The Newspaper of The Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka Vol. 51, No 02, March / April 2015 Registered at the GPO as a Newspaper No. QD/39/News/2015 The Institution of Engineers Sri Lanka 120/15, Wijerama Mawatha Colombo 7, Sri Lanka Tel: 2685490,2698426, 2699210 Fax: 2699202 E.mail:[email protected]/ [email protected]Website:http://www.iesl..lk in this issue IESL, JIY Competition Promotes Global Competition through Intel ISEF.....................2 Editorial....................................4 ALCO, the Unsung Hero of Sri Lankan Rail.............................4 PRESIDENT’S CORNER PRESIDENT’S CORNER PRESIDENT’S CORNER PRESIDENT’S CORNER PRESIDENT’S CORNER Dear Members W elcome back to the cor ner. Fast approaching the half way mark of my presi- dency I think it is time to take stock of the situation and gear up efforts to make sure the goals and objec- tives I had set forth at the beginning of the session could all be achieved. To expedite decision making and improve quality and standard of our activities of the IESL, I proposed three main activities to implement in my tenure. Firstly I proposed to develop and imple- ment a hybrid model for speedy administration and financial matters with adequate transparency including improving effi- ciency and effectiveness of the staff. Secondly I proposed a high level ICT system to have an effective information man- agement system and speedy flow of information to improve the activities of the IESL. My Third objective was to strengthen and increase the membership of the IESL by providing more facilities and benefits to members, especially those living in the provinces and overseas. I am happy to note that significant achievements have been made in all these thrust areas. The introduction of an elec- tronic document management system for the first time to the Call For Papers for the 109 th Annual Sessions saw our mem- bers, in numbers as large as in previous years electronically submit abstracts and the abstracts being reviewed and accep- tance / rejection being sent to authors swiftly and efficiently though the system. My special appreciation goes to the Eng. (Dr.) KED Sumanasiri, Editor Transactions for his initiative and hard work in making this entire thing possible. Similarly the electronic version of the ‘ENGINEER’, quarterly journal of the IESL now gets dispatched directly to the inbox of members. My appreciations go to Professor TM Pallewatte, Editor Jour- nal, for making this possible. I believe that submission of tech- nical papers to the journal too would very soon be electroni- cally possible and that it would acquire more visibility through being internationally indexed and published in international rec- ognized publishing platforms. The streamlining of administrative and financial matters arebeing carried out to make them speedy and efficient and they are a continuing processes. Their success requires the co-opera- tion of our members and I appeal to the members to give ut- most support by following laid out procedures so as to achieve best results without inconveniencing the staff. I am pleased to note that there has been significant increases in applications for the Charter and the numbers in our Corpo- rate and Associate memberships. The ‘B’ Paper examination of the Profession Review was again successfully conducted in all the provinces and continues to be appreciated by the many Associate Members in the provinces with more and more can- didates sitting for the exam in the provinces.The National En- gineering Conference 2015 held on 2 nd April, 2015 under the theme ‘ Engineering: The Change Agent” was another huge success following the successful inaugural event held in October, 2013. Gracing the event as the Chief Guest, H E The President, Maithripala Sirisena spoke of the proud engineering heritage of the country and expressed his desire to utilize skills of local engineers in development projects and also undertook to expedite the process of getting the National Engineer- ing Council Bill passed by the par- liament to strengthen the local en- gineers and preserve the local en- gineering heritage. Country needs to Develop Spiritually as well to achieve Real Progress - President Maithripala Sirisena at the IESL National Engineering Conference N ational Engineering Conference 2015, organized by the IESL was held at Hotel Galadari on 2nd April, 2015 with the country’s first citi- zen, His Excellency Presi- dent Maithripala Sirisena gracing the event as the Chief Guest. This is the sec- ond such conference after the resounding success of the inaugural event held in October, 2013 and had an impressive lineup of some of the top business executives in the country among the eminent panel of speakers in addition to guest speaker, Eng. Edwin Khew Teck Fook – President Elect of Institute of Engineers, Singapore who shared their experiences with the audience. Stressing that Sri Lanka should utilize the skills of its own engineers for the country’s develoopment HE President Maithripala Sirisena in his speech also spoke of the country’s glori- ous engineering traditions of the past as seen in the mag- nificent irrigation schemes of Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa and Digamadulla demonstrating the skills of the indigenous engineers of those times. Referring to the present era President Maithripala Sirisena pointed out the lack of spiritual progress re- quired for real achievement and recognition despite the physical development in the country in terms of megaprojects of roads, ports and buildings. In the same line of thinking Eng. S.B.Wijekoon, President of the IESL, earlier on in his welcome speech had men- tioned about the Engineer- ing Council Council Act the much needed legal frame- work for the proper practice of the engineering profession in the country as awaiting approval by the parliament and the President Maithripala made it a point to respond to this saying that he will look in to this and expedite its passage through parliament. The theme for this year’s con- ference being ”Engineering – The Change Agent”. Eng. S.B.Wijekoon stated that hu- man history and development is in fact a sequence of Changes, changes in peoples’ lifestyles based on access to energy. He said that mod- ern life style conveniences owe much to engineering inputs and that engineering has been an important change agent all along. SRI LANKA ENGINEERING NEWS Established 1906 His Excellency President Maithripala Sirisena the Chief Guest being presented a memento by Eng.(Dr.) S.B. Wijekoon, President of IESL
Transcript
The Newspaper of The Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka Vol. 51, No 02, March / April 2015Registered at the GPO as a Newspaper No. QD/39/News/2015
IESL, JIY CompetitionPromotes Global Competitionthrough Intel ISEF.....................2Editorial....................................4ALCO, the Unsung Hero of SriLankan Rail.............................4
PRESIDENT’S CORNERPRESIDENT’S CORNERPRESIDENT’S CORNERPRESIDENT’S CORNERPRESIDENT’S CORNERDear Members
Welcome back to the corner. Fast approaching thehalf way mark of my presi-
dency I think it is time to take stockof the situation and gear up effortsto make sure the goals and objec-tives I had set forth at the beginningof the session could all be achieved.To expedite decision making and improve quality and standardof our activities of the IESL, I proposed three main activities toimplement in my tenure. Firstly I proposed to develop and imple-ment a hybrid model for speedy administration and financialmatters with adequate transparency including improving effi-ciency and effectiveness of the staff. Secondly I proposed ahigh level ICT system to have an effective information man-agement system and speedy flow of information to improve theactivities of the IESL. My Third objective was to strengthenand increase the membership of the IESL by providing morefacilities and benefits to members, especially those living inthe provinces and overseas.
I am happy to note that significant achievements have beenmade in all these thrust areas. The introduction of an elec-tronic document management system for the first time to theCall For Papers for the 109th Annual Sessions saw our mem-bers, in numbers as large as in previous years electronicallysubmit abstracts and the abstracts being reviewed and accep-tance / rejection being sent to authors swiftly and efficientlythough the system. My special appreciation goes to the Eng.(Dr.) KED Sumanasiri, Editor Transactions for his initiative andhard work in making this entire thing possible. Similarly theelectronic version of the ‘ENGINEER’, quarterly journal of theIESL now gets dispatched directly to the inbox of members.My appreciations go to Professor TM Pallewatte, Editor Jour-nal, for making this possible. I believe that submission of tech-nical papers to the journal too would very soon be electroni-cally possible and that it would acquire more visibility throughbeing internationally indexed and published in international rec-ognized publishing platforms.
The streamlining of administrative and financial matters arebeingcarried out to make them speedy and efficient and they are acontinuing processes. Their success requires the co-opera-tion of our members and I appeal to the members to give ut-most support by following laid out procedures so as to achievebest results without inconveniencing the staff.
I am pleased to note that there has been significant increasesin applications for the Charter and the numbers in our Corpo-rate and Associate memberships. The ‘B’ Paper examinationof the Profession Review was again successfully conducted inall the provinces and continues to be appreciated by the manyAssociate Members in the provinces with more and more can-didates sitting for the exam in the provinces.The National En-gineering Conference 2015 held on 2nd April, 2015 under thetheme ‘ Engineering: The Change Agent” was another hugesuccess following the successfulinaugural event held in October,2013. Gracing the event as theChief Guest, H E The President,Maithripala Sirisena spoke of theproud engineering heritage of thecountry and expressed his desireto utilize skills of local engineersin development projects and alsoundertook to expedite the processof getting the National Engineer-ing Council Bill passed by the par-liament to strengthen the local en-gineers and preserve the local en-gineering heritage.
Country needs to DevelopSpiritually as well toachieve Real Progress
- President Maithripala Sirisena at the IESL National
Engineering Conference
National EngineeringConference 2015,organized by the
IESL was held at HotelGaladari on 2nd April, 2015with the country’s first citi-zen, His Excellency Presi-dent Maithripala Sirisenagracing the event as theChief Guest. This is the sec-ond such conference afterthe resounding success ofthe inaugural event held inOctober, 2013 and had animpressive lineup of some ofthe top business executivesin the country among theeminent panel of speakersin addition to guest speaker,Eng. Edwin Khew Teck Fook– President Elect of Instituteof Engineers, Singapore whoshared their experienceswith the audience.
Stressing that Sri Lankashould utilize the skills of itsown engineers for thecountry’s develoopment HEPresident MaithripalaSirisena in his speech alsospoke of the country’s glori-ous engineering traditions ofthe past as seen in the mag-nificent irrigation schemesof Anuradhapura,Polonnaruwa andDigamadulla demonstratingthe skills of the indigenousengineers of those times.
