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THE TURBULENT 60’S
Next Week
Kennedy, The New Frontier; LBJ, The Great Society
Civil Rights Movement
EQ
Who was JFK and why was he so important?
With a partner, what are the similarities?
JFK and The Cold War
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Democrat from MA “New Frontier” Camelot Peace Corps Cuban Missile Crisis Bay of Pigs Race to the Moon Supported Civil Rights Assassinated on
Nov.22, 1963 1036 days
Election of 1960
First televised Presidential Debate JFK vs. Nixon
One of the closest elections in U.S. History
Gained support of African-American Community by taking stand on MLK arrest
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=FA7C7B18-15AB-4826-97AF-CFF954088CBC&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
Cuba
Cuban Crisis Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis
Cuban Crisis
Fidel Castro Cuban Dictator seizes power Communist government 90 miles away Supported by U.S.S.R. 10% of Cuban population goes into exile
Many to U.S.
Bay of Pigs
• Cuban exiles, CIA plan invasion to topple Castro
• Plans go wrong; exile forces killed, taken prisoner
• JFK pays ransom in food, medicine; mission is public embarrassment
• http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=19c84995-57dc-4582-90e6-9e100fe8a61a
The Cuban Missile Crisis
• Nikita Khrushchev sends weapons to Cuba, including nuclear missiles
• JFK warns Soviets that missile attack will trigger war on U.S.S.R.
• Hotline between JFK and Khrushchev established
The Berlin Crisis
• Khrushchev wants to close access roads to West Berlin; JFK refuses
• Soviets isolate West Berlin from East Germany with Berlin Wall
• http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=19c84995-57dc-4582-90e6-9e100fe8a61a
“Ich bin ein Berliner”
Review – divide and conquer!
Bay of Pigs
Cuban Missile Crisis
Berlin Crisis
The Cuban Crisis
Causes
Causes
Causes
Causes
Effects/results
Effects/results
Effects/results
Effects/results
Policies of the New Frontier Science/Space (Race to the Moon)
Neil Armstrong – July 1969 Civil Rights; racial injustice Poverty Education
The Space Race
Tragedy
JFK Assassination
November 22, 1963 Dallas, TX Shot by Lee Harvey Oswald (Oswald shot by
Jack Ruby) Warren Commission concluded Oswald acted
alone Many conspiracy theories exist:
More than one gunman Soviet involvement CIA Involvement
VP Lyndon Baines Johnson sworn in http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm
?guidAssetId=E3129E12-0372-4DF1-B58D-945894B1AED9&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
The New Frontier Review
The New Frontier
The Great Society v
LBJ
Great Society Democrat War on Poverty Increased
protection of individual rights
Civil Rights leader Established
Medicare/Medicaid
Great Society Programs
Education Healthcare
Medicare - low-cost medical, hospital insurance for senior citizens
Medicaid - health insurance for welfare recipients\
The Environment Consumer Protection
Great Society Programs (cont) Housing
• Money set aside for public housing; low-, moderate-income homes
• Dept. of Housing and Urban Development created• Robert Weaver is first African American in cabinet, HUD
secretary
Immigration• Existing immigration quotas discriminate against non-Western
Europeans• Immigration Act of 1965 ends quotas based on nationality
Impact of the Great Society
• Post-WW II, LBJ extends federal power more than all other presidents
• Poverty drops from 21% of population in 1962 to 11% in 1973
• Massive tax cut spurs economy; Great Society contributes to deficit
• Debate over finances, effectiveness of programs, government role
The Warren Court
Warren Court—Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren
Rights of the Accused courts must provide legal counsel to poor illegally seized evidence cannot be used in
court Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Review
Program Who was it designed to help?
What did it do?