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“وقل رب زدنى ” علمًا

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Teletraffic Analysis of the Next-generation Integrated Terrestrial/satellite Mobile Radio Networks

By:

Waleed Eid Al-HanafyWaleed Eid Al-Hanafy B.Sc., Electrical Communications Engineering

SUPERVISORS:

Dr. SamiSami A. El-DolilAssoc. Prof., Menoufia University, Faculty of Electronic Engineering

Dr. MostafaMostafa A. NofalAssoc. Prof., Menoufia University, Faculty of Electronic Engineering

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Objective of the ThesisObjective of the Thesis

Investigation of the integration between terrestrial Investigation of the integration between terrestrial mobile systems and satellite networks.mobile systems and satellite networks.

Implementation of integrated space/terrestrial Implementation of integrated space/terrestrial cellular model with different handoff priority cellular model with different handoff priority schemes for global mobile communications.schemes for global mobile communications.

Mixing data and voice services over the proposed Mixing data and voice services over the proposed global model.global model.

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OVERVIEW OF MOBILE RADIO SYSTEMS

OVERVIEW OF MOBILE RADIO SYSTEMS

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•First generation

•Second generation

- Analog techniques (TACS, AMPS, JMPS, NMT)

- Limited capacity

- Digital technology (GSM, DECT, CT2, ERMES)

- Increased system capacity and introduced more service features

- Improved system quality and significant reduction in system cost

Evolution of mobile communication systems

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•Third generation

- Multimedia applications features

- Trend towards globalization (communications anywhere-anytime)

- Provide personal services independently of the kind of network access (PSTN, cellular, satellite, etc.)

•The role of satellite- Complements terrestrial coverage areas, e.g., coverage of ships, aircraft and users in rural areas (maritime and aeronautical services)

- It is crucial to support the global roaming feature

- The main problem in satellite system design is the efficient use of two critical satellite resources (bandwidth and power)

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An alog

Mobile phone

Digital mobile

(GSM, DECT, ERMES, ...)

FPLM T S

UM T S

1stGen eration

2n dGen eration

3rdGen eration

1994 2000

Globalbeam(GEO)

Multiplebeam(GEO)

cellular like

(non-GEO)

Terrestria lFixed

Terrestria lM obile

Sate llite

UPT

An alog

Mobile phone

Digital mobile

(GSM, DECT, ERMES, ...)

FPLM T S

UM T S

1stGen eration

2n dGen eration

3rdGen eration

1994 2000

Globalbeam(GEO)

Multiplebeam(GEO)

cellular like

(non-GEO)

Terrestria lFixed

Terrestria lM obile

Sate llite

UPT

Integration between terrestrial and satellite systems

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Design concepts of cellular mobile radio systems:

1- Frequency reuse

K=7

It is the basic idea of the cellular concept

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K3RD /

in

1nnD

RIC

The frequency reuse ratio

The carrier-to-interference ratio

DR

i

2

i

4

nK)3(

n(D/R)

IC

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2-Cell splitting

2

radius cell old radius cell New

4area cell old

area cell New

areaunit load traffic

areaunit

load trafficNew 4

areaunit load traffic

areaunit

load trafficFinal m2

Original cellOriginal cell

Original cellOriginal cell

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3-Sectorization and trunking efficiency

Sectorizing a cell produces two effects:

Second, reduces trunking efficiency

First, reduces cochannel interference

(i. e., improved the C/I ratio)

With C/I ratio of at least 17 dB, an omnidirectional system requiresK=7, a three-sector system requiresK=4, and a six-sector system requires K=3

60120 60

120

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Space-based systems

Satellite orbits

GEO36,000 km

LEO750-1,800 km

MEO10-14,000 km

Earth

GEO36,000 km

LEO750-1,800 km

MEO10-14,000 km

Earth

- Inclined orbit

- Geosynchronous orbit

- Elliptical orbit

Satellite altitude

- MEO

- LEO

- GEO

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GEO Vs LEO

- 240-270ms for one-way propagation delay

- Lack of coverage at far northern and southern latitudes (unachievable required elevation angles “ >40° ” even at latitudes as close to the equator as 45°)

- Spacecraft design constraints such as antenna size

Van Allen radiation belts ranging from about 1,500 to 5,000 km and from 13,000 to 20,000 km

