mausoleum Photographs SW Fletcher

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disintegrated. His staff became increasingly distressed at the decay until eventually his mortal remains were buried and a marble statue was erected in his place in the mausoleum which remains in the same commanding spot today. It is thought to be the oldest garden mausoleum in the country.Similarly, the Coryton family of Newton Ferrers had no sons, so the remainder of the Coryton estate was left to a cousin, Peter Goodall, who changed his name to Coryton at Crocadon, a farm at St Mellion that to this day is part of Pentillie estate. The families joined when Mary Jemima Tillie married Peter Coryton and the Coryton family came to

Pentillie.The Coryton family prospered through the Eighteenth Century and their lands amounted to more than twenty thousand acres. During this time of great prosperity, in 1809, the family commissioned renowned landscape architect Humphry Repton to draw up a proposal for remodelling the castle and landscaping the gardens and parkland. He produced one of his famous Red Books describing and illustrating his proposals which we looked through on the day.William Wilkins, the notable architect with a Gothic flair whose buildings include The National Gallery and Tregothnan, was employed to implement these changes in 1810.As a result, Pentillie was completely rebuilt with the addition of three wings to form a central courtyard on the West side of the original house.

Unfortunately, dated amenities and inheritance taxes led to the demolition of Wilkins’ three wings in 1967, and resulted in the castle that stands today.Ted and Sarah Coryton inherited Pentillie in 2007 and after consulting with their three children, decided to try and retain the estate within the family by commercialising the Castle and making it into a profitable business.

Ted took us on a superb walking tour of the estate continuing with many anecdotes and giving us some idea of the problems associated with running listed buildings as going enterprises.

Thank you to Ted and Sarah for an informative and enjoyable day, their staff for looking after us so well and to Cathy for arranging the day for us. 

Rosy Hanns

Liskeard and Moorswater, Industrial Archaeology with Iain RoweThe clouds lifted and the rain stopped for Iain’s walk around Liskeard and Moorswater. From Liskeard Station, Iain led us towards the town. On the way he pointed out several houses associated with eminent local people. We stopped at Lanchard Cemetery to visit the grave of Henry Rice, an Architect and Inspector of Nuisances who had the most impact on C19 Liskeard both above and below ground, designing many of Liskeard’s buildings and in 1861 had water piped into Liskeard from St Cleer Downs.An ‘Inspector of Nuisances’ was the 19th century precursor of the Sanitary Inspector and today’s Environmental Health Officer. Appointed by the local authority, his remit was limited

to sanitary/health issues such as ‘filthy and unwholesome’ living conditions, gutters, drains, privies, cesspools and fly-tipping. He might, for example, report people who kept livestock in the bedroom, or disinfect houses where there had been smallpox.The boathouse which serves as a wedding venue

Photograph SW Fletcher

Part of the newly created stone circle with the River Tamar in the distance. Photograph SW Fletcher

Lanchard Cemetary Photograph SW Fletcher

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From the cemetery, Iain pointed out the site of the Liskeard’s gasworks with the town being lit by gas from 1839. On our way across town, Iain paused to give us information about some prominent buildings such as: Dean House (now Graylands Registry Office) designed by Henry Rice and built in 1855 for Peter Clymo who was many times Mayor of Liskeard and founding father of the Masonic Lodge; and Westbourne House home to Peter Glubb who re-kick-started the Liskeard and Looe Union Canal Scheme in 1823. Latterly Westbourne House was home to Richard Hawke, mine share dealer.

Iain showed us some miner’s cottages/coach house in Westbourne Lane

From the town, Iain led us to Ladye Park which is believed to

be an ancient place of worship going back to the pre-Roman Celts who worshiped many Gods, one of which was Kerrid, Goddess of Love. It is possible from this connection that Liskeard has been named, Lys (Cornish for court), and Kerrid i.e. Court of Kerrid.

Pilgrims travelled from miles around to worship here, arriving down the Mass Path, from what is now Old Road.  Many

people were baptised using the flowing waters in the baptistery, the remains of which can still be see.

Once at Moorswater, Iain pointed out the L i s k e a r d a n d L o o e Railway goods yard, the platform of which still exists. The yard closed in 1963 along with the one at Looe.

Ia in exp la ined tha t Moorswater was a hive of industry including an Iron Foundry, Paper Mill and a China Clay Dries.