Referring to the present eraPresident MaithripalaSirisena pointed out the lackof spiritual progress re-quired for real achievementand recognition despite thephysical development in thecountry in terms ofmegaprojects of roads,ports and buildings. In thesame line of thinking Eng.S.B.Wijekoon, President ofthe IESL, earlier on in hiswelcome speech had men-tioned about the Engineer-ing Council Council Act themuch needed legal frame-work for the proper practiceof the engineering professionin the country as awaitingapproval by the parliamentand the PresidentMaithripala made it a pointto respond to this sayingthat he will look in to this andexpedite its passagethrough parliament.
The theme for this year’s con-ference being ”Engineering –The Change Agent”. Eng.S.B.Wijekoon stated that hu-man history and developmentis in fact a sequence ofChanges, changes in peoples’
lifestyles based on accessto energy. He said that mod-ern life style conveniencesowe much to engineeringinputs and that engineeringhas been an importantchange agent all along.
SRI LANKAENGINEERING NEWSEstablished 1906
His Excellency President Maithripala Sirisena the ChiefGuest being presented a memento by Eng.(Dr.) S.B.
♦Techno Exhibition Friday - Sunday, 09, 10, 11 October 2015
♦Inauguration of the Friday-October 16, 2015Annual Sessions
♦Annual Sessions Seminar Saturday- October 17,2015
♦Annual Sessions Site Visit Sunday- October 18, 2015
♦Annual General Meeting Saturday- October 24, 2015
♦Techno Awards Friday- November 06, 2015 Ceremony
TENTATIVEANNUAL EVENTS
CALENDAR2014 / 2015
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS,SRI LANKACompetition
on
“Infrastructure Development in Water Sectorfor Sustainable Development – Experiencegained from Implementation of Integrated WaterResources Management and Development in Sri
Lanka”Session 2014/2015
Sponsored by
St. Anthony’s Industries Group (Private) Ltd.(MANUFACTURES OF ANTON PVC PIPES AND FITTINGS)
Two competitions will be held this year for the award of certificates and cash prizes. Thecompetition soliciting original Technical Papers on research and case studies are acceptedfrom members of IESL who are above 35 years.
There will also be another competition for members who are 35 years and below on 01October 2015. This competition is open to members of IESL and final year students ofFaculties of Engineering of Universities in Sri Lanka who are student members of IESL orwho obtain such membership before submitting their technical papers.
AWARDS & PRIZESABOVE 35 YEARS ON 2015.10.01 35 YEARS AND BELOW ON 2015.10.01First Prize - Rs. 50,000/= First Prize - Rs. 25,000/=Second Prize - Rs. 25,000/= Second Prize- Rs. 15,000/=Third Prize - Rs. 10,000/= Third Prize- Rs. 5,000/=
The members (Fellows, Members, Associate Members, Associates, Companions and Students)who wish to participate must obtain the application forms from IESL and submit bio data &full Technical Papers to reach the Executive Secretary, The Institution of Engineers SriLanka, No. 120/15, Wijerama Mawatha, Colombo 07 on or before May 30, 2015. 3une, 2012Further information could be obtained from the Chairman, Steering Committee on WaterResources Development of The Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka, onTel: 077 35 40 350 or Manager -Publicity-IESL 011-2685490, 011-2698426 or 011-2699210,ext-232, 207, E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], Fax : 011-2699202.Note: Forms, Rules & Details and Full paper format could also be downloaded from theIESL Website, www.iesl.lk or obtained from the IESL Secretariat.
IESL, JIY Competition Promotes Global Competitionthrough Intel ISEF
The Sri Lanka Science and Engineering Fair (SLSEF) 2015, for selecting the cream of creative and innovative among Sri Lankan school children forparticipation in the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (Intel ISEF) 2015 to be held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA was conducted atthe Wimalasurendra Auditorium of the Institution of Engineers Sri Lanka on 26th February 2015. The Intel ISEF is where the best of world’s best
young scientists and inventors from over 60 countries come together each year to share their ideas, showcase their cutting edge science and engineeringprojects and win awards and scholarships.
The SLSEF is a joint effort where the Ministry of Edu-cation, National Science Foundation (NSF), Intel® EMLimited-Sri Lanka Liaison Office and the IESL hadjoined hands since year 2007 to promote creativity andinnovation among the country’s younger generation.Every year 20 competitors are selected from two sepa-rate competitions, the Junior Inventor of the Year (JIY)competition conducted by the IESL and the ScienceResearch Project Competition (SRPC) conducted by theNSF, to compete at the SLSEF to select three of thebest among them to participate at an international levelin the Intel ISEF held in USA.
Since beginning to participate in the Intel ISEF, stu-dent of Sri Lanka, who has been selected through Jun-ior Inventor of the Year (JIY) competition organized byInstitution of Engineers, Sri Lanka, has done the coun-try proud by managing to win awards and recognitionwinning the 3rd place grand award in 2009 on their2nd appearance and clinching the 1st place grandaward in Computer Engineering at their 3rd appearance(2010). The latter achievement earned the distinction ofa newly discovered planet being named after the winnerwho was also the Junior Inventor of the Year 2010 nomi-nated to the Intel ISEF competition by the IESL. JIYfinalists were able to win the IEEE Award and Intel Ex-cellence award in computer science in Intel ISEF at 5th
appearance (2012) and also won the 1st place grandaward in category of Electrical & Mechanical Engineer-ing and Special award from the Ashtavadhani VidwanAmbati Subbaraya Chetty Foundation at 6th appear-ance (2013). At 7th appearance (2014), JIY winners wonthe 2nd place grand award in category of Electrical &Mechanical Engineering , 4th place grand award incategory of Computer Science and two Special awardsfrom the American Intellectual Property Law Associa-tion & U.S. Agency for International Development.The fame and recognition achieved so soon has led toa rapid rise in the popularity of the competition amongschool children all over the country.
Welcoming the participants to this year’s SLSEF theVice President of the IESL, Eng. Jayavilal Meegodapointed out the significant contributions JIY programmeis making to the students and the country providingmotivation to be creative and innovative. Also Eng.Jayavilal Meegoda said that the SLSEF is being held forthe seventh time and that the country has to be proudof the way its school children have performed in the faceof international competition. He pointed out the exhaus-tive preliminary selection process undertaken by theIESL in selecting 50 finalists from the nearly 1000 schoolchildren projects demonstrated to panel of judges atColombo and all the provinces. He said that 20 of thefinalists were given the opportunity to exhibit their in-ventions to the industry and the public at the NationalEngineering Exhibition (TECHNO) in October 2014at the BMICH. The top 10 of these finalists have beennominated to the SLSEF 2015 he concluded.
Master Mahendiran Sivatharshan & Miss Subodha Sewwandi were selected to representSri Lanka at the Intel ISEF in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,USA in May 2015.
Master Mahendiran Sivatharshan Miss Subodha Sewwandi
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, SRI LANKACompetition
on“Role of Engineer meeting Future
Challenges of Water Resources Development andManagement for Sustainable Development in Sri
Lanka”Session 2014 / 2015
Sponsored byInternational Water Management Institute (IWMI)
We are pleased to announce that arrangements are being made for the forthcoming Competitionon Water Resources Development sponsored by IWMI towards the Annual Sessions of IESL inOctober 2015. The prizes will be given for the two best Technical Papers under the above mentionedtheme prepared for this competition by Associate Members & Corporate Members of IESL. Jointlyauthored papers will be accepted, provided at least one of the authors satisfies the above criteria.Papers must be original and demonstrate the author’s knowledge and experience of the subject.The award winning articles will be published in the journal, “Engineer” of the IESL.Water is a vital input in industrial, energy, tourism, recreational, navigation, agriculture, forestry,livestock and fishery sectors. As water scarcity grows, competition among sectors and users,and between the human needs and the environment intensifies. Effective and efficient watermanagement is therefore a prerequisite for sustainable socio-economic development.The paper can address extraction, storage, distribution, use and disposal issues in any eco-nomic sector. It should illustrate how engineering and technology is applied in increasing produc-tivity, in balancing supply and demand of water and/or in reducing water pollution and protectingfreshwater ecosystems.Preference will be given to papers of an empirical and analytical nature based on primary and/or secondary data although papers addressing topical issues through conceptual develop-ment may also be forwarded.
Intention to participate in this competition should be intimated to us along with your Appli-cation Form & the full Technical Papers on or before May 30, 2015. IESL form IWMI/1should be used for this purpose.Further information could be obtained from the Chairman, Steering Committee onWater Resources Development of Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka, on Tel: 077 35 40350 or Manager Publicity-IESL 011-2685490, 011-2698426 or 011-2699210, ext - 232, 207,E-mail: [email protected],and [email protected], Fax : 011-2699202.Note: Forms, Rules & Details and Full paper format could also be downloaded fromthe IESL Website, www.iesl.lk or obtained from the IESL Secretariat.-
by Eng. Jayavilal MeegodaVice President, The Institution of Engineers Sri Lanka
Deputy General Manager, Ceylon Electricity Board
AWARDS & PRIZESABOVE 35 YEARS ON 2015.10.01 35 YEARS AND BELOW ON 2015.10.01First place - Rs. 45,000.00 First place - Rs. 30,000.00Second place -Certificate only Second place - Certificate only
by Capt (L) Prashantha Anthonypsc, MSc(DS)Mgt, C.Eng(SL),MIE(SL),C.Eng(India),MIE(India), MIEEE
Introduction
Electronic warfare is defined as the Military action involving the use of electromagneticenergy to determine, exploit, reduce, or prevent radar’s use of electromagnetic spectrum1. Electronic Warfare is organized in to two main categories, EW Support
Measures(ESM) and Electronic Counter measures(ECM). When EW community tries anddegrades the radar capability, the radar community on the other hand uses techniques forsuccessful application of radars by utilizing Electronic Counter-Counter measures.