GEO disadvantages:

Orbit choice limitations:

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Satellite constellations

coverage area (As)

EARTH

Re

h

LEO

coverage area (As)

EARTH

Re

h

LEO)cos( 1R2A 2es

hR

R

e

e1 cos

cos

- Orbital altitude

- Minimum elevation angle

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 9010

2

103

104

105

Radius of earth coverage, deg.

h-sa

telli

te a

ltit

ude,

km

alpha =010 20304050607080

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 9010

2

103

104

105

Radius of earth coverage, deg.

h-sa

telli

te a

ltit

ude,

km

alpha =010 20304050607080

The satellite altitude Vs radius of the earth coverage

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102

103

104

105

104

105

106

107

108

109

h-satellite altitude, km

Cov

erag

e su

rfac

e ar

ea (

As)

, km

2

alpha=0

10

20 30

40 50 60

70

80 10

210

310

410

510

4

105

106

107

108

109

h-satellite altitude, km

Cov

erag

e su

rfac

e ar

ea (

As)

, km

2

alpha=0

10

20 30

40 50 60

70

80

The coverage surface area Vs satellite altitude

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Mobile radio channel characteristics

)()()( trtmtr 0

Where, m(t) is called local mean, also called slow fading, long-term fading, or log-normal fading

The factor r0 is called multipath fading, short-term fading, or Rayleigh fading

Satellite communicationShort line-of-sight radio links

20 dB/decade path-loss slope

Free space propagation model:

Mobile propagation model: 40 dB/decade path-loss slope

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BS antenna

(MS)

Diffracted signal

BS antenna

(MS)

Diffracted signal

Direct wave path(path clear from the terrain contour)

Line-of-sight path(path clear from buildings)

Short-term fading

Rician fading:

Out-of-sight condition

Rayleigh fading:

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0 10 20 30 40 50-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

distance in wavelength

sign

al le

vel (

dB)

0 10 20 30 40 50-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

distance in wavelength

sign

al le

vel (

dB)

The Rayleigh fading

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MOBILITY MANAGEMENT IN MULTILAYERED

SYSTEMS

MOBILITY MANAGEMENT IN MULTILAYERED

SYSTEMS

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Global system design criteria :

Global coverage

Different user’s densities

Handoff priority verification

LEO or GEO satellite constellations

Multilayered system

Different H.O schemes

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Reserved channel scheme

N-times retry scheme

Queuing scheme

Sub-rating scheme

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macrocell

microcell

spotbeam cell

LEO satellite

macrocell

microcell

spotbeam cell

LEO satellite

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Handoff management

Horizontal handoff

Vertical handoff

Handoff between cells in the same layer

Handoff between cells in different layers

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MODELING AN INTEGRATED SPACE/TERRESTRIAL

CELLULARSYSTEM

MODELING AN INTEGRATED SPACE/TERRESTRIAL

CELLULARSYSTEM

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Model description :

1 2 C M

Layer-3(Spotbeam cells)

Layer-2(M acrocells)

Layer-1(M icrocells) 1 2 C m

1 2 C M

Layer-3(Spotbeam cells)

Layer-2(M acrocells)

Layer-1(M icrocells) 1 2 C m

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New call handling

CallBlocking

Call arrival

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Handoff call handling

Call Forced Termination

Call arrival

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N e w call arr iv al(micro ce ll le v e l)

F re ech an n e ls

> N m h

O n g o in g call

R e q u ire dH .O .

F re ech an n e l in th e

same le v e ltarg e t ce ll

O v e rflo w toM acro ce ll

F re ech an n e ls

> N M h

O n g o in g call

R e q u ire dH .O .

F re ech an n e l in th e

same le v e ltarg e t ce ll

F re ech an n e ls

> N s h

O n g o in g call

R e q u ire dH .O .

F re ech an n e l in th e

same le v e ltarg e t ce ll

W ait in q u e u efo r time (T q )

O v e rflo w toS p o tb e am ce ll

Yes

Yes

C allte rmin atio n

No

YesNo

Yes

No

Yes

No

F re ech an n e ls> N M h+ N M o

O v e rflo w tomacro ce ll

No

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

F re ech an n e ls> N s h+ N s o

O v e rflo w tosp o tb e am ce ll

No

Yes

Yes

No

F o rce dte rmin atio n

Yes

No

C all b lo cke d

No

No

G e t ch an n e lb e fo re T qe xp iratio n

NoYes

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N e w call arr iv al(macro ce ll le v e l)

F re echan n e ls

> N M h

O n g o in g call

R e q u ire dH .O .