Moorswater Dries was built by the St. Neot China Clay Company to process clay from their Northwood pit. The clay was run in slurry form through a gravity landline which was 4 miles long. Moorswater China Clay works ceased drying in 1996.

We visited a double pot lime kiln on the Western side of the basin built by William Chapel Hodge described by author Ken Isham as ‘one of the most interesting ever to be built in Cornwall’. It was linked to the canal via tramway and utilised an inclined track to hoist trucks up from the canal basin. On top of the kiln was a turntable powered by a waterwheel, the remains of which are still visible.

Iain explained that the construction of the Liskeard by-pass, started in 1974, saw the demolition of a stone built Methodist chapel and a row of assorted dwellings along with Forge Cafe and various other structures at Moorswater.

As we walked down the path beside the railway line, Iain pointed out the site of Moorswater Station which was opened by the Liskeard and Looe Union Canal when the line was built beside the canal in 1860. The platform was 75 feet long and there was a station building, signal box and goods lock up. It

Baptistry and Ladye Park Photograph SW Fletcher

Lime kiln Photograph SW Fletcher

Miners Cottages Photograph SW Fletcher

The path down to Ladye Park Photograph SW Fletcher

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w a s c l o s e d w h e n C o o m b e J u n c t i o n Station opened in 1901. Sadly, all that remains is the granite edged kerb stones of the platform.

W e w a l k e d u n d e r Moorswater viaduct and learnt that Brunel ’s original slate stone piers with gothic arches which c a r r i e d a w o o d e n tresseled top was built between 1853 and 1855 a n d u s e d b y t h e Cornwall Railway. The n e w s t r u c t u r e w a s o p e n e d o n 2 5 t h February 1881 and has a double track.

As we walked under Lamellion bridge, Iain explained that it is the only one on the line to retain its original 1860 arched form, the others were changed to a lintled design by British Rail to accommodate their coaching stock.

Iain informed us about Duchy Tweed Mills at Lamellion whose owner J. H. Blamey had a tower built into his house at Pencubitt, allegedly to enable him to keep an eye on his

factory. The Tweed Mill processed local wool, turning it into blankets and items of clothing.

Between the new buildings of the Devon & Cornwall Wool Factory and Coombe Halt lie the remains of a water warehouse and the base of an industrial chimney.

We congregated on Coombe Bridge by lock 22 of the Liskeard and Looe Union Canal for Iain to give us the history of the canal. After much deliberation and negotiation, the Liskeard and Looe Union Canal bill passed through both Houses of

Parl iament on 22nd June 1825. Construction began on 6th September that year and by March 1828 the whole canal was navigable.I t w a s 2 6 f t w i d e (including the tow path). at the surface and 14ft. wide at the bottom. Running from Terras Pill n e a r S a n d p l a c e t o Moorswater a length of 5 and 7/8 miles. There were 25 locks (of which 21 remain) and the boats which worked it were of 20 ton capacity.By the mid to la te 1850’s, the canal was not coping with the

sheer volume in both directions to and from the moors, and the Liskeard and Looe Union Canal Company decided to build a railway line beside the canal which opened in 1860. The canal was no longer navigable after 1911.Construction began on the Liskeard and Looe Extension railway in 1898 and opened on 8th May 1901 after many financial and practical problems it was one mile, seven furlongs and three chains in length.In 1966 British Rail planned to close the branch line under the Beeching Axe, but it was saved.

Iain was given a vote of thanks by all who attended and we made our way back up the hill to Liskeard Station.

Thank you Iain for a most informative and interesting walk.

Rosy Hanns

Zennor Walk 23rd September 2018 lead by Peter Herring.A visit to Cornwall at the end of September for the launch at Gwithian of the volume in celebration of the work of Professor Charles Thomas provided an unexpected privilege. The following day I was able to join the Cornwall Archaeological Society for the first half of their walk at Zennor. This was led by Peter Herring and was a most welcome introduction to a landscape about which I had only read and glimpsed from the car.

I knew it as a landscape with possible surviving prehistoric elements but it was a delight for the party to hear how this had been disentangled through the meticulous analysis of the landscape and documentary sources backwards in time from the present day into prehistory. It was demonstrated that there were irregular and brick-like fields of at least Iron Age or Romano-British date represented by traces of lynchets. These were overlain by medieval strip fields which provided for a hamlet of 5 farmers, who before 1836, paid their tithes in

The replacement for Brunel’s viaduct carries the main line over the valley Photograph SW Fletcher

Lamellion Bridge with the canal under the right arch and the railway under the left Photograph SW Fletcher

Crossing the canal Photograph SW Fletcher

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butter and cheese. We visited the Giants Rock, a remnant tor with a cup-mark.

