Next Generation of Mobile Storage :

UFS and UFS Card

Accelerating Mobile

Revolution

JEDEC Mobile & IOT Forum

HeeChang Cho

steve.cho@samsung.com

Samsung Electronics

Copyright © 2016 Samsung

Abstraction

• Demand for faster mobile storage is dramatically increasing

everywhere we look. For example, 4K/8K high resolution video, 3D

games, VR(Virtual Reality)…

• To satisfy this insatiable market demand, requirements for an

embedded UFS mobile storage standard have just been specified by

JEDEC, and a standard for UFS cards has been published in March

2016.

• As the industry gears up to introduce an array of UFS (Universal

Flash Storage) solutions, it’s important to have a firm understanding

of the technology behind these new mobile storage technology.

Samsung will discuss key features of UFS technology and

advantages of UFS Card.

1

Mobile devices are increasing !

2

Increasing connected devices !!

• 2010: # Connected Devices > # of People in the world.

• 2020: 50+ Billion things will be connected

<<

<

3

Higher capacity required as well !!!

• Data amount in Mobile phone is increasing continuously

Requiring high performance & high capacity external storage.

2013 2014 2015

System Area

(OS + Apps) 3GB 5GB 7GB

Game size 264MB 510MB 1.2GB

Audio size/file 7MB(MP3) 10MB(MP3) 50MB(flac)

Picture size/file 3MB (8MP) 5MB (13MP↑) 8MB (20MP↑)

2hr Video 2GB (HD) 3.4GB (FHD↑) 6.4GB (WQHD)

(2560x1440)

4

Input Comm

Your Mobile life is

Hub of mobile

life

Connectivity

Cross Platforms

IoT

Video

Content

Apps

Computing

Productivity

HD Video Editing/Rendering

Productivity/Creation

3D Graphics

PC/Console-like Gaming

13MP, Burst Mode

Photo Editing

4K Content

Voice/Face Recog

• Faster & larger storage solution is required !!!

5G ( 20 Gbps

wireless connection)

5

Instant ON Instant Play

Quad/Octa-Core CPU

Multi-tasking

Larger screens

Higher

Performance Lower Power

Multi-tasking

3-D Gaming

Fast App Loading

More Storage

More Apps, Richer Apps

4K/8K Video

High Res Photos, 3D Graphics

I.e Advanced Mobile Storage is needed !!

6

~eMMC 4.5

eMMC 5.0/5.1

UFS 2.1 (Embedded)

UFS Card v1.0 (Removable)

• Mobile features - Booting

- Partitioning

- Data integrity( RPMB )

- …

• Perfect Mobile features

• Ultra High Performance

+ Ultra Random performance

+ Concurrent Operations

• Higher Power Efficiency

• UFS(Universal Flash Storage) is

- New Mobile Storage Standard,

- successor of eMMC.

Answer is UFS !!!

• Performance Enhancement - HS400

- Queuing Mechanism

- data strobe

7

UFS is

UFS includes both { mobile + SSD } features Performance, power Efficiency

2.0/2.1 /5.1

8

UFS is “Mobile SSD” !!!

SSD/SAS

eMMC

UFS

• High Speed Serial I/F

• Queuing operation

• Proven Architecture (SCSI)

• Optimized for mobile

• Low Power

UFS is Mobile SSD !!! - Better User Experience

- Faster Boot

- Ultra fast data read/write

- Low Power Consumption

• UFS = virtues of eMMC + virtues of SSD

+ Low Power consumption + Mobile Centric

(Now, UFS Card, ‘16.7.7, +150 English

version Presses in 3 days)

Embedded UFS( ‘15.2,

in Galaxy S6)

9

UFS Card is

Virtues of large &

high performance

storage, SSD

Virtues of

Previous mobile

Storage, e-MMC

• Seq. Read : 530 MB/sec

• Seq. Write : 170 MB/sec

• Rand. Read : 40,000 IOPS

• Rand. Write : 35,000 IOPS

SSD Performance !!

• X 6

• X 2

• X 20

• X 350

Compared to

other card

Portability

10

UFS, the Fastest Mobile Storage

Other Card

( 20 years old arch:

Sync(one at a time ),

Non-Queuing

104 MB/s

Other Card-Next Gen

(Based on old Sync,

Non-Queuing Arch,

No adoption in AP at all,

No Compatibility)

154 MB/s

x6 x4

x12 x8

UFS Card

V1.0

UFS Card

V2.0

( HS-G4 )

(‘18.1H)

Industry is

moving

quickly

600

MB/s

1.2

GB/s

• UFS Card is x6 times higher Max I/F speed than other standard card – Other card standard is 20 year old architecture of Sync(one at a time)

& Non-Queueing ( bad for multi-process ).