F re echan n e l in th e

same le v e ltarg e t ce ll

O v e rflo w tospo tb e am ce ll

F re echan n e ls

> N s h

O n g o in g call

R e q u ire dH .O .

F re echan n e l in th e

same le v e ltarg e t ce ll

Yes

Yes

C allte rmin atio n

No

YesNo

Yes

No

Yes

No

F re echan n e ls> N s h+ N s o

O v e rflo w tospo tb e am ce ll

No

Yes

Yes

No

No

C all b lo cke d

F o rce dte rmin atio n

W ait in q u e u efo r time (T q )

G e t ch an n e lb e fo re T qe xp iratio n

No Yes

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N e w call arr iv al(sp o tb e am le v e l)

F re ech an n e ls

> N s h

O n g o in g call

R e q u ire dH .O .

F re ech an n e l in th e

same le v e ltarg e t ce ll

Yes

Yes

C allte rmin atio n

No

No

Yes

No

No

C all b lo cke d

F o rce dte rmin atio n

W ait in q u e u efo r time (T q )

G e t ch an n e lb e fo re T qe xp iratio n

Yes

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so

Microcell

Macrocell

Spotbeam cell

21

m mh

MMo

21 3

Nm-Nmh

hn

Mh

Nm

sn h

NM-NMo-NMh NM-NMh

1 2

sh

NM+NMhNM

NsNs-Nso-Nsh Ns-Nsh Ns+Nsh

so

Microcell

Macrocell

Spotbeam cell

21

m mh

MMo

21 3

Nm-Nmh

hn

Mh

Nm

sn h

NM-NMo-NMh NM-NMh

1 2

sh

NM+NMhNM

NsNs-Nso-Nsh Ns-Nsh Ns+Nsh

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Performance analysis

Microcell level:

Arrival call rates

umumm DR2

33 2

1Hfhm

1NBmm

1Hfhm1NBmm1NBmmmh

PP11

PP1

PP1PP1PP1

)(

)(

...)()()(

RmRm

Microcell

RmRm

Microcell

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Channel holding time

NmNm -Nm h10

m m h

H 1 2

m h

(N m-N mh+1)

m m h

NmNm -Nm h10

m m h

H 1 2

m h

(N m-N mh+1)

m m h

State-transition diagram

)()(

)()(

fhmmhBmm

1hM

fhmmh

1nM

Bmm

1H P1P1

P1P1

T

),min(

),min(

1hM1Hh

1nM1Hn

TTT

TTT

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m

mhm

mhm

N

1NNkk

1H

mhNmNkmh

mhNmN

mhm

NN

0kk

1H

kmhm

1

0

k

kP

!

)(

!

)(

)(

mNjmh-NmN

0j

1H

NNjmh

NNmhm

mh-NmNj

0j

1H

jmhm

j

Pj

Pj

Pmhmmhm

1 ...................

)(

........1..........

!

)(

!

)(

Probability of finding j-channels

being busy

Probability of finding no

channel being busy

State-transitions probabilities

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Performance measures

m

mhm

N

NNjjBm PP

mNfhm PP

mBmmMon CP

mfhmmhMoh CP

MohMonMo

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Macrocell level:

Arrival call rates

Macrocell

Microcell

RM

Macrocell

Microcell

RM

)(

)())((

fhM2H

BMonMonBMMohM2NMh P1P1

P1P1P

uMu2

MM DR2

33

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Channel holding time

State-transition diagram

NMNM -NM hNM -NM o-

NM h0 NM +NM h

M M oM h

H 2

M M o hM h M h M h

(N M -N M h+1)(N M -N M o-N M h+1) (N M +1)

NMNM -NM hNM -NM o-

NM h0 NM +NM h

M M oM h

H 2

M M o hM h M h M h

(N M -N M h+1)(N M -N M o-N M h+1) (N M +1)