At the church, homage was paid at the grave of Rev William Borlase who died in 1888 and documented the archaeology, folklore and life of Zennor and elsewhere. His grave was

flanked by twelfth to thirteenth century wayside crosses which had once delimited the boundaries of Zennor hamlets as well as marking a long distance path that ran through and beyond the parish. This path was of special interest to me since I have written a book on early routeways which I hope will be published soon. Inside the church we were introduced to the remarkable fifteenth or early sixteenth century carving of a mermaid holding a mirror and comb. We heard about the legends which inspired, or became attached to, this carving and were treated to Adrian Rodda’s recital of his poem inspired by the mermaid. Unfortunately at that point I had, with much regret, to leave the party since my wife was unwell, having exhausted herself by singing at the Charles Thomas event the previous day.

Thank you for such a fascinating visit and for doing so much to illuminate the archaeology of West Penwith, the achievement of which is so well demonstrated by the magnificent report : Herring, P. et al 2017 Archaeology and landscape at the Land’s End, Cornwall. Truro: Cornwall Archaeological Unit. So if you missed the trip you could do no better than read that.

Martin Bell

Adrian Rodda takes up the story from this point!

After showing us gravestones and monuments of interest in the churchyard, Pete led us along the coffin path through the fields. He believes that the flat stiles which suggest a route for funeral processions were laid after 1800 because of the drill marks. By then the coffins were probably brought in carts along the new road above the fields, but before the stones were laid this was probably the only road from St Ives. Stones laid into the hedges above the stiles may have been monuments to the dead people carried there, designed to allow a stop to contemplate the lives of the deceased in the landscape they enjoyed in life.

Pete recommended 3 books about the area and its farms. “Life and Progress of Henry Quick”(1792-1857) ed P.A.S.Pool, “A Farmer ’s Diary” by James Stevens (1847-1918) and “Tremedda Days” by Alison Symons, which covers the period 1900-1944. The farm at Tremedda had belonged to the artist Tom Millie Dow, who had bought it from Leslie Stephen, father of Virginia Woolf. Tom’s step daughter, Elsie Pilcher lived there with an Italian chaperone and married a very handsome farm worker, Maurice Grigg. She entertained her intellectual friends who came to respect her husband’s practical knowledge. Elsie covenanted the farm to National Trust. Its gabled concrete barn was a new design for its time.

Other artists and authors who lived within sight of Zennor Churchtown included D.H.Lawrence 1915-17, who took three cottages at Tregerthen to found an artists’ colony which he named “Runanim”. Katherine Mansfield and John Middleton Murray joined him for a short time, but moved away from the great stones, which they found intimidating, to Mylor. Lawrence was forced to leave the area after his German wife was suspected of being a spy. Michael Morpurgo lived in Tower House for some years. Peter and Cathy had obtained permission for us to walk up the private road past the house. Peter Warlock, the musician, and several artists had lived in the area: Patrick Heron lived at “Eagle’s Nest” and its views influenced his abstract painting. Katherine Laird Cox, lover of Rupert Brooke, sought refuge in the area after his death at Gallipoli. The exiled Emperor Haile Selassie had lived near Zennor too. Alethea Garstin, novelist and painter, had lived in “The Poor House” which had replaced the old Union Workhouse. It was symbolically put at a distance from the Churchtown as a reproach to the poor who had become a burden on the parish. The artists Bryan Winter, Margo Mackleburg and J.O.Halliwell had lived on the high moor at Carn.

Pete led us at a cracking pace uphill to Sperris Croft and its ruined quoit, which had been excavated in 1954 by Charles Thomas and Bernard Wailes. (report in Cornish Archaeology

The Zennor Mermaid Photograph P Herring

In Zennor Church Photograph P Herring

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1967). Charles had opened a circular trench around the fallen stones which lie just below a natural tor and 400 yards E.N.E of Zennor Quoit. The proximity to the tor may have been a deliberate choice to give the impression that the whole structure was made by giants. Bone from a small cremation pit was dated to 3633-3673cal BC. Charles Thomas thought the pit predated the monument which was erected around it. In 1754, Dr Borlase had recorded the site as a large capstone on an upright. It has a view of Carn Galva, as have all the quoits in Penwith except Grumbla.