It is interesting to analyze how the Electronic warfare has affected the developing Navies ingeneral and Sri Lanka Navy in particular. My intention is to highlight the challenges to de-ployment of Advanced EW capabilities and to suggest ways and means to counter thosebarriers by few “counter-counter measures” that can be adopted to ensure the system manu-facturer and the user understand the gaps and successfully bridge them for a mutuallybeneficial EW effort.
EW Systems used in Sri Lanka NavySri Lanka Navy since its formal inception in1950 has developed steadily in Naval forceprojection capability. The role of the Navy wasmore concentrated on the mounting pres-sures of terrorism in the country since late1970s and the acquisition of Naval assetswas based on countering terrorism rather thanforce projection as an Island Nation.At present in Sri Lanka Navy most of the largeships such as Offshore Patrol vessels, FastMissile Vessels and Fast Gun Boats are fit-ted with mid size ESM systems. ECM capa-bility is available in limited number of largeships and Remote Controlled ImprovisedExplosive Device jammers were effectivelyused in countering terrorist activities againstland based naval convoys. Sri Lanka Navyhas a very large component of Naval Patrol-
men who were enlisted and trained to occupy coastal defense bases and Northern islands.Thus the Land based ECM systems were a much needed tool during the times of conflict.ECCM capabilities were largely nonexistent due to fact that there was minimal or no threatof ECM from the terrorist outfit and Navy’s priorities were focused mainly on developing thefighting capability at sea and land.
Who is the real enemy?In the absence of a major conflict with any other country, Sri Lanka Navy has been strength-ening its counter terrorism capabilities over the past 30 years.The government has nowplaced much emphasis in developing overall Naval force projection capabilities with the ac-quisition of new platforms and systems.
The threats posed by Non State actors such as human and arms smuggling, piracy, terror-ism, drug trafficking and poaching in the vast maritime domain encompassing the ExclusiveEconomic Zone of 530,000 square kilometers is cause for much concern as well as theadded responsibilities in the assigned Search and Rescue Region, which amounts to 27times land mass including the main Sea Lines of Communication.
Being a standard Navy, it is en-visaged that new platforms withESM and ECM capabilities andnew systems with ECCM capa-bilities will be acquired in nearfuture to engage in legitimateNaval Electronic warfare.
Uma Oya Project - TheSilence of
Engineers is deafening
Public perception about this project is so negative and asshe is also from the same vulnerable area, now sufferingdue to lack of water, is not an exception. She wants IESLto do something and I persuaded her to talk with the re-gional chapter.
This is not the only case we have heard regarding the con-sequences of development projects. There have been sev-eral such cases and except the top most management,engineers have been so silent. Good or bad, engineersshould debate and argue. Then only the public can receivethe real picture of the situation. As we all see, non-engi-neers are making various claims, giving reasons, but sur-prisingly, engineers have been so silent.
Why so silent?
Why don’t engineers enjoy the power of freedom (to pro-test) which is enjoyed by the general public?
I have been struggling to find answers for the above ques-tions.
Are you writing tothe editor?
As you know, I have been requesting you to write to me (tothe editor) as you are the best person to give us yourfeedback. Sometimes I have got lot of comments fromseniors, but they are mostly the people I know. But howabout others who have come to know me only through theSLEN? Are they accepting in Toto the contents in theSLEN? When ever, we do not get any feedback, we tend toassume that the content in the SLEN is accepted. Lastyear we did a small search on the number of readers ofSLEN and found it to be around one thousand. We know atleast that they had browsed the site, but no informationwhether they actually went through the content. Anywaythis is very discouraging when our membership is beyond12000 and less than 10% are browsing the SLEN. We needyour feedback, and then only we know we are in the righttrack.
Further, in addition to your feedback, we need your write-up to be included in the SLEN. We all are authors; write tous, your article will be published. Don’t forget this “READINGMAKETH A FULL MAN; CONFERENCE A READY MAN;AND WRITING AN EXACT MAN-SIR FRANCIS BACON”.Reading makes you full (of knowledge). Conference (ortalking to others) makes you ready to deal with situationsbecause you learn from others. Writing makes you exactbecause when your write incorrectly you hear about it fromcritics and that forces you to know your facts to correctthe mistakes.
Please send us your comments and constructive criticism.We are ready to change to improve the quality of the SLEN.I wish all our readers a Happy and Prosperous Sinhala andHindu New Year!
Recently, one of my oldstudents, who is fromBandarawela con-
tacted me to express her opin-ion on Uma oya project. Shehas been so nervous (as anengineer) due to the pressurefrom her community to dosomething to solve this prob-lem.
quirement of improved modesof transportation, all have beeninsisting ‘Electrified Transpor-tation’ in Sri Lanka from a longtime. This requires collabora-tive efforts of both power andtransportation sectors. So far,experts have carried out theirown research and policy mak-ers have taken their own deci-sions either with or without therecommendations of the ex-perts, but none were imple-mented yet.
This issue was the topic for theannual panel discussion orga-nized by the Electrical Engi-neering Society (EESoc) ofthe University of Moratuwa,which was recently held atWater’s Edge, Colombo. Apanel of professional expertspresented their views and rec-ommendations on the subjectand also followed an open dis-cussion with the audience ofthe corporate sector and Uni-versity academics.
Minister of Power & Energy,Hon. Patali ChampikaRanawaka taking part as thechief guest of the event em-phasized the importance ofchanging the present non-sus-tainable economy based onthe service sector to a sustain-able knowledge basedeconomy demanding technol-ogy and innovation.The Former General Managerof the CEB and theimmmediate Past President ofthe Institution of Engineers, SriLanka, Eng. ShavindranathFernando, delivering the keynote speech gave an insightin to the role that the relevantauthorities have so far playedfor electrification of transport.“In 1983, I was doing somework in the energy sector andI had to analyse the CEB load
profile and the demand pro-jections. To my surprise,there was an electricity de-mand component for railwayelectrification and 32 yearslater, we are still talkingabout railway electrification.Railway electrification wasfirst proposed by noneother than one of our greatvisionary engineers, D.JWimalasurendra some-where in the early 1920s” hesaid.
Further, Eng.Shavindranath, noting thateven though the hybrid carshave been flourishing, elec-tric cars have been im-ported only by a few,pointed out that “with thetax reductions for importa-tion of electric vehicles, itis imperative that we all inthe transport and energysectors get together andaddress the myriad of is-sues that necessarily willhave to be addressed ur-gently”.
The panel discussion withthe professional expertsgave the opportunity foreach panellist to presenttheir views in their fields ofknowledge on the subject.Dr. Lalithasiri Gunaruwan,Secretary to the Ministry ofInternal transport and
erating loss of Sri Lanka Rail-way and, electrification oftransport operations might bea society friendly solution inthis regard, to improve theproductivity and competitive-ness in the transportationsector.
Expressing the views on fu-ture trends of transportation,Prof. Amal S. Kumarage, Se-nior lecturer of the Dept ofTransport & Logistics Man-agement, University ofMoratuwa and Former Chair-man of the National TransportCommission mentioned that“The demand for mobility isincreasing all the time, it hasincreased with populationover the years but it has beennoticed that even when thepopulation stops growing thedemand for mobility in-creases. In fact, it’s foundnow that it’s almost directlyproportional to income” refer-ring to the statistical details.
Looking into the future incase of Western province, hesaid that in order to maintainthe present road speeds by2030, the road capacity
former General Manager ofSLR was the first panellist toaddress the gathering.
Being a leading Economist,Dr. Gunaruwan speaking onthe ups and downs of SriLankan economy came tothe point that enhancing theproductivity is the way to re-lieve the country from themiddle income trap and en-ergy should gain due focusas it is directly proportionalto productivity. Dr.Gunaruwan said that if 1% ofthe petroleum imports can besaved through productivityand efficiency, it will save ap-proximately 40 million USDper year, which is nearly oneand half times the annual lossto Sri Lanka Transport Boardand more than the annual op-
should be increased by 100%and highways will still be arequirement. Prof. Kumaragefurther stated that encourag-ing public transport, influenc-ing to shift from road to railand from private modes topublic modes of transporta-tion, providing a variety oftransportation modes, savingenergy and achieving cost ef-fectiveness will resolve theseissues.
Eng. LakshithaWeerasinghe, Cheif Engineer(Business & OperationalStrategy) of CEB said that“41% of the national incomeis spent on importing petro-leum, 66% of this is for thetransport sector and 98.5%transport sector petroleumusage of the country is topower road transport. If we
can gradually transform ourvehicle fleet into electricitywhat would happen is, thepetroleum demand in thetransport sector will transferto the load.” Further, he ex-plained that this can be en-couraged by introducing a‘Time of Day’ tariff for elec-tricity with a low off peak rateto charge electric vehiclesand renewable energysources like wind are eligibleto absorb this load. Eng.Lakshitha also spilled thebeans on CEB’s consider-ations to set up rapid charg-ing stations in the country.