))()()( )(

)()()( )(

fhMMhBMonMonBMMohM

2hM

fhMMh

2nM

BMonMonBMMohM

2HP1P1P1

P1P1P1

T

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Performance measures

MhM

MhMoM

NN

NNNjjBMon PP

MhM

MhM

NN

NNjjBMohBM PPP

MhM NNfhM PP

sohsonso

MBMonMonBMMson CPP )(

MBMohMohfhMMhsoh CPP )(

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Spotbeam cell level:

Arrival call rates

Spotbeam cell

Macrocell

Rs

Spotbeam cell

Macrocell

Rs

)(

)]()( )[(

fhs3H

BsonsonBssohs3Nsh P1P1

P1P1P

usu2

ss DR

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Channel holding time

State-transition diagram

NsNs-NshNs-Nso-

Nsh0 Ns+Nsh

ss os h

H 3

ss o hs h s h s h s h

(N s-N so-N sh+1)(N s-N sh+1)(N s+1)

(N s+N sh)+q

NsNs-NshNs-Nso-

Nsh0 Ns+Nsh

ss os h

H 3

ss o hs h s h s h s h

(N s-N so-N sh+1)(N s-N sh+1)(N s+1)

(N s+N sh)+q

)()()( )(

)()()( )(

fhsshBsonsonBssohs

3hM

fhssh

3nM

BsonsonBssohs

3H PPP

PPP

T111

111

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Performance measures

shs NNjjBsohBs PPP

shsos NNNjjBson PP

)()()(

)(

shNk

1i

i

q3H

shs

q

q3H

shs

3Hshs

21

NN1

NN

NN1fhskP

sh

sNk

fhskkNfhs PPP

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Users classification

Terrestrial-only users, who access only the terrestrial

subnetwork at the microcell and macrocell layers.

Satellite-only users, with access only to the satellite sub network.

Dual-mode users using dual-mode telephone sets, to enable them to access both the terrestrial and the satellite sub network.

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Terrestrial-only users

The overall blocking and handoff failure probabilities are:

BMonBmBto PPP

BMohfhmfhto PPP

The weighted blocking and handoff failure probabilities are:

Mhmmh

fhMMhBMohmfhmmhfhtw C

PPCPP

Mmm

BMMBMonmBmmBtw C

PPCPP

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Satellite-only users

The overall and weighted blocking probabilities are:

BsBswBso PPP

fhsfhswfhso PPP

The overall and weighted handoff failure probabilities are:

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Dual-mode users

The overall blocking and handoff failure probabilities are:

The weighted blocking and handoff failure probabilities are:

BsonBMonBmBdo PPPP

BsohBMohfhmfhdo PPPP

sMMMmm

BssBsonMBMMBMonmBmmBdw CCC

PPCPPCPP

)(

shMMhMmmh

fhsshBsohMfhMMhBMohmfhmmhfhdw CCC

PPCPPCPP

)(

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Forced termination probabilities

3Hfhs

fhs3N3FFs PP11

PPPP

)(

BMonBm

BMonBm2FBm2FBMohBMoh1FFt PP1

P1PPP1PP1PPP

)( )(

BsonBMonBm

BsonBMonBmFsBMonBmFMBmFmFd PPP1

P1PPPP1PPP1PP

)()(

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Noncompleted call probabilities

)( BtoFtBtonct P1PPP

)( BsFsBsncs P1PPP

)( BdoFdBdoncd P1PPP

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Results and discussionResults and discussion

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Numerical results

Rm=1km., RM=5km., Rs=70km.,

Cm=10, CM=30, Nm=16, Nmh=2,

NM=32, NMo=4, NMh=4, Ns=56,

Nso=7, Nsh=7, Dum=100 user/km2,

DuM=40 user/km2, Dus=6 user/km2,

TM=120s, , Vmax1=40 km./hr.

Vmax2=90 km./hr. Vmax3=120 km./hr.

10TT 3Hq /

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10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Blo

ckin

g P

rob.

Pbm PbMonPbM PbsonPbs

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Blo

ckin

g P

rob.

Pbm PbMonPbM PbsonPbs

Blocking and handoff failure probabilities

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Han

dof

f F

ailu

re P

rob.

PfhmPfhMPfhs

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Han

dof

f F

ailu

re P

rob.

PfhmPfhMPfhs

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Overall blocking and handoff failure probabilities

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Ov

eral

l B

lock

ing

Pro

b.

PbdoPbtoPbso

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Ov

eral

l B

lock

ing

Pro

b.

