Nexus CEU final

“Sustainable Development Goals

and the nexus approach

Felix Dodds

Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net2

Felix Dodds• Felix Dodds is a Senior Fellow at the Global Research Institute and a Senior Affiliate at the

University of North Carolina and an Associate Fellow at the Tellus Institute.

• He was the co-director of the 2014 Nexus Conference on Water, Food, Energy and Climate.

• Felix was the Executive Director of Stakeholder Forum for a Sustainable Future from 1992-2012.

• He has been active at the UN since 1990 attending and actively participating in the World Summits, Conferences and has advised the Danish and UK Governments and the European Union

• In 2011 he chaired the United Nations DPI 64th NGO conference - 'Sustainable Societies Responsive Citizens'.

• From 1997-2001 he co-chaired the UN Commission on Sustainable Development NGO Steering