Following the same conceptof electric vehicles, Dr.Narendra De Silva, the Headof Engineering, LECO said,“There will be a smart meterwhere the vehicle will de-mand the number of hoursof charging and we will dy-namically allocate the capac-ity to the vehicles. Consid-ering the efficiency issue,when you look at the overallefficiency of the entirelifecycle efficiency of thisbusiness, probably at thehighest efficiency we’ll beconverting the primary en-ergy to electricity at about35-38%, then at the electricvehicle we’ll be convertingthat efficiency at about 70-80%, this should be con-trasted to the vehicle effi-ciency of somewhere lyingabout 15%. If you work outthese numbers you will seethat transmission lossesshould be less than 10% tomake this efficiency pumpeconomy... so every stationor the other we may need toprovide a connection tomaintain the reliability of thenetwork”. Further Dr.Narendra also commented onthe need to increase the ca-pacity of the transformers tomeet the increased demandof the consumers.
Presenting the results of acase study on railway elec-trification, Dr. TilakSiyambalapitiya, a premierEnergy Consultant in thecountry and a Former Presi-dent of Sri Lanka EnergyManagers Associationshowed that its implementa-tion can be started by elec-trifying Panadura toVeyangoda railway line. Dr.Siyambalapitiya explainedthat a 25kV overhead linecan be used to supply powerto the train and one of therails can be used as the re-
Electrified Transportation - The Step towards FutureKey Note Speech: by Eng. Shavindranath Fernando
"'Hon. Minister of Power andEnergy Eng. Patali ChampikaRanawaka MP, our ChiefGuest this evening, Hon. Min-ister of Internal TransportRanjith Madduma BandaraMP, our Guest of Honour, Prof.Ananda Jayawardane ViceChancellor University ofMoratuwa, distinguishedinvitees, Panel members,members of EESOC, Ladiesand gentlemen, I am verypleased to stand before youand deliver this key notespeech, knowing very well thatI am not the best person to doso in the midst of a very distin-guished and a highly knowl-edgeable audience and apanel.
In 1979 when I joined CEB Iwas attached to KelanitissaPower station and the Pettahpower station was looked af-ter by our staff. There wereseveral outgoing feeders fromthis power station allocated forthe tram lines and trolley busservice as the Pettah Powerstation was primarily put up in1902 for the Colombo ElectricTramways and Lighting Com-pany. So here we are re open-ing the topic of electrificationof our transport system onceagain more than half a centuryafter the electrified transportsystem that we had in Co-lombo operated by the Co-lombo Municipality wasscraped. It defies me to find thereasons for these decisions asI was told by none other thanMr. H S Subasinghe formerGeneral Manager of CEB andthe first Chairman of LECO,that they had to canvass thetea factories during the sameperiod to electrify their own fac-tories scrapping the large num-ber of mini hydro power sta-tions that were powering them.So it is not uncommon for SriLankans to do one thing in onehand and undo it at the sametime from the other.
In 1983, I was involved in do-ing some work in the energysector and I had to analyse theCEB load profile and the de-mand projections. To my sur-prise there was an electricitydemand component for railwayelectrification, 32 years laterwe are still talking about rail-way electrification. Railwayelectrification was first pro-posed by none other than oneof our great visionary engineerD J Wimalasurendra some-where in the early 1920s.
When I was small we hadgreen coloured electric trolleybuses silently moving in Pettahand Fort with their character- Contd. on page 10...
istic horn. My grand motherused to talk about the tramcars. The rail lines laid inthe middle of the roads inColombo were still visibleuntil recently. These tramcars were taken off theroads I believe in 1959 or soand the trolley buses toowere taken off in 1964. I be-lieve the decision to scrapthem were made due to mis-management, unionism andpolitics at that time and maynot necessarily be for eco-nomic reasons.
In 1992, we in Sri Lanka En-ergy Managers Associationorganized a roundtable ontransportation, I organizedthis event with the expertsat that time, late JohnDiandas, Dr. Jayawardane(?), Prof KKYW Perera andfew others including DIG(Traffic) Mr.Perimpanayagam as maincontributors. It was a verysuccessful one at that timeand some SLEMA membersmade even slide presenta-tions that led to immediateleveling of some roadhumps that were put upnear the pedestrian cross-ings of the universities,when everyone realized uni-versity students were notMontessori students!! Thenfew bus bays were alsoconstructed on Galle road,though at that time late Mr.John Diandas was againstthis concept where he ar-gued the busses shouldstop on the main road whileprivate vehicles should veeraway from the main line traf-fic giving priority to buses. Idon’t think this will ever hap-pen though it has a very ra-tional base, perhaps until allof us travel in buses. Onceagain last year too SLEMAhad its annual sessionsdedicated for sustainabletransportation.
Then in 2008 the Institutionof Engineers Sri Lankasponsored a study of rail-way electrification and weeven got the assistance
from the Institution of Engi-neers India to send an ex-pert in railway electrificationand I am sure Tilak who wasinvolved in the study willdwell on. The study had veryclear conclusions and acabinet paper was draftedby the Ministry of Power andEnergy and our minister atthat time none other than our
chief Guest signed it andsent it to the Ministry ofTransport which I believe isstill there to be signed bythe Minister! This cabinet pa-per never saw the light of theday.
These are some of the at-tempts made by the profes-sionals of this country to ad-dress the efficiency improve-ments in the transport sec-tor. I must admit unlike inother sectors nothing muchhas happened in the electri-fication of the transport sec-tor though it seems to be theobvious solution to manyproblems in this sector. I amsure those who are involvedin this sector know only toowell why nothing rational canbe done. I do not want to gointo details as they arebound to come up in the laterdiscussion session.
So it is very opportune to talkabout this topic today and Icongratulate EESoc for tak-ing the initiative.
Coming to the topic of theday, it is timely and oppor-tune to take up this matter
as a priority due to more thanone reason.
a) For quite some timenow hybrid cars are sought af-ter by many car users and thereis very little effort to track downthe energy efficiency of thesecars and come out with a policyto encourage them and to seethe possibility of off line supple-mentary charging if it can bedone or if it need to be encour-aged.
b) For at least 10 yearselectric cars have been importedby enthusiasts and not reallyas a need, to be introduced es-pecially for urbane commuting,for which in my own mind hasa tremendous advantage of notonly the efficiency gains in run-ning on congested urban roadsbut also as a measure to re-duce urban pollution from fos-sil fuel powered vehicles. With
the current tax reductions forimportation of such vehicles, itis imperative that we all in thetransport and energy sector gettogether and address themyriad of issues that necessar-ily will have to be addressed asa matter of urgency.
c) We also have to at thesame time see the validity ofimposition of increase of cus-tom duty on hybrid vehicles inthe light of the argument that itfavours the electric cars, ofwhich I am not quite convincedif it had been done with this ob-ject in mind or the real reason
is something else. So Ileave it to the experts to ar-gue this out.
d) The CEB has an in-stalled capacity of around4000MW with 900 MW ofbase load capacity in coalpower plants and a maxi-mum demand of nearly 2000MW. This excess capacitycan be used to meet the re-quirement of the transpor-tation sector. The load fac-tor of the system whichstands at around 68% canbe improved tremendouslyby prudent demand sidemanagement techniqueswhich include electrificationof transport sector as well.
e) The discovery ofnatural gas in the Manar ba-sin is something that needto be taken into cognizanceas we have more than 600MW combined cycle plantsthat can easily be poweredby natural gas and their ca-pacity too can be utilizedto meet the new demand inthe transport sector or natu-ral gas can be used directlyas a fuel in transport hencedetail studies are requiredto ascertain the best use ofthe natural gas in the trans-port sector, from a techno-economic point of view.
In-depth and well coordi-nated studies are needed ifwe are not to make anymore mistakes and nullifywhat one arm of the gov-ernment does with theother. I would like to placeon record that, at a semi-nar conducted by the UGCfew weeks ago on the find-ings of Natural Gas , policyon petroleum and electric-
ity sector was discussed.Politics aside, I categori-cally mentioned that the big-gest mistake we have donein the energy sector in SriLanka was the separationof the ministries of Petro-leum, Power and the renew-
ALCO, the Unsung Hero of Sri Lankan Railby Eng. D U L Peeligama(Life Member)
It too is Canadian, but not“The Canadian”, which terminology can only be used
in referring to one class of lo-comotive in Sri Lankan railwayparlances, the legendary M2.It is not the M2 that is beingdiscussed here, but “The OtherCanadian”, the Montreal Loco-motive Works (MLW) builtClass M4,now entering its for-tieth year of service on the rail-ways of Sri Lanka.
Large and ponderous, theymay lack the athletic goodlooks and flamboyance of theM2 to thrill the hearts of railfans. Nor can they boast oftheM2’s deep two stroke thun-der to announce their imminentarrival from miles away or evensplit asunder the quiet of awarm Wanni night with a blastfrom triple Airchime horns. Yetin their inimitable way the M4shave established a quiet repu-tation as one of the most du-rable classes of locomotives onthe Sri Lankan railway system.The fact that they continue toprovide yeoman service still isa testimony to the excellenceof their design and the stan-dards of their manufacturer.