PbdoPbtoPbso

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Ove

rall

Han

doff

Fai

lure

Pro

b.PfhdoPfhtoPfhso

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Ove

rall

Han

doff

Fai

lure

Pro

b.PfhdoPfhtoPfhso

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10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Wei

ghte

d H

ando

ff F

ailu

re P

rob.

PfhdwPfhtwPfhsw

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Wei

ghte

d H

ando

ff F

ailu

re P

rob.

PfhdwPfhtwPfhsw

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Wei

ghte

d B

lock

ing

Pro

b.

PbdwPbtwPbsw

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Wei

ghte

d B

lock

ing

Pro

b.

PbdwPbtwPbsw

Weighted blocking and handoff failure probabilities

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10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Ov

eral

l Fo

rced

Ter

min

atio

n P

rob

.

PFdPFtPFs

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Ov

eral

l Fo

rced

Ter

min

atio

n P

rob

.

PFdPFtPFs

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Ove

rall

Non

com

plet

ed c

all P

rob.

PncdPnctPncs

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Ove

rall

Non

com

plet

ed c

all P

rob.

PncdPnctPncs

Overall forced termination and noncompleted probabilities

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10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Han

doff

Fai

lure

Pro

b.

with sub-rating

without sub-rating

Pfhs PfhM

Pfhm

Pfhm

PfhM Pfhs

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Han

doff

Fai

lure

Pro

b.

with sub-rating

without sub-rating

Pfhs PfhM

Pfhm

Pfhm

PfhM Pfhs

Effect of sub-rating

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10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Blo

ckin

g an

d H

.O. f

ailu

re p

rob.

Effect of RCS

Blocking:

Nmh=5 3 1

H.O. failure:Nmh=1

Nmh=3

Nmh=5

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Blo

ckin

g an

d H

.O. f

ailu

re p

rob.

Effect of RCS

Blocking:

Nmh=5 3 1

H.O. failure:Nmh=1

Nmh=3

Nmh=5

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Blo

ckin

g an

d H

.O. F

ailu

re P

rob.

Effect of RCS & SRS

Blocking:

NMh=5 3 1

H.O. failure:

NMh=1 3 5

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Blo

ckin

g an

d H

.O. F

ailu

re P

rob.

Effect of RCS & SRS

Blocking:

NMh=5 3 1

H.O. failure:

NMh=1 3 5

Effect of RCS and SRS

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10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Blo

ckin

g an

d H

.O. f

ailu

re P

rob.

Effect of RCS, SRS, and QPS

Blocking:

H.O. failure:

Nsh=5 Nsh=3 Nsh=1

Nsh=1 Nsh=3

Nsh=5

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Blo

ckin

g an

d H

.O. f

ailu

re P

rob.

Effect of RCS, SRS, and QPS

Blocking:

H.O. failure:

Nsh=5 Nsh=3 Nsh=1

Nsh=1 Nsh=3

Nsh=5

Effect of RCS, SRS, and QPS

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10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

H.O

. fai

lure

Pro

b.

Effect of varying (Cm=5, 10, & 15)

Pfhm

PfhM Pfhs

Cm=5

Cm=10

Cm=15

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

H.O

. fai

lure

Pro

b.

Effect of varying (Cm=5, 10, & 15)

Pfhm

PfhM Pfhs

Cm=5

Cm=10

Cm=15

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Blo

ckin

g P

rob.

Effect of varing (Cm=5, 10, & 15)

Pbm

(Cm=5, 10, & 15)

PbM Cm=5

Pbs

10 15

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Blo

ckin

g P

rob.

Effect of varing (Cm=5, 10, & 15)

Pbm

(Cm=5, 10, & 15)

PbM Cm=5

Pbs

10 15

Effect of varying Cm

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10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Blo

ckin

g P

rob.

Effect of varing (CM=20, 30, & 40)

Pbm PbM Pbs

(CM=20, 30, & 40)

CM=20

30 40

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Blo

ckin

g P

rob.

Effect of varing (CM=20, 30, & 40)

Pbm PbM Pbs

(CM=20, 30, & 40)

CM=20

30 40

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

H.O

. fai

lure

Pro

b.

Effect of varying (CM=20, 30, & 40)

Pfhm PfhM Pfhs

CM=20 30 40

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

H.O

. fai

lure

Pro

b.