11

UFS, Less power consumption

• UFS consumes less total power(=power X time) by

– processing tasks sooner then

– staying in sleep/idle mode longer.

Sleep/Idle Active Time

Power

Sleep/Idle Active

Time

Power

Other removable

card’s Total Power UFS Total Power

13

UFS : Advanced Interface Technology

Slow

Parallel interface

faster

Serial Interface

other Removable Card

UFS Card

14

UFS : Advanced Interface Technology

• More than I/F performance ( 600MB/sec vs. 104 MB/sec )

– separated TX and RX, • parallel transmission in both direction

– 0.4v/0.2 data swing • Faster and lower power consumption

Other Card I/F

(Low Speed Parallel interface)

DATA 1

…

HOST

CMD

DAT A 0

DATA 3

DEVICE

CLK

CMD

DATA0

DATA3

DATA1

…

CLK

CMD

DATA0

DATA3

DATA1

…

3.3 v ~ 1.8 v

UFS Card I/F

(High Speed Serial interface)

HOST DEVICE

CLK

RX

TX

CLK

TX

RX

0.4v/0.2v

15

UFS, Queuing/Re-ordering

• Maximizing system throughput by – Queuing + out-of-order(mixing data I/O) + parallel execution

CMD ①

CMD ③

CMD ②

CMD ④

CMD ⑤

CMD ⑥

UFS CTRL

NAND chip no.1

NAND chip no.2

Operate CMD①③

Operate CMD②⑤

Operate CMD ④⑥

Command Queuing

Command Reordering

& Parallel Request

CM

D

① C

MD

③

CM

D

②

CM

D

④

CM

D

⑤

CM

D

⑥

16

UFS :: Optimal for multi-processing

• Parallel execution & Mixed Execution for better UX

– UFS Card : while writing data, other data can be read in parallel.

– Other std Card : while writing data, other R/W access is blocked. bad UX to other apps.

(1) Old Sync I/O Protocol ( other card ) : one at one time very poor performance !!

W1

Data1

Host ( Host have to wait long time until device processing the data )

R2

Data2

W3

Data3

(2) Advanced Async I/O Protocol ( UFS) : TX/RX in parallel Ideal for Multi-process

Host ( full execution )

Data3 Data5 Data4

W1 R2 R3 Data1 Data1 R4 R6 W5 Data5

Data2 Data6

W6 Data1

17

UFS :: Optimal for multi-processing

• x12 times higher bare throughput of UFS Card

– X6 : 600MB/sec vs. 104 MB/sec

– X2 : RX/TX parallel vs. one-at-a-time

Time Host

e.MMC

Or

Other

Remov

able

Card

READ CMD (Address A)

READ DATA (Address A)

WRITE CMD (Address B)

WRITE DATA (Address B)

READ DATA (Address C)

Next Command

READ CMD (Address C)

Read Data Transfer

Read Data Transfer

Write Data Transfer

and Programming

Read Access Latency

Read Access Latency

Other removable card Designed for Single-threaded operational host

Must wait for a command execution to complete before issuing the next command

WRITE DATA (Address B)

UFS Card – For nowadays multi-process operation host

– Supports concurrent operations, command queuing, out-of-order execution

Host

UFS

Or

UFS

Card

READ CMD (Address A)

WRITE CMD (Address B)

READ CMD (Address C)

WRITE DATA (Address B)

READ DATA (Address A)

Next Command

READ DATA (Address C)

WRITE DATA (Address B)

WRITE DATA (Address B)

18

UFS Card : Standardization in JEDEC

• UFS Card v1.0 specification in JEDEC ( published ‘16.3.29 )

– Sponsored by 13 major companies in JEDEC. ( probably historically highest number of sponsor companies in JEDEC proposal ) Strongly

supported in industry !!

– 7 design patents including US 25/546125, US 29/546150, and disclosed as RAND in JEDEC to reduce the burden dramatically which is imposed on other standard card ( Join JEDEC to enjoy UFS in your business )

19

UFS Card : Shape & Pins

• UFS Card (11x15mm) is designed for avoiding electrical shortage as much as possible when user plug the UFS card into currently available other standard card socket accidently.

• 7 design patents including US 25/546125, US 29/546150, and disclosed as RAND in JEDEC. ( Join JEDEC to enjoy UFS in your business )

Name Type Description

VCC Supply Supply voltage for the memory devices.

VCCQ2 Supply Supply voltage used typically for the PHY

interface and the memory controller and any

other internal low voltage block.

VSS Supply Ground.

