Next Gen Automotive Ethernet Functions and the Implementation in an Ethernet MAC

2017 IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day Harald Zweck, Infineon Technologies

Ethernet In-Vehicle Network Example

AURIXTM

Control

AURIXTM

PT Control

RADAR

AURIXTM

Gateway

AURIXTM

Fusion

Note: The picture shows an example for a part of an In-Vehicle Network, and does not represent a comprehensive architecture.

1Gbit

100Mbit

RADAR

VIDEO

VIDEO

RADAR

RADAR

Chip2Chip

Safety

Real Time

Freedom from Interference

Real Time

Time Synchronization

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Application Use Case

Vehicle Development Cycle

Solution Concept

Scalable, flexible and customizable in-vehicle network

Product Verification Product Design

Pictures by courtesy of AUDI

OEM

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Vehicle Development Cycle

Concept Phase Series Development

X years to SOP

Initial

Discussion

Concept

Discussion

Preparation &

Planning

Coordination

SOP

Verification &

Confirmation

Final

Preparation

Picture by courtesy of AUDI

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First Generation In-Vehicle Ethernet

› System requirement Simple Data Transfers

› Example Ethernet for diagnosis

– Vehicle is in the repair shop

– Vehicle does not move

– Connection is based on standard Ethernet technology

– No real time requirements for transfers

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Use Case Diagnostic

› Implementation Buffered, DMA driven data transfer

– Using IEEE 802.3

– 802.1AS conforming Time Stamps

– MAC address filter

CPU RAM

Microcontroller

Eth

ern

et

MA

C

xMII

CPU RAM

Bu

ffer

DM

A

Filte

r

Time Stamp

Bu

ffer

DM

A

6 2017-11-02 Copyright © Infineon Technologies AG 2017. All rights reserved.

Second Generation In-Vehicle Ethernet

Vehicle Control Loop

Vehicle

Physics / Dynamics

Netw

ork

Netw

ork

Sensors Actuator

Real Time Communication

High Bandwidth Communication

Network

internal Computing Computing

PHY

Connector PHY

Connector

PHY

Connector

PHY

Connector

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Use Case Time Synchronization

› System requirement: Synchronized time base for the IVN*

– Time stamping compatible with IEEE 802.1AS

– Feature is implemented in HW

– Supports the implementation of a common time base for the IVN*

– Required e.g. for AVB protocols

ECU

xMII

CPU RAM

Microcontroller

Eth

ern

et

MA

C

Transmit Unit

Receive Unit

Time Stamp Unit

*IVN = In-Vehicle Network Picture by courtesy of IEEE 802.1

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Use Case In-ECU Communication

ECU

Vehicle

Physics / Dynamics

Netw

ork

Netw

ork

Sensors Actuator

Real Time Communication

High Bandwidth Communication

Network

internal Computing Computing

PHY

Connector PHY

Connector

PHY

Connector

PHY

Connector

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Use Case Memory-to-Memory Copy

› System requirement Synchronize content of variables

– Data transfer between controllers (MCUs)

– Data block copy process

– The process is scheduled

– The process execution time is constraint

– MCU connection options

– Directly coupled via xMII

– Coupled via a switch

Transfer path

ECU

xMII

CPU RAM

Microcontroller

Eth

ern

et

MA

C

Transmit Unit

Receive Unit

xMII

CPU RAM

Microcontroller

Eth

ern

et

MA

C

Transmit Unit

Receive Unit

Switch

(optional)

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Use Case Memory-to-Memory Copy

› MCU level requirement

– Data flow separation inside the MCU – no dependencies

– Any receive flow can be directed to any CPU core (in case of multicore MCU)

– Any transmit flow can be sent from any CPU core

– Precise scheduling for data transmission

– Low software load

Switch

CPU RAM

Microcontroller

Eth

ern

et

MA

C

xMII

Transmit Unit

Receive Unit

CPU RAM

Note:

Red arrows represent MCU to MCU flow

Yellow arrows represent other flows

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Use Case Memory-to-Memory Copy

› Implementation Separation of data flows

– IEEE 802.1Q VLAN separation

– Introduction of several channels as “queues”

– Each queue holds data independently

– Each queue is emptied / filled by its own DMA

CPU RAM

Microcontroller

Eth

ern

et

MA

C

xMII

CPU RAM

Qu

eu

es

D

MA

s

Qu

eu

es

D

MA

s

12 2017-11-02 Copyright © Infineon Technologies AG 2017. All rights reserved.

Use Case Memory-to-Memory Copy

CPU RAM

Microcontroller

Eth

ern

et

MA

C

xMII

CPU RAM

Qu

eu

es

D

MA

s

Qu

eu

es

D

MA

s

Filte

r

› Implementation Separation of data flows (inbound)

– IEEE 802.3 frame header filter

– Separates inbound traffic based on destination address

– Forwarding to according queue

– In turn selects destination CPU

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Use Case Memory-to-Memory Copy

CPU RAM

Microcontroller

Eth

ern

et

MA

C

xMII

CPU RAM

Qu

eu

es

D

MA

s

Qu

eu

es

D

MA

s

Filte

r

Sh

ap

er

› Implementation Separation of data flows (outbound) -> re-merging of the flows

– IEEE 802.1Q shaper

– Separate outbound traffic is merged before the xMII interface

– Merging is based on IEEE 802.1Q shaper rules

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Use Case Memory-to-Memory Copy

CPU RAM

Microcontroller

Eth

ern

et

MA

C

xMII

CPU RAM

Qu

eu

es

D

MA

s

Qu

eu

es

D

MA

s

Filte

r

Time Stamp

Sh

ap

er

Time Stamp

Schedule defined by

Outbound

Transfers

› Implementation Outbound data flow is scheduled

– Using IEEE 802.1AS

– 802.1AS drives a scheduler

– Queue output is driven by the scheduler (in “shaper” block)

Red arrows represent MCU to MCU flow

Yellow and grey arrows represent other flows

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Use Case Memory-to-Memory Copy

CPU RAM

Microcontroller

Eth

ern

et

MA

C

xMII

CPU RAM

Qu

eu

es

D

MA

s

Qu

eu

es

D

MA

s

Filte

r

Time Stamp

Sh

ap

er

› Implementation Data flow separation in the MCU

– Needs freedom from interference

– Transfer paths of DMAs are safe guarded

– Potential DMA write targets can be protected

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Use Case Memory-to-Memory Copy

CPU RAM

Eth

ern

et

MA

C

xMII

CPU RAM

Qu

eu

es

D

MA

s

Qu

eu

es

D

MA

s

Filte

r

Time Stamp

Sh

ap

er

Micro controller

› Implementation Data flow separation in the MCU

– Freedom from interference enables firewalling the flows

– Processes and their data flows can be separated to different CPUs

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Summary

› The next gen Ethernet implementations will expand the support for Automotive application use cases

› There will be HW features for use cases requiring deterministic data transfer

› IEEE 802 offers the standards to make the step successful

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Thank You !

ASC LIN SENT PSI5 CAN-FD FlexRay IEEE

Ethernet

1 Gbit/s

100Mbit/s

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