The M4 Class arrived in SriLanka in 1975, a total of four-teen locomotives in all. These
Class M4 MLW ALCO Locomotive
Class M8 DLW ALCO Locomotive
diesel electrics were manufac-tured in Canada by MLW (nowowned by Bombardier) to anAmerican Locomotive Com-pany (ALCO) design. Theywere a standard ALCO prod-uct adapted to Sri Lanka’sbroad gauge. At the time ofarrival they were the most pow-erful locomotives in Sri Lanka,their renowned ALCO 12-251Cengines developing a massive1,750hp. Their tractive effortwas in excess of 50,000 lbs.Understandably, they were biglocomotives, weighing around94 tons and nearly 60 ft long,with a Co-Co type wheel ar-rangement. It is learnt that theSri Lankan Railways sent anengineer over to MLW inCanada for inspection and wit-
Class M10 DLW ALCO Locomotive
nessing the factory testsprior to shipping the loco-motives. The locomotivescame, but not the engineer,apparently he stayed be-hind and joined CanadianPacific, or so they say!
On arrival they began tak-ing over the running of crackexpresses such as the“Yal Devi” and“UdarataMenike”, whichtrain had hitherto been thepreserve of the hydraulicW2s, already showingsigns of impending and pre-mature breakdown. Unfor-tunately for the M4s, thetight reverse curves of theUp Country Main Line did
not take kindly to their im-mense wheelbase andweight. Soon it becameapparent that track dis-placement was takingplace, especially at thecurves. Sadly, the M4s hadto be withdrawn from theUp Country line and con-fined to the more gentlecurves of the flatlands,which duties theyhandled admirably. It wasindeed an impressive sightto see a huge M4 at speed,galloping down the parchedDry Zone plains with the“Yal Devi” in tow!
It is pertinent here to brieflyexplore the history of theirmanufacturers and design.
The American LocomotiveCompany (ALCO), estab-lished in 1901, was a well-known steam locomotivebuilder in the US. They roseto the pinnacle of locomotivebuilding when in 1941 theyunearthed the colossal “BigBoy”, the largest steam lo-
comotive ever built,weighing550 tons and capable of haul-ing 4,000 ton freights unas-sisted over the ShermanHills! By the mid-1930s, in-terest in diesel traction in theUS was gaining momentumdue to the pioneering workundertaken by the ElectroMotive Division (EMD) ofGeneral Motors (GM). Al-though ALCO had produceda diesel locomotive in 1924it was not until the late 1930sthat ALCO entered the die-sel locomotive field in ear-nest. In fact in the early1940s ALCO produced thefirst “Road Switcher” type lo-comotive, the RS1. Unfortu-nately for ALCO, EMD tookthe Road Switcher conceptto the next level with theirrevolutionary GP7 in 1949,sweeping all before them inthe field of diesel locomotivebuilding. Sadly, EMD’s sub-sequent almost monopolisticdominance, spelt the deathknell for ALCO.
ALCO found they could notcompete with the might ofGM’s EMD and GeneralElectric (GE), a late entrantto the diesel locomotive field.Finally in 1969, they closed
down their Schenectady Lo-comotive Works, becomingdefunct in the US. However,MLW in Canada, already asubsidiary of ALCO, contin-ued the manufacture ofALCO locomotives even in tothe 1980s, not withstandinga take-over by Bombardier in1975.
Fortunately for ALCO, de-spite their demise in the US,manufacturing of their de-signs had been establishedoverseas, in Australia byGoodwin and in India by theDiesel Locomotive Works(DLW) in Varanasi. The In-dian Railways (IR) ownedDLW had been establishedin 1961 and turned out theirfirst locomotives in 1964 toa then current ALCO design.DLW have not looked backsince and today is one of thelargest manufacturers of lo-
comotives in the world. Ad-mittedly, their locomotivesmay be to a now somewhatarchaic ALCO design datingback several decades, but inrecent times they haveturned out state of the art ACdrive locomotives in collabo-ration with EMD up to 5,000hp in output. Nonetheless,ALCO locomotives producedby DLW have dominated theIndian diesel scene for overfive decades. Of the five thou-sand odd diesel locomotivesoperating currently on thevast Indian railway network,one of the biggest and wellrun railway operations in theworld, more than 60% areALCO! Especially the WDM2 Class, a rugged and reli-able variant of ALCO’sDL560C design, one of themodels developed by thenow defunct US Company inthe early 1960s for the worldmarket, has continued to bethe workhorse on Indian rail.The Class still continues tobe built with over 2,700 unitsconstructed. IR has selectedthis Class as the standarddesign for their broad gaugesystem.
It is then no surprise that theM4 was joined by their cous-ins from across the PalkStraits, the Class M8 in 1996.Even heavier than the M4 at113 tons, they had the 16 cyl-inder version of the ALCO251B engine producing awhopping 2,400 hp, the high-est in Sri Lanka. With Co-Cowheel arrangement, againtheir weight and length pre-cluded their use on the UpCountry Main Line. Two of theeight locomotives received,designated Class M8A, camewith the 12 cylinder engineoffering 2,000 hp. In 2012 theM10 Class appeared, evenheavier at 117 tons and morethan 60 ft long, they remainthe heaviest and longest die-sel locomotive to run on theSri Lankan system. Based onthe DLW Class WDM 3A, anddual air/vacuum braking fitted,their ALCO 251C engines pro-duce 2,300 hp. With a total ofnine in the Class, used mainlyon the recently re-laid North-ern track, their enormous trac-tive effort approaching 60,000lbs, could make short work ofthe heaviest twenty coachpassenger trains on flat track.
No doubt the Indian ALCOshave had their fair share ofteething troubles. Mainte-nance charges such as cor-rosion, oil leaks, engine prob-lems have been levelledagainst them, especially theM8s. It is common to see agrime and soot covered M8clanging along belching blacksmoke at the head of a train,but then this is seen more asan issue of poor maintenance(perhaps not the blacksmoke, see later!) than of de-sign or manufacture. Theseare a proven age old design,relatively unsophisticatedwithout catastrophically fail-ing electronics, hardy andable to put up with rough andtumble conditions! Their rug-ged low revving engines (maxi-mum 1,000 rpm) could go onfor decades. After all they arethe backbone of the railwaysof our neighbours across theStraits!
It is a well-known factamongst railway men thatALCO locomotives oftenthrow out volumes of denseblack smoke, so much so,that in some quarters of theUS, they have been dubbedas “honourary steam locomo-tives”! This is a feature ob-served even with the relativelynew M10s! The reason for thisis “turbo lag”, at low rpm, un-til notch 4 or 5 on the throttleis selected, there is insuffi-
by Eng. Tharindu Weerasinghe[MSc.Eng, BSc.Eng(Hons), C|EH, MIEEE, MCCSL, AMIESL]
It was a debatable matterin the law field few daysback regarding the validity
of contesting for third term bythe previous president. Theargument from one side isthat he was not qualifiedbecause of not following theprocedure correctly to getqualified for contesting. Theother party denied it sayingthat the intention or objectiveis of prime importance andhence the adherence to theprocedure is a secondarymatter. That seems to be avery valid argument because,a simple mistake or deviationof one party should not makea chance for the other partyto defeat the intention & tochange the whole scope orthe whole matter. {Not only inthis case, but in general also(willful)intention is given theprominence in law whendeciding the cases (speciallythe murder cases);hence inone hand, the above argumentis not a new thing to the law.Hence the writer has takenthe above particular issue andmentioned the importance inthis instance not to favour anyparty (those who areinvolved), but solely to extendit to the Civil Engineering fieldalso & only to get theadvantage of it for solving thedisputes in this field }
Contractual claims areformed based on theconditions of contract,according to the provisionsthere in & interpretations.Contract agreementcomprises of a set ofconditions of which agreedupon by the contractor & theclient to perform & fulfillduring the construction isgoing on. Both the parties ofthe agreement are with ageneral norm that no party iscoming to the agreement,with a willful intention ofloosing or falling the otherparty in trouble & they are ingood faith. In the context ofcontractual claims, there arevery obvious claim situationssuch as delay in instructions& decisions, machinesideling due to work stoppage,idling due to shifting ofservices, due to attending forextra work, instructions foracceleration, etc. This is thefirst category of claiming. Inaddition to these obvioussituations ,claims are seems
to have been lodged for someother situations also, whichare not much clear & notstraight forward as above.Some of the loop holes in theclauses, some of thediscripancies, ambiguities incontract clauses, when somerequirement is not veryspecifically stated in writingor covered situations in thedocument, laps in thecontractual procedure (notfollowing & fulfilling the correctcontract procedures),deviations & omissions, wayof interpreting, ignoringimplied terms, generalpractice, norms, back ground,innocent mistakes, wrongassumptions etc. are theexamples to such unclearsituations. It can beconsidered as the secondcategory of claiming.
With regard to theoccurrences of the firstcategory, claim situation isvery obvious & noarguments;hence thecontractor is entitled forclaiming extra. Compare tothe first, mostly for thesecond category will behaving strong points to beargued by the both parties for& against the claim. It isresulted, because of thisunclear & disparity nature ofthe claim. Hence, mostly thesecond category, due to thisunclear nature will lead toextend (drag-on)the matter tillarbitration for a final decision.Hence this paper will look intothe latter type(secondcategory ) of claims whichmentioned as unclearsituations, ambiguities etc &solving of the claims promptlyby stressing the intention &with due respect to the same(as in above court case)without dragging –on tillarbitration.
In contractual claims, sometimes the contractor is tryingto get the advantage of thesituation by claiming from theclient in extra sum of money& some times the client istrying to get the advantage byrequesting the contractor todo at his cost while assumingthat it has been covered in thedocument & included in therates. Sometimes the
Contd. on page 11...
We may feel unhappy about ourpast because we
have missed several thingswhich could have been ac-complished in the past! In re-ality, we may not be able tofulfill each and everythingthat we plan but if we don’thave proper plans and en-thusiasm then we will surelymiss things and moments ofour lives, that will lead us tofeel unhappy about our past!