Effect of varying (CM=20, 30, & 40)

Pfhm PfhM Pfhs

CM=20 30 40

Effect of varying CM

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10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Blo

ckin

g &

H.O

fai

lure

Pro

b.

Effect of Queue (Nsh=0)

Pbs Pfhs

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Blo

ckin

g &

H.O

fai

lure

Pro

b.

Effect of Queue (Nsh=0)

Pbs Pfhs

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Pfh

s(Tq=TH3/2)(Tq=TH3/4)(Tq=TH3/6)

Effect of Tq

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Pfh

s(Tq=TH3/2)(Tq=TH3/4)(Tq=TH3/6)

Effect of Tq

Effect of infinite queue and Tq

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MIXING VOICE AND DATA SERVICES

(SERVICE INTEGRATION)

MIXING VOICE AND DATA SERVICES

(SERVICE INTEGRATION)

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shv+sond+sohd

+sd+shd

Mond+Mohd

+Md+Mhd

Monv

Microcell

Macrocell

mv+md+mhd mhv

Nm-NmhMohv+Mv

21 3

1 2

Mhv

Nm

sonv

Spotbeam cell

Ns-Nsh

NM-NMhNM-NMo-NMh

sohv

Ns-Nso-Nsh

21

sv

NM NM+P

Ns

shv+sond+sohd

+sd+shd

Mond+Mohd

+Md+Mhd

Monv

Microcell

Macrocell

mv+md+mhd mhv

Nm-NmhMohv+Mv

21 3

1 2

Mhv

Nm

sonv

Spotbeam cell

Ns-Nsh

NM-NMhNM-NMo-NMh

sohv

Ns-Nso-Nsh

21

sv

NM NM+P

Ns

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Numerical results

Rm=1km., RM=5km., Rs=70km.,

Cm=10, CM=30, Nm=16, Nmh=2,

NM=32, NMo=4, NMh=4, Ns=56,

Nso=7, Nsh=7, Dum=100 user/km2,

DuM=40 user/km2, Dus=6 user/km2,

TMv=120s, TMd=10s , Vmax1=40 km./hr.

Vmax2=90 km./hr. Vmax3=120 km./hr. P=5, ,

10TT 3Hq /

3.0 ,7.0 dv

3/uvud

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10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-10

10-8

10-6

10-4

10-2

100

voice call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Mic

roce

ll B

lock

ing

Pro

b.

PBm Pfhm

Microcell blocking probabilities

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Previous

Macrocell blocking probabilities

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-10

10-8

10-6

10-4

10-2

100

voice call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Mac

roce

ll B

lock

ing

Pro

b.

PBMonvPBMv PfhMv PtnMd PthMd

Next

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Spotbeam cell blocking probabilities

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-10

10-8

10-6

10-4

10-2

100

call rate per user (call/sec./user)

Spot

beam

cel

l Blo

ckin

g P

rob.

PBsonvPBsohvPBsv Pfhsv Ptnsd Pthsd

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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

•Satellite systems play an excellent role in global coverage \Satellite systems play an excellent role in global coverage \To provide wireless connection every where. To provide wireless connection every where.

•The next generation future network should provideThe next generation future network should provideglobal coverage and mixed media servicesglobal coverage and mixed media services

•Terrestrial network have limited coverage and may be Terrestrial network have limited coverage and may be economically infeasible. economically infeasible.

•The next generation future network should be an integrated The next generation future network should be an integrated terrestrial/satellite network.terrestrial/satellite network.

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•Handling the traffic load in this multilayer network need an Handling the traffic load in this multilayer network need an intelligent protocol architecture. intelligent protocol architecture.

•Varieties of handoff priority schemes were proposed in Varieties of handoff priority schemes were proposed in order to improve the performance of the systemorder to improve the performance of the system ..

• The presented analysis will help network designers to The presented analysis will help network designers to implement the future global network based on sound concepts. implement the future global network based on sound concepts.

• Both data and voice services are integrated over the Both data and voice services are integrated over the integrated proposed model to handle different user types.integrated proposed model to handle different user types.

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FUTUREFUTURE WORKWORK

SoftwareSoftware radioradio

Software radio is a wireless communications device in which some

or all of the physical layer functions are implemented in software

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Thank YouThank You