Pete described the changing land use of the moors which were farmed in Bronze Age times and field boundaries from

extensive field systems ran from Zennor Hill to Towednack and possibly further east to St Ives. Tin mining had affected the landscape. He explained why Zennor Quoit was a portal dolmen because like Trethurgy and Pawton it had an anti-chamber or portal. There is a view of Zennor hill and of Mulfra Quoit. But the portal is aligned to forbid a view of the sea or of Zennor hill. The huge stones would have been brought 4-500 yards from Zennor tor. It has been dated to circa 3300BC, later than Sperris Quoit and perhaps its enormous size and open position denotes a greater confidence on the part of the builders than their ancestors showed when they sited Sperris Quoit. The drill marks in the south support are made with

tools available between 1800 and 1840, long before C.L Stephens wrote his poem about the “farmer more brawn than brains” who was prevented by the local vicar from making a cowshed against the monument.

We walked up to Zennor Hill and found the logan stone which entertained us for a while before realising that a propped stone was nearby. It framed a perfect view of the tor at the end of Gurnards Head, a source of Neolithic greenstone axes. Peter showed us the ruins of Carne medieval settlement and the 4 cabins which had been built to accommodate workers from Sperris Mine between 1700 and 1850.

A steep downhill decent brought us back to the road and to Zennor Churchtown. We were all grateful that Pete and Cathy had planned their walk so thoughtfully and our heads were buzzing with Pete’s intimate knowledge of the area and his obvious affection for it and respect for all the generations who lived from it, whether as builders and farmers or artists and thinkers.

Adrian Rodda

An Intellectual Adventurer in Archaeology; Reflections on the Work of Charles Thomas.

This volume, mainly of papers with a local interest by local authors, was launched on Saturday September 22nd in Gwithian Methodist Chapel, the only remaining thatched Methodist Chapel in Cornwall.

Unfortunately, the day was marked by heavy rain and high winds. Discretion was very much the better part of valour and a straw poll amongst the attendees decided that the proposed walk to Gwithian excavation sites should be replaced by impromptu talks!

Steve FletcherThe logan stone on Zennor Hill Photograph P Herring

Ruined cabin at Carne Photograph P Herring

Jacky Nowakowsky reflecting upon the life and work of the late Charles Thomas. Photograph SW Fletcher

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Important Information and Actions for MembersEnclosed with this issue is a reminder that subscriptions were due on 1 January 2019.

There is a second article and flyer referring to Gift Aid.

On April 6th 2019, we have the Annual General Meeting. There are two flyers referring to this.

If you wish to attend the lecture on Oetzi, the Ice Man, you should book your place. Please see the note in the table below.

If you wish to go to the Archaeology in Devon Conference, you must book your place. Please see the DAS website.

Subscriptions for 2019 now due!

Please remember that subscription renewals are now due. Please see enclosed flyer for details.

More Gift Aid News.In Newsletter 148, last October, we explained that CAS is reintroducing the Gift Aid Scheme for Membership Subscriptions and asked members who were able to do so to complete a new Gift Aid Declaration Form, even if they had completed one in the past.  We are delighted to report that 99 members have so far completed new forms and sent them to the Membership Secretary.  Thank you! We are almost in a position to submit a claim to HMRC covering the years 2014 to 2018: all being well this should result in a total of around £2500 towards CAS funds.

If you have been intending to send a new Gift Aid Declaration Form to us but have not already done so it is not too late. 

Just to remind you of the basics: Gift Aid allows UK charities to claim back the basic rate tax already paid on donations by the donor. Annual subscriptions paid by CAS members are considered as donations under the scheme. This means we can claim back from the government, on your behalf, 25p for every £1 of your subscription – this would, for example, make a Single Subscription of £25 worth an extra £6.25 to the Society. If all our eligible members agreed to Gift Aid this

would increase our funds by hundreds of pounds each year to help us to further the aims and activities of the society.

Members who pay UK Income Tax or Capital Gains Tax can sign a Gift Aid declaration at no cost to themselves. A single Gift Aid declaration will cover all your future subscriptions and we are permitted to backdate your declaration for up to 4 years, where appropriate. We are aware that increases in personal tax allowances in recent years, including the introduction of extra tax-free allowances for savings and investment interest, may have taken some members, who have signed a Gift Aid declaration in the past, out of the tax range. This is one reason why we have decided to restart the scheme: please note that donors who have not paid sufficient tax to cover the Income Tax deducted from all their Gift Aid donations are responsible for repaying any shortfall to HMRC.