To live happily at present,you should have done thingsthat you should do in thepast. (It does not mean thatwe should always think ofour successful past and behappier but it is nice to havea successful past to moveforward) If I elaborate on itfurther, you must concen-trate on doing the appropri-ate work at the appropriateage. You should learn whatyou should and what you liketo learn (school education,higher education, technicaleducation and so on) whenyou are a child and young-ster. You should do physi-cal activities (sports, yoga,fitness trainings, etc.) whenyou are young. You shouldtry to enjoy music, read nov-els, play music instruments,write poems etc. in yourspare time. Likewise weneed to do things that wewant to do in the appropri-ate period in our lives. Weshould not let ourselves suf-fer when we are old, think-ing about the missing as-pects in our youth. Weshould always keep in mindthat there is time and placefor everything. We need toaccomplish things at theright time. We have to begood children, need to belovers and have to be respon-sible parents to our childrenat the right time of our lifespan. If we have accom-plished those goals at theright time then we are suc-cessful as laymen/women.
I have several examples toemphasize that we shouldhave accomplished most ofthe things that should havebeen done during our child-hood and young age. I feelsad about me sometimesbecause I can’t play anymusical instrument and I
can’t swim. I really do thinkthat I have missed learningand practicing those twothings during my childhoodand I do believe that I amnot too late to accomplishthose as I am still in myearly thirties. But slowly butsurely, when you are beingloaded with responsibilities,you may not have flexibilityof doing what you like to do,frequently.
Extracurricular activities
When I was in the univer-sity, I engaged in many ex-tracurricular activities re-lated to arts, public speak-ing and cricket. I was keenon being popular among thecampus crowd as an aes-thetic engineering under-graduate. Because of that Imay have missed a firstclass honors. [I ended upwith a second (lower) classhonors] Now I have 60%-40% feelings of guilt andpride; guilt because, I didn’tmake it towards a 1st classand; pride because, I wasa popular/all-round under-graduate in the university.Anyway, I still wonder whyI have missed a first classor second upper...But as aprofessional, now I amhappy about the way that Iappear in the society andabout my past also, but Ishould have paid more at-tention towards studies dur-ing my university life.
With experience, now Iknow my strengths andweaknesses. So what do Ido now? I make mystrengths stronger andweaknesses, lesser...
Different Walks of Life
I was a lover, then becamea husband, then became afather...These significantepisodes of human lifeshould be completed at theright time! As laymen, weshould love, should be lov-ers; should be married,should be good spouses;should cuddle the kids,should be good parents. Ifthese significant episodesget delayed then the life isnot comfortable as we think.
We may buy a car, buy orbuild a house, enjoy our
spare time, chill-out with fam-ily and friends….These thingsmake you completed if you dothem at right time!
Duties
We must take care of our par-ents. When they get old andweaker we are the ones whoshould look after them. Oth-erwise we may feel the guiltwhen our parents are not withus anymore. Sometimes dueto our busy schedules wetend to forget our parents’needs. Our busy schedulesare not an excuse for not tak-ing care of our parents. Weshould organize our timetables in a way that we areable to look after our parents.As citizens, we must be loyalto our country. We should notcarry any harmful feelings todestroy the sovereignty of thiscountry. We should act timelywhen the motherland needsus! If we are late then we mayfeel the guilt!
As professionals we must beloyal to our professions. Wemust have the dedication andintegrity to be successful pro-fessionals. If we are late thenmay feel the guilt!Start think-ing about you now! If you thinkthat you are late in some epi-sodes, and then make surethat you are not, anymore!Identify where you were andwhere you should have been;that will help you to be at theright place at the right time!
Thus, it is obvious that thereis time and place for every-thing. To avoid sorrow atpresent, you must have aproper past, [proper gives themeaning of wellmanaged!]Here I have sharedsomething which I experi-enced over the last 15 yearsand they taught me good les-sons! This existence is veryshort; as laymen we need toget the maximum out of it.
Have proper plans, arrangethem, execute them, optimizethem, maintain them - thenyou will become a person withsuccess! We must be peoplewho do things right, at the righttime! To end this article, I mustrecall something that the LordBuddha has mentioned: I willwrite it as I have understoodit: “Don’t be late! People whoare late will suffer; People whoare not will win!
Readers please note opinions expressed in thefollowing article are solely that of the author and openfor discussion.
seeing by Eng. Thushara Dissanayake Department of Irrigation
The movie “A beautifulmind” is based on thebiography of the great
American mathematician JohnForbes Nash. He won theNobel Prize in economic sci-ences for his work on GameTheory together with his col-leagues ReinhardSelten andJohn Harsnyi in 1994. Born inJune 13, 1928 John ForbesNash has worked on differen-tial geometry and partial differ-ential equations as well to pro-vide solutions to many practi-cal complexities of real world.Today, the Game Theory isused in strategic decisionmaking especially in conflictresolution.
The movie “A beautiful mind”was directed by Ron Howardand it won four AcademyAwards, for Best Picture, BestDirector, Best Adapted Screen-play and Best Supporting Ac-tress in the 74th AcademyAwards held in 2002. RussellCrowe portrayed as John Nashand Jennifer Connelly acted asAlicia Nash, the spouse ofNash.
The story of this sentimentalbiographic drama film startswith the university life of JohnNash at Princeton University in1947. This handsome geniusis a recipient of the prestigiousCarnegie scholarship for math-ematics. During his early lifein the university Nash beginsto develop paranoid schizo-phrenia. Nash publishes an ar-ticle on new concept of govern-ing dynamics which paves himthe way to join the Massachu-setts Institute of Technology(MIT). Later Nash is invited tocrack encrypted enemy com-munications at the Pentagon.His mental ability to decodethose codes surpassed theabilities of all others involvedin this task. Considering hisdecoding talents he is as-signed to look for patterns inprinted material like newspa-
pers and magazines in orderto prevent Soviet conspira-cies. Meanwhile he falls in lovewith his student Alicia Larde(Connelly) and before longthey get married.
After witnessing a shootoutbetween his Supervisor andSoviet agents he feels that hislife is at risk. While deliveringa lecture at the Harvard Uni-versity he flees from the placeas he develops a sudden anxi-ety as a result of paranoidschizophrenia. Nash believesthat all men who wore red tiesare agents of communist con-spiracy against him. Later heis forcibly kept at a psychiat-ric facility and he believes thatit belongs to Soviet agents.The treatments cause sideeffects like lethargy and Nashstops taking his medicine.Nash becomes more ob-sessed leading to many con-flicts in his family life as well.Finally, with Alicia’s help he re-covers his mental strengthand regains his status as agreat mathematician. With thegradual improvement of hismental condition he is able tostart his academic activitiesagain. In 1994, he wins theNobel Memorial Prize in Eco-nomics for his revolutionarywork on game theory.
A beautiful mind is one of thebest biography films I haveever seen. It is a real exampleof a courageous man, in facta mathematical genius, whoultimately reaches to greatheights surpassing all agoniesand obstacles. Russell Croweand Jennifer Connelly performtheir roles excellently.Russell’s role as a personsuffering from schizophrenia isalmost real. I wonder why hecould not win the prize for thebest actor even having beennominated for the same at theAcademy Awards.However,there are some popular criti-cisms on the movie. The crit-ics say that some aspects ofNash’s life are not portrayedin the movie. One such criti-cism is that he has had an-other family with a son bornout of wedlock. According tothe filmmakers they have notexpected to literally representall life events of Nash.All in all, this is a great moviewith a mix of humor, romanceand sympathy. If you are amovie lover this will be a movieworth seeing.
cient air produced by the turbocharger for proper combustion, the unburnt fuel passing offinto the exhaust stack as soot and smoke. Once the turbocharger reaches speed andadequate air is provided, the problem eases off in the higher notches. It is learnt that DLWis working on a new design of turbo to overcome this phenomenon.
Despite being a dying breed, vintage ALCO locomotives are still going strong in manyparts of the world, quite apart from India. In countries such as Australia, Mexico, Canada,parts of Africa and some corners of the US where they were born, several ALCOs areperforming to this day,their relative simplicity and ruggedness lending them for ease ofmaintenance and operability, seemingly oblivious to the passage of years.
In Sri Lanka, of the thirty one ALCO locomotives, as far as is known, none have beenscrapped or withdrawn, some even after four decades of intense and almost unnoticedservice, unlike several other classes. No question here, they are the undisputableunsungheroes of Sri Lankan rail!
Reference:Evolution of the American Diesel Locomotive, J Parker Lamb, Indiana University Press,2007 Railway Engineering, Satish Chandra & M M Agarwal, Oxford University Press, 2013Photos courtesy of Rail Pictures Net
ALCO, the Unsung....Contd. from page 7...
ENG. S. CHANDRAPALAN
Eng. ShanmugampillaiChandrapalan, SeniorProject Director in RoadDevelopment Authorityand well known person-ality in social and reli-gious activities passedaway on 15-03-2015 atprivate hospital in Co-lombo after a brief illnessat the age of 59.
He had his primary edu-cation at NavalapitiyaKathiresan KumaraMaha Vidyalaya andGampola Zahira College.
He entered the MoratuwaUniversity in 1976 andpassed out in 1980 withB. Sc. Eng (Hons) inCivil Engineering andcompleted his MasterEngineering in Construc-tion Management in 1991at the same University.