REF_CLK Input Input reference clock. When not active, this

signal shall be pull-down or driven low by the

host SoC

C/D GND Card Detect

DIN_t Input Downstream data lane : differential input

signals into UFS Drive from the host. DIN_c

DOUT_t Output Upstream data lane : differential output signals

from the UFS Drive to the host. DOUT_c

front

Back

21

UFS Card : suitable for new OS, as well

• Android-M & Window10 Card performance requires higher performance

UFS Card(600MB/sec, G3x1) is satisfying latest's OS requirement !!!

Adoptable Storage as internal storage

Android installs application to external storage

User can set the location that the application is

installed in ‘System Settings’ of Win10

Android-M OS

Window 10 OS

22

UFS Card: Lower power consumption

• UFS Card power consumption is lower than other external

card while showing extremely higher performance.

– UFS card : Max 1.53W

(eg) Other removable standard card : Max 2.88W

UFS Card Spec

Vcc (3.3v) 300mA

Vccq2 (1.8v) 300mA

23

UFS Card: Superiority

• UFS Card’s Architectural & Performance Superiority

UFS Card Other removable standard Card

Parallelism &

System

Throughput

• state-of-art Asynchrony Queuing

Mechanism increasing system

throughput even same

frequency

• Parallel and out-of-order

execution is possible

• Based on 20 years old I/F scheme

• Old Synchronous scheme: Host

have to wait device response

before sending next command.

Max I/F Speed

(Performance)

• HS G3( 600 MB/sec )

• HS G4(1200 MB/sec ) published

in MIPI (‘15. Aug). ( eUFS v2.0 support 6Gbps x 2 lane)

• Lower I/F speed

- 104 MB/sec ( old mode )

- 156 MB/sec ( new pins, FD )

( There is no known AP support for

this until now even though it was

introduced 5 years ago. )

SI (Signal

Integrity)

• Qualified expertized Phy

standard adopted from MIPI.

• excellent SI quality as

embedded UFS

• Bad since there is no special PHY

( just PAD )

25

UFS Card: Superiority - details

• UFS Card’s Superiority in features

25

Collaboration in Standard Organizations

• MIPI and UFSA(UFS Association, http://www.ufsa.org/ ) is

supporting JEDEC’s UFS and UFS Card spec directly and indirectly.

JEDEC • eUFS spec

• UFS card spec

• UFS command test

spec

UFSA • CTS spec & compliance

test spec.

• Marketing & Logo

program

MIPI • MPHY spec

• UNIPRO spec

• CTS spec

26

UFS position in Industry (In Linux and Wikipedia)

• Linux Kernel support UFS. ( Android OS is based on Linux. ) – https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/scsi/ufs.txt

• positioned as a replacement of eMMC and other card product

27

eUFS & UFS Card : Future

• Highest Performance with power consumption efficiency.

20 years Old

Sync Protocol

2018.1H

(Planned) 2013

UFS 2.0 UFS 2.1

eMMC4.5

eMMC5.0

2012

eMMC5.2

( TBD, final )

Advanced

Async Queuing

Protocol

400 MB/s

1.2GB/s

2.4 GB/s

2016.1Q

UFS

Card

v1.0

UFS 3.0

UFS

Card

v2.0

eMMC5.1

2015

Other

card

Other

card Other Card

(104 MB/sec)

28

Benefits Summary of UFS Card to Industry

• UFS Card ( x12 higher bare performance!! )

– X6 times higher Maximum I/F speed than other standard Card

• 600MB/sec(UFS Card) vs 104MB/sec( other std card )

– In addition, additional x2 times higher throughput than other std card :

• State-of-art Bidirectional, Async, Queuing protocol(UFS Card)

vs. 20-years old one way at one time(Sync), non-Queuing.

– Reduced Validation Cost

• Instead of verifying two I/F ( UFS + other card tech ), basically only one I/F( UFS ) validation is enough. ( Saving IP development cost, Saving testing time, Saving Test equipment/Engineer )

– Much Lower overhead in Royalty

• UFS Card design patent was disclosed as RAND to all JEDEC member company.

29

Winner takes it all

• A Legend of England … King Arthur obtained the British

throne by pulling a sword, Excalibur, from a stone…

UFS

30

UFS Card :: Strong tool for taking mobile Market

• Do you need a better competitive feature in your mobile product ?

• Why don’t you take better MS in China Mobile Market with UFS Card adopted mobile product ?

31

UFS Card :: Govern Removable Storage Market

• … Why don’t you take World-Wide Mobile Market with UFS

Card adopted mobile product ?

32

Now, it’s time to adopt

- eUFS and UFS Card

in your mobile product !!

Contact Information for your further question:

HeeChang Cho ( steve.cho@samsung.com )

33