Having considered all these changes, CAS is restarting the Gift Aid Scheme and we ask all our members, including those who have completed a declaration in the past, to sign the new, updated declaration form. So, if you are a UK tax-payer, we would appreciate it if you would complete and sign the form which is enclosed with this newsletter and send it to:Membership Secretary.13 Beach RoadPorthtowan, TruroCornwallTR4 8AA

If your circumstances should change in the future, for example if you cease to be a tax-payer, please note that you

Roger James Mercer It is with great sadness that we report the death of the eminent prehistorian Roger Mercer OBE on 3rd December 2018. Roger directed the excavation of Carn Brea in 1970-73 for the Society and introduced the term “tor enclosure” for this type of settlement. He later excavated Helman Tor and recognised it as a similar site. Although never resident in Cornwall he was a lifelong member of our Society and maintained an active research interest in its prehistory. A more detailed obituary will appear in Cornish Archaeology Volume 57.

Roger Mercer on Helman Tor during a Neolithic Studies Group visit  in 2014.Photograph by Susan Greaney

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Next submission date

The final date for submissions to the June Newsletter will be Friday 26th April 2019.

If you are thinking of submitting an article, please include photographs and tell me who took them so that I can attribute them properly.

Roger SmithAnna TyackeChristine Wilson

Steve Hartgroves, the chairman of our Roman Cornwall group, is also willing to stand for election.

can cancel your declaration at any time by contacting the Membership Secretary.

Thank you.

Richard Hoskins

AGM - Current TrusteesThe following current Trustees are prepared to stand again for election:-

Jenny BealeSteve FletcherMillie HolmanRichard HoskinsAndy JonesJenny MooreCathy ParkesKonstanze RahnLaura Ratcliffe-WarrenPeter RoseIain Rowe

Isles of Scilly Community Archaeology GroupSite Clearance Meetings February - December

Date Location

Saturday 23 February

Toll’s Island kelp pits, stone setting and boulder wall, St Mary’s

Sunday 17 March Guided walk on Tresco, led by Allan Brodie (Historic England)

Sunday 14 April Porth Hellick Bay pillbox, Salakee Farm entrance graves, St Mary’s

Sunday 12 May Cruther’s Hill entrance graves and cist, St Martin’s

Sunday 9 June North Hill entrance graves and cists, Samson

Saturday 27 July Saturday 27 July Chapel, church and hut, St Helen’s

Sunday 11 August Kittern Hill A and Carn Valla entrance graves, Gugh

Sunday 15 September

Nornour settlement and shrine, Great Ganilly entrance graves, Eastern Isles

Saturday 19 October

Works Carn entrance grave and Works Point gun battery, Bryher

Saturday 16 November

Normandy Down entrance graves, St Mary’s

Sunday 8 December

Old Town Churchyard graves, St Mary’s

Any enquiries should be directed to Katharine Sawyer on 01720 423326 or katharine@scillywalks.co.uk or to Charlie Johns at bradpeverill@aol.com. Further details of each meeting will be posted about a week in advance on the Isles of Scilly Community Archaeology Group Facebook page.

CASPN Clear-ups – 2019

January 20 Sancreed Well o/s 4180 2935. Park in layby at 417 2941 on Sancreed to St Just road opposite Newham Farm 2pm.

February 24 Madron Well and Baptistry

o/s 4465 3280 Meet in car park 2pm

March 24 Nine Maidens Boskednan + barrows

o/s 433 353 Meet at Ding Dong mine 2pm

April 19 [Good Friday]

Fenton Bebibell o/s 4296 3520 Meet at Mên-an-Tol layby 11am (Includes Dolly Dunking ceremony)

May 12 Tregeseal Entrance Grave.

o/s 380 321 Restricted parking in lane leading to Hailglower Farm. More info to come. 2pm

June 16 Mulfra Vean courtyard house settlement

o/s 4539 3496 meet at Mulfra farmhouse 2pm

July 14 Boscawen – ûn circle

o/s 4122 2736 Meet by A30 2pm

August 18 Bosiliack settlement and grave

o/s 4281 3437 2pm Parking info to come.