From December 1980 hejoined the KeangnamEnterprises Ltd as SiteEngineer on New TownDevelopment Project andlater in 1981 March hedecided to join in CentralEngineering ConsultancyBureau (CECB) and sec-onded to the BalfourBeatty Nuttall Joint Ven-ture and served as RoadEngineer in Victoria Hy-dro Electric PowerProject.
In May 1983 he servedas a design engineer inCECB and Seconded toSir William HalcrowePartners on KotmaleHydro Electric PowerProject.
In April 1984 EngChandrapalan joint TargetL.L.C Sultanate of Oman assite Engineer and served twoand half year in 2.4 kmGabbion Wall Project Site.
When he returns back to SriLanka in October 1986 hejoins the Balfour Beatty Inter-national Ltd as Senior Engi-neer at Victoria RandenigalaRoad Project. Later in Janu-ary 1988 he joined Road De-velopment Authority as Resi-dent Engineer and served inmany Local & ForeignFunded Projects in variouscapacities such as SeniorEngineer, Project Engineer,Chief Engineer, Dy. Directorand Project Director.
During the period of March2000 to March 2012 he servedin Bangladesh Wilbur SmithAssociate as Pavement En-gineer in Road Project.
Engineer Chandrapalan canbest be described firstly as agentleman to the core andtrue friend who will go the ex-tra miles for you. He had dis-ciplined himself and the fam-ily. He was the man of thehighest integrity and be-longed to that rare breed of
government servants who werein a class by themselves.
His was a life that exemplifiedbrilliance and inspired all whocrossed his path. With hisdedicated service as aCharted Engineer to the local& foreign countries since itsinception Eng Chandrapalantouches the lives of many withhis kind and gentle nature, hissoft spoken words in all threelanguages and his ever smil-ing face. He was sincere, ear-nest and loyal in his service.His was living proof of how finea Project Director can be. Hewas not only cheerful in him-self but he gave much cheer-fulness to others, especiallyto his family.
The management and the staffof the Ministry of Highways,Higher Education and Invest-ment Promotion and Road De-velopment Authority are deeplysaddened by the death of EngChandrapalan. He was indeedan extraordinary engineer, atrue friend and most of all agreat humanitarian.
Though Eng Chandrapalan isnot among the living today,memories of him will remainfor the rest of our time.
Eng Jayantha GunathilakeAddl. Secretary (Eng)Ministry of Highways, HigherEducation and InvestmentPromotion
Information Warfareis still un-chartered watersin the case of developingNavies such as Sri LankaNavy. Some countries be-lieve certain military forcesare employing Cyber warriorscapable of stealing sensitivedata, engineering computerviruses, launch attack andcounter-attacks on the Net,develop software for info-blocking, paralyzing anddeception etc.
The threat ofInternet, vulnerability ofNavaldata networks and se-cure strategies are beingstudied continuously forpossible solutions andcounter actions by the re-spective authorities of devel-oping nations.
EW as a tool of NetworkCentric Warfare
Network Centricwarfare, rather Network Cen-tric Operations are beinglooked at very seriously athigher levels ofNavalleadership. ElectronicWarfare plays a major roleat the conduct of NetworkCentric Operations. Al-though the deploymentofNCO in developing countriesis at its infancy, unknownenemy is already utilizinghigh end counter measuresagainst possible NetworkCentric ambitions. The cur-rent drive is much centeredon securing the informationinfrastructure on which lim-ited number of high end Net-work Centric sensors areviewed, controlled and main-tained.
Asymmetric warfarestandpoint
Sri Lanka had itsshare of asymmetric warfareduring its 30 years waragainst terrorism. Terroristsused strategies and tacticswhich are un-conventionalsuch as the use of humanshields, Suicide jackets,Suicide small boats, suicidestealth boats, suicide semisubmerged vessels, andKamikaze style light air
craft. No means of standard EWsystems could have avoided suc-cess of such tactics. For an ex-ample stealth boats made out offiber glass and semi submergedsuicide vessels could not be de-tected by radar due to very smallradar cross section. Thisprompted the Navy to look forcustomized small target trackerswhich was later acquired andused very effectively against sui-cide threat.
On the Navy’s front, an innova-tive use of swarming tactics us-ing a large number of small, fastfiber glass boats fitted with highcaliber guns and manned by ahandful number of sailors againsta cluster of terrorist boats provedmuch effective although it pushedasymmetric warfare techniquesto its extremes. Special boatswere constructed at mass scaleat a Naval boat building facilitywhich continuously upgraded itscapability with the ongoing battleexperience. Rapid Action BoatSquadron thus formed consistedof brave men from all brancheswho volunteered to counter thethreat posed by suicide craft andattack boat combinations.
ECM capability on alarger platform acting as a
mother ship would have been aneffective force multiplier for thisRABS operation but time was notenough for an acquisition of such
Contd. from page 4...“Challenges andopportunities....
multi-faceted capability.Also no incidents werereported where enemyhave used Jamming ordeception equipment.
Sri Lankan EW expe-rience in 30 years ofwar against terrorism
The Initialphase from late 1970s
to 1990, only Human Intelligence(HUMINT) was utilized. The useof amateur RF communicationsby terrorists prompted authoritiesto acquire small scale ElectronicIntelligence (ELINT)systems.
The Middle Phase from1990 to 2006, saw heavy use ofELINT by both sides. Inductionof jammers in to the Navy alsooccurred during this phase. TheMilitary started using ESM sys-tems to analyze enemy activi-ties. On the joint Military aspect
there was better coordina-tion between individualEW arms of the Military.
During the finalphase from 2006 to 2009the Military used ECMheavily and Research anddevelopment was done todevelop in-house RCIEDjammers by MOD. Locallydeveloped RCIED jam-mers prevented many roadside IEDs, targeting troopand civilian movements inthe Northern and Easternparts of the island. In factdue to indiscriminate useof IEDs, government wascompelled to use theRCIED jammers in otherareas as well. Few inte-grated ESM systems en-tered in to service andJoint EW doctrine waspracticed under a centralbody under MOD whichsaw greater coordinationand operational success.
Challenges in deploy-ing advanced EW capa-bilitiesThe main challenge in de-ploying advanced EW ca-pabilities in developingNavies is the lack of
funds.The fact that EWsystems are extremelyexpensive can make itworse in taking procure-ment decisions due tovalue for money consider-ations. Institutional andadministrative difficultiesin developing technologytransfer agreements andactually implementingthem can become a realnegative factor in this as-pect.
EW system pro-curements can be lined uplower when prioritizing ac-quisition programs due itscomplexity and utilityvalue.Lack of customizedsolutions in the world EWmarket may confuse thedecision maker whilstidentifying system require-ments in the local situa-tion. The threats envis-aged in developing nationsmay not be sufficiently ad-dressed by the systemdesigners who are much
interested in studying re-quirements of advancedmilitaries. Complexities inprocedures of high cost pur-chases will discourage EWprocurement staff to en-gage in and manage a largescale procurements. Thismay be exaggerated by thelack of reputed local agentswho can be trusted to pro-vide efficient after salesservice support.
Problem of skilllevels of Operators is an-other bone of contention.Most EW systems are socomplex thus operation,maintenance and trainingare very difficult tasks tosustain over a long periodof time in a system of peri-odical transfer of operators.Sensitivity of AdvancedElectronics to extremeweather and quality ofPower supplies in develop-ing countries are also amajor factor where sys-tems designed for ad-vanced militaries fail onceit is subjected to harsh con-ditions. There have beenmany examples of defectsin power supplies of ad-vanced electronic systems
when deployed in SriLanka.
Opportunities for EW sys-tem designers for cus-tomized solutions
Having looked atthe challenges to deploy-ing advanced EW capabili-ties, I would now like toconsider the opportunitiesfor EW designers andmanufacturers for providingcustomized solutions todeveloping nations. Modu-lar system design can beemployed by the systemdesigners with customizedblocks so that threat per-ception of developing mili-taries can be addressedmore effectively. Adoptingsimple technology transfermechanisms will pave wayfor win-win situation for boththe manufacturer and EWuser.Measures have to beadopted to increase aware-ness of EW utilization inthe Information age with ap-
plicable examples and real lifesituations.
It is also prudent tomake the advanced systemsmore affordable using COTSmodules where more user re-placeable units are included insystem design.Even the mostrudimentary operator knowshow to use a smart phone app.It will be much beneficial if theUser Interface of advanced EWsystems were designed tolook and feel more like appsin a smart phone.System de-signers can make equipmentmore robust to cater for lowpower quality, surges and ex-treme environmental condi-tions prevailing in developingcountries.
There are three addi-tional considerations that Iwould like to mention. Firstly,The EW manufacturers canencourage research in devel-oping Navies into deploymentof advanced technologies.Such research can bring aboutthe benefits of advanced EWtechnologies and work out themodalities for effective deploy-ment. Secondly, Long termPayment options and fundingmechanisms proposed alongwith the offers will make themvery attractive in case of lim-ited fund situations in most ofthe procurements.Finally,more live demonstrations andproviding trial systems for ashort duration will ensure in-creased user experience withadvanced technologies thuscreating more opportunities tomake a positive procurementdecision.
