Newton’s Laws of

Motion

Motion and Speed

Voca

bula

ry

Word

s

Motion Position Reference point Distance Displacement Speed Average speed Velocity* Copy down words; define

them for homework!

Act

ivit

ies

NJ Ask Coach Lesson 6 P48-52 Discussion question and

#1-4

Moti

on

The process of changing from one position to another

Speed

How fast an object changes position

Speed= Distance/Time

Calc

ula

ting

Speed

Julie ran from her house on Ridge Road

to Lincoln School; which is 2 miles away.

It took her 20 minutes

to get there; what was

her speed in miles per

minute? 2 miles/20minutes=0.1m/min

Velo

city

Describes an object’s

speed AND its direction

Forces and Motion

Voca

bula

ry

Force gravity newton net force Balanced forces Unbalanced forces Acceleration Friction Air resistance Mass Momentum

Act

ivit

ies

NJ Ask Coach Lesson 7 P. 52-54 Discussion question and

#1-4

Forc

es

A force is a push or a

pull Measured in newtons

Gra

vity The force that exists

between two objects

that have mass, attracting them together

What

is F

rict

ion?

Static Sliding Rolling Fluid A fluid is any matter in

which the molecules

can move freely i.e. air,

water, etc.

Four

Types

of

Fric

tion

The force that occurs

when two objects rub

together

Gra

vity Force that exists

between any two objects that have mass

Gra

vitatio

nal

Rela

tionsh

ips

Free F

all

Free fall- the motion of

a falling object when

the only force acting

on it is gravity In free fall, the force of

gravity is an unbalanced force, which causes an object to accelerate

Free Fa

ll all objects

in free fall

accelerate

at the

same rate

regardless

of their

masses!

Weig

ht

Mass- the amount of

matter in an object Weight- measure of

the force of gravity acting on an object Weight=mass x

acceleration Gravity on Earth is 9.8m/sec2

Calc

ula

ting

Weig

ht Example: Calculate the mass of

an object weighing 10kg:

10kg x 9.8m/s2

Mom

entu

m A property that a

moving object has because of its mass and velocity Momentum = Mass x Velocity

Calc

ula

ting

Mom

entu

m

What is the momentum of a 5kg

bowling ball rolling down a lane at a velocity of 7m/s?=5kg x 7 m/s=35kg x m/s

Law

of

Conse

rvati

on

of

Mom

entu

m The total amount of

momentum in a group

of interacting objects

does not change unless outside forces

act on the objects

New

ton’s

Law

s of

Moti

on

Isaac Newton not only studied

Physics, but was the inventor of

Calculus and one of History’s

most famous scientists

New

ton’s

1st L

aw

of

Moti

on

An object at rest will

stay at rest, and an object in motion will

continue to move in the same direction and the same speed

unless acted upon by

a force. “

1st La

w E

xam

ple

What are some examples of

forces that might stop the

object from moving? To make it

move?

Inert

ia The tendency of a still

or moving object to resist changes in motion

New

ton’s

Seco

nd

Law

of

Moti

on

An object acted on by

a net force will accelerate in the direction of the force.

The object’s acceleration equals the net force divided

by the mass. Acceleration= Force/mass

Force= mass x acceleration

2nd La

w

Exa

mple

A grocery

cart that

weighs 30

kg with a net

force of 60N

acting on it

will

accelerate

at 2 m/s2

because …

acceleration=

force/mass

60N/30kg= 2 m/s2

New

ton’s

Thir

d

Law

of

Moti

on For every action force

exerted on an object,

the object will exert an

equal and opposite reaction.

3rd La

w E

xam

ple

When you

are

swimming

and you pull

your arms

through the

water in one

direction,

your body

moves in

the opposite

direction

Energy

Energy, Work, Power and

Heat

Voca

bula

ry

Work Joule Energy Kinetic energy Potential energy Power

Act

ivit

ies

NJ Ask Coach Lesson 8 P.55-59 Discussion question and

#1-4

Work

Work- result of a force

moving an object over

a distance The unit of measurement for work

is a joule Work= Force x Distance

Pote

ntia

l vs.

Kin

etic E

nerg

y

Potential EnergyKinetic Energy

Pow

er Power is the amount

of work done in a period of time Power= Work/Time

Remember: work is

measured in joules and

time is measured in seconds

Energ

y

Energy- the ability to

do work or cause change Kinetic energy- the

energy an object has

because it is moving Potential energy-

stored energy

Therm

al E

nerg

y Thermal energy, or

heat, is the total energy of the movement of molecules in a

substance

Heat

Transf

er

There are three ways

heat can be transferred: Convection Conduction Radiation Radiation is the transfer of energy via

electromagnetic waves

Conductio

n Conductio

n is a

situation

where the

heat

source and

heat sink

are

connected

by matter.

Tem

pera

ture

vs.

Heat

Temperature

Temperatur

e is a

measure of

the average

kinetic

energy

level of a

substance

Heat

Heat is the

total

energy

associated

with the

motion of

molecules

Measu

ring

Tem

pera

ture

Temperatu

re can be

measured

in…

Fahrenheit

Celsius

Kelvin

Fahre

nheit

Fahrenheit is the classic English system

of measuring temperatures. Water freezes at 32

degrees Fahrenheit Water boils at 212

degrees

Cels

ius

Celsius is the modern

system of measuring

temperature. The freezing point of

water is 0 degrees Celsius the boiling point is

100 degrees Celsius

Form

ula

Celsius=(Fahrenheit Temperature -32)*5/9

Therm

al

Exp

ansi

on

Thermal expansion

is when gases expand

as the temperature increases Think about it… Have you ever been hot

and sticky and felt that

your clothes seemed

tighter or that your hand were swelling? This is an example of

thermal expansion

Contr

act

ion

The opposite of expansion is contraction A substance will

contract when heat is

removed If you remove enough

heat from a gas it will

become a liquid Liquids can turn into

solids with further cooling

The E

nd!!