September 15

Bosullow Tryhyllys

o/s 409 342 Meet at Trehyllis Farm o/s 409 337 2pm

October 13 Portheras common barrow

o/s 3914 3327 Meet at North Road car park 2pm

November 17

Lesingey Round

o/s 453 304 Meet in Lesingey lane 2pm

NB Schedule may change depending on weather, availability of CASPN personnel and the Penwith Landscape Partnership schedule. Please see our Facebook page for up to date information.

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Contacts

Secretary secretary@cornisharchaeology.org.ukMembership Secretary Konstanze Rahn membership@cornisharchaeology.org.ukNewsletter Editor Steve Fletcher publications@cornisharchaeology.org.uk Journal Editors Graeme Kirkham/ journaleditor@cornisharchaeology.org.uk

Peter Rose

Postal address :- Cornwall Archaeological Society℅ Royal Cornwall MuseumRiver St.TruroCornwall TR1 2SJ

Websitewww.cornisharchaeology.org.ukFacebook Cornish Archaeology

February

Friday

1/02/19

19.30 - 21:00

Jacky Nowakowski, Principal Archaeologist, CAU: Researching Tintagel, Dumnonia and post Roman BritainThe ancient kingdom of Dumnonia (modern day Cornwall, Devon and Somerset) lies in the far south west of Britain. This deeply rural and maritime peninsula has a distinctive history, culture and identity. A settlement at Tintagel in North Cornwall played a major role during the late Roman and post-Roman periods (3rd to 7th centuries CE) when a major fortified coastal citadel linked SW Britain to the distant Mediterranean World. Current archaeological research at Tintagel by the Cornwall Archaeological Unit, Cornwall Council (the TCARP project) is revealing new insights into the character of the early medieval (post-Roman) settlement on this iconic and internationally important site. New areas of the headland are being explored and fascinating discoveries of a complex of stone buildings, found with artefact-rich middens, has the potential to transform our current understanding of the role and significance of this place within the maritime networks operating during the Late Antique and Insular period in Britain – a time of great transformation and charge. This presentation gives an update on the results to date.

St Martins Church Hall, Liskeard

February

Thursday

7/02/19

19.30 - 21:00

Keith Russ: A different perspective on Cornwall’s mining heritage – from maps to models.Cornwall has a long and distinguished history of mining. This talk will aim to show what some of the many mines look like by using 3d computer graphics. Over 25 years, the various mines have been transformed from abandoned mine maps held in the County Record Office and other private archives into coloured 3d representations. You will be able to fly through various mining districts viewing the creations which have shaped the history of Cornwall, and view the mines in a way that has never been possible before.

Truro Baptist Church, Truro

Forthcoming Events

Archaeology in Devon 2019April 13 @ 10:00 am - 5:00 pm £12.00Provisional Programme

10.00 Registration and coffee10.30 Welcome from the President of the Devon Archaeological Society10.35 Artefacts and pits: the Early Neolithic site at Ottery St Mary Henrietta Quinnell (University of Exeter)11.05 A prehistoric miscellany: excavation on the high moors 2016-2018 by Dartmoor National Park Lee Bray (Dartmoor National Park)11.35 Okehampton: a Vicus on the verge of the Roman Empire Chris Caine (AC Archaeology)12.05 A Roman centotaph enclosure east of Tiverton Jerry Austin (Cotswold Archaeology)

12.30 Devon Archaeological Society AGM

13.00-13.50 Lunch13.50 An early medieval ironworking site at Hemyock Jonathan Orellana (Cotswold Archaeology)

14.10 Moor to Shore National Mapping Programme Cain Hegarty (AC Archaeology)14.35 Devonshire linhays revisited Martin Watts (Historic building specialiast)15.00 A year at the Cathedral: the ongoing study of its glass and metalwork John Allan (Exeter Cathedral Archaeologist)

15.30 Tea15.50 The medieval Exe Bridge, Exeter Stewart Brown (freelance archaeologist)16.20 The Exeter 2016 Fire: An update on archaeological work Andrew Pye (Exeter City Council Heritage Officer) with supporting panel17.00 Questions, discussion and concluding remarks17.15 Close

VenueCouncil Chamber, County HallTopsham Rd Exeter, Devon EX2 4QU United KingdomWebsite:www.devonarchaeologicalsociety.org.uk

Booking is essential for this conference. Please download the form from the Devon Archaeological Society website.