Conclusion
In conclusion, I would liketo emphasis that there aremany challenges that exist inadvancement of EW opera-tions in developing Navies. Ihave analyzed the subject un-der consideration with my ex-perience in managing the de-ployment of advanced tech-nologies at staff level as a staffofficer and at line level as asystems engineer.I have pro-posed strategies to overcomebarriers from a user’s point ofview. It is my suggestion thatmore knowledge sharingmechanisms shall be in placebetween developing Militariesand system designers.Themost important fact is that EWsystem penetration in develop-ing navies is at a very low leveltherefore more opportunitiesexist for increased deploymentfor the mutual benefit of thesystem designer and the user.
turn path for the current, so thatexisting railway lines and sta-tions can be used with modifi-cations. Based on an economi-cal appraisal of the proposedsystem, he said that it will costnearly 30 million USD with aninternal rate of return of 15.1%pointing out that, Electric Mul-tiple Units can be imported ata similar cost to the Diesel Mul-tiple Units.
Dr. Beshan Kulapala, ResearchScientist at CodeGen Interna-tional and the Project Managerof Vega™ Electric Car Projectpresented a brief overview ofthe technology behind electri-fied transportation talked aboutthe feasibility of adopting thattechnology to Sri Lanka, whichhas already been a success inVega™ Electric Car Project.Once all the panellists have pre-sented their ideas, the opendiscussion round raised a num-ber of questions from the audi-
procedural errors (of claiming process) of the contractor alsowill lead to loose his entitlements. Hence due to this situationis equally affected to the both parties. Hence the applicationof technique (giving preference to the intention) to solve theclaims, will benefit to both parties equally.
Hence above application (of giving preference to the intention)is considered here for three claim situations. Claims withprocedural errors, claims due to other factors, claims withwillful (wrong)intention are the three types which taken uphere for solving by the above technique. These three claimsituations are considered separately.
1 As far as the contractual claims are considered,argument made for the validity (supremacy) of intention overthe procedure (which had been raised in the above courtcase) is also very important Hence, with respect to the firstcategory of claims, above court case is having a directrelationship & similarity in nature. Therefore same technique(of preference) can be applied directly to solve the firstcategory of claim situations by disregarding the proceduralerrors in claim processing. Therefore the claim will not benullified merely due to the procedural errors & it will be takento proceed further, since the intention of the party who lodgedthe claim, dominates.2 Apart from the procedural errors,there are many other factors & situations such asdiscripancies, ambiguities, unspecified matters, exclusions,deviations, omissions, mistakes etc. as stated earlier, whichgive rise to clam situations. In the light of this concept (ofpreference to the intention), these factors are to beconsidered. In otherwards all the factors, situations etc. haveto be analized with respect to the intention (prioritizingintention or objective). Hence through this approach, will causeto nullify many claims.
Stressing the intention(or objective) is seems to be a verystrong concept & a technique, to solve the conflict situationswhich are debatable. Since this concept works in conflictsbeyond logic, same can be used to solve the conflicts whichare arguable & having stronger points by the both parties.This will give rise to more sensible ground for the solutionsbeyond logical mechanism & back ground. Hence throughthis mechanism( of giving preference to the intention) willfacilitate for both justification/nullify & evaluation of the claimin balance manner.
Some times for the sake of arguing it seems that even veryobvious situations are not considered & ignored intentionally.As a result of this, role of fare play is disappeared. It is notrelevant or limited to an one party only. This is the casewhich relevant to both the client as well as the contractor.Similarly this is not limited to one organization or oneparticular client but this is common in the constructionindustry. Most of the foreign contractors are claim conscious& Therefore the claim departments are maintained separatelyfor this purpose. Bidding less to win the bid with the intentionof claiming extra later on is the technique they follow usually.Hence undoubtedly, the claims are to be expected from them& the care must be taken to find the direct as well as thehidden intentions of these contractors who lodge the claim,before proceeding. Then this suspicious looking it will givethe access to find their hidden objectives & intention & alsomore factors which were hided intentionally perhaps whichnulifing the claim at all. Hence the concept of “givingpreference to the intention” has been manipulated in threedifferent ways in these cases. Role of domination, as a basisfor the evaluation,(hidden)intention & decisive factors to befind out , are these forms which highlighted here.
Above three situations shows that, through this method willbe able to solve many claim situations without resorting forarbitration. However, technically it is a issue which connectedto the documentation. Further, as far as considering thedifficulties & time spending, prevention as much as possibleis the best than trying to solve the claim once it occurs. Itseems that most of the ambiguities, discrepancies, doubtsetc. are avoidable & these can be addressed at the documentstage. Hence the document updating is essential with regardto the prevention of claims are concerned. Mostly theoccasions & situations which are not covered by thedocuments will give rise to the claim situations. Henceinclusion of all possible situations & its combinations(combined situations) to the documents, giving preference,arresting through further detailing at the second stage, givinginter-pritations will be very meaningful & become the majorsteps to be taken at the documentation stage, in order tomitigate the claim situations.
Contd. from page 6..
Contd. from page 8.... Calming Claims....
able energy as I believe it so. Fortunately now all the relevant sectors in Energy are broughttogether. So if we are to take any initiative on electrification of the transport sector thereshould be constant dialog between these two sectors and unified policy initiatives should beadopted with absolute commitment from all concerned.I am not going to dwell on statistics or forward any definite blueprints how this should be doneas there is enough expertise in this room to do that. Further I am not in any way an expert intransport. However, as a person who was involved in promoting Integrated Energy Planning inthe 1980’s with Prof. Mohan Munasinghe in his team, all I can say is there is an ideal oppor-tunity for us to start this effort once again at least with the transport sector for efficiency gainsin both sectors.In the years gone by we had steam locomotives powered by coal, spewing thick black smokedepositing coal soot and dust all along the rails lines that ran in the most beautiful part of thecountry. Those days we were not bothered about environmental pollution. Now we have Coalpower plants with all the environmental safeguards. We have no black fumes, SOx and NOxpollutions are under control. We have a clean and an efficient source of energy, electricityavailable 24x7 throughout the country with load factors that can be improved that will yieldenormous economic benefits. So what are we waiting for? There is an obvious choice an idealwin-win situation waiting to be exploited for greater good of the country. This will be a case ofshifting the fuel for transportation back again to coal shifting away from oil, but this time in amuch more efficient and an environmentally friendly and a sound manner.Moreover we all know there are two predominant transport rush hours in the morning and in theafternoon more towards the evening hours, We have to take advantage of this phenomenonthat suits well with the electricity daily demand curve which takes a dip in those times. Thisshould be used with prudence to derive the economic benefit to both sectors and the countryat large by electrifying railways and even introducing electric trolley buses.However, individual charging of smaller motor vehicles need to be regulated with proper powerquality standards and tariff making to take advantage of the low price of electricity that theCEB should be able offer to fill the valleys in the daily power demand curves. This can beeasily done with proper planning and studies.In the CEB we have looked at vehicle charging centres before the electric vehicles are broughtto the country in large scale. There is an urgent need to get on with the pilot projects that wein CEB were contemplating. This will help CEB to come up with proper standards for chargingcentres and also a proper tariff to encourage charging of these vehicles in the off peak hours.We are also well aware of the sliding costs of solar pV panels of which the prices have comedown significantly due to large scale pV manufacturing plants that have come up in China. Wemust take advantage of this now and even solar powered charging centres can be madepopular, but all these need careful evaluation before we embark on any one of them. With thelarge potential of wind to be developed in the country in the future we would be in a position topower the transport of our country to a great extent on Coal and renewable energy sourcesfrom today’s 100% Oil base.We do not lack the expertise on the maters I have raised today. We also have with us Minis-ters who are committed to do what is right and prudent. We don’t need expertise unlike inbuilding complex power plants or other infrastructure like harbours and air ports. Some deci-sions can be made with rudimentary studies while others like railway electrification may takefew more months of detail studies to carry out the feasibility and detail designs etc. But we allagree this is an urgent need. The country has wasted so much of time we have made mis-takes in the past very expensive mistakes starting from scrapping electrified transportation weonce had, delaying the Coal power project for no apparent reason, delaying the railway electri-fication for reasons best known for very few. These are some such very expensive mistakes.The need of the hour is for us all to get together and do what is right.As I always say to quote from the Bible: “knowing what is right to do and not doing is a sin”Let us not collectively sin by prolonging this discussion any more let us map out a strategytogether.
ence. There was a question asto whether the proposed Mono-rail system is still a possibilityand the answer form the panelwas that there are number ofeconomically feasible solu-tions to improve the transpor-tation sector other than that.
Prof. SamarajeewaKarunaratne, a former ViceChancellor of the University ofMoratuwa recalled his memo-ries on electric trolly buses andtram cars in 1960s. Prof.K.K.Y.W. Perera, the Chancel-lor of University of Moratuwajoined him saying that the rea-son to terminate those wassomehow due to increasingcosts of electricity and disre-gard of the system. The impli-cation of these academics wasthat we should learn lessonsfrom the past and maximumflexibility of both authorities isan essence. Moreover, therewere suggestions to implementat least a few electric bussesknown as Capa-busses thatrun in China, on our roads aswell.
The Dept of Electrical En-gineering of the Universityof Moratuwa presented theresults and conclusions ofa survey they conducted onPublic Perception on Elec-trified Transportation. Itsaid that majority of the re-spondents are willing toaccept electrified transpor-tation if the increment of thetravelling fare is less than25%. The conclusion alto-gether was that the publichas a general idea, butlacks detailed knowledgeabout electrified transpor-tation.The panel discussionended up with a number ofvaluable recommendationsto electrify the transporta-tion sector and of coursethe relevant authoritieshave already stated thatthey have given a freshstart in this regard. Let’shope that this time the longstanding dream of electri-fied transportation willcome true.
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