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Date Time Event Venue

March

Thursday

28/02/19

Please note:This date and venue is different from that advertised in the October newsletter

18.30-21.00:

Prof Oeggl: Recent work on Oetzi, the Ice Man (Corfield Nankivell and Prehistoric Society).Nearly thirty years of investigations on the find assemblage of the Tyrolean Iceman “Ötzi” reveal a great deal of information about the life and environment of this Neolithic man in the Alps. The palaeo-ethnobotany of his artefacts discloses a skilled person, well adapted to the alpine environment. Since the discovery of an arrow head in his left shoulder a strong evidence for a violent death is on hand, but there are still several questions. Concerning this, the analysis of sequential ingesta samples from different locations of the Iceman´s intestinal tract encompass at least three different meals consumed of the Iceman during his last two days. The background pollen of the ingesta samples enables the reconstruction of his travels just before his demise. Additonally the new data corroborate the early season of his death. These results lend new weight to the disaster theory of Ötzi´s death. Furthermore, besides the dispute about the Iceman’s personal fate, a discussion about the social status of the Iceman has started. Primarily, four hypotheses were suggested to explain the find in its entirety. The speculations vary from a hunter or warrior to a shaman, a miner or a shepherd. None of these proposals is accepted or corroborated by archaeological findings, but on the basis of palynological investigations conducted in the vicinity of the discovery site the assumption that the Iceman was involved in an early form of transhumance has gained general acceptance now. However, recent results from archaeological field studies and from coprolite analyses on dung pellets from the Iceman’s discovery site cause doubts on the existence of such a vertical transhumance in the area during the Iceman’s lifetime.

Royal Cornwall Museum

Please note: This talk is of international importance and is being held at neither our normal venue nor at the usual time. Moreover, it is being advertised outside CAS members. It is important that you contact the museum and reserve your place for the lecture. To do this please either email: enquiries@royalcornwallmuseum.org.uk or call@ 01872 272205

Doors open at 6.15pm.

March

Friday

8/03/19

19.30 - 21:00

Charlie Johns and Fiona Fleming, Archaeology Projects Officers, CAU: The Cornish Ports and Harbours Project 2013-2017; assessing heritage significance, threats, protection and opportunities – illustrated by case studies of Fowey and Charlestown.Ports and harbours make a major contribution to local character and distinctiveness, forming significant landscape features and reflecting the varied history, use and development of maritime settlements, their hinterlands and the sea. As many ports and harbours are still in active use and so continue to develop and require maintenance in the face of natural and anthropogenic forces for change, they form an especially dynamic part of the coastal historic environment resource. he Cornish Ports and Harbours Project, commissioned by Historic England and carried out by Cornwall Archaeological Unit, aimed to establish effective methodologies for assessing the fabric, significance and character of English ports and harbours by using a study of those in Cornwall and Scilly as a pilot. It involved a rapid assessment of the forces for change affecting the ports and harbours and their vulnerability or capability to benefit from change, classification according to a range of variables, including topography, scale, key components and current activity levels, followed by 15 individual port/harbour studies. Outcomes of the project included the 15 individual reports, a final overview report, a Historic Environment Action Plan (HEAP) for Cornish and Scillonian ports and harbours, and a list of candidate sites for designation.

St Martins Church Hall, Liskeard

April

Saturday

6/04/19

AGM

12.00 tbc

Speaker

14.30-

16.00

Annual General MeetingCarolyn Kennett Co editor, Bulletin Society for the History of AstronomyCornwall’s Celestial Stones - Astronomy Heritage in Ancient Penwith.

Did the builders of the enigmatic stone circles within West Cornwall have an eye on the sky? This lecture will consider if these monuments have any astronomical links and what they could be. Considering suggestions from past archaeoastronomers, Carolyn Kennett will test out their ideas alongside conducting new astronomical surveys at each site. Finally, conclusions will be drawn about the stones links to celestial events.

Truro Baptist Church, Truro

AprilSaturday13/4/19

10.00 - 17.15

Archaeology in Devon Conference Devon Archaeological SocietyMembers of CAS will welcome but booking is essential. The booking form can be downloaded from the Devon Archaeological Society Website.

County Hall Exeter

SaturdayNovember16/11/19

Joint CAS DAS Symposium 2019 Further details and the programme/booking form will be distributed with the June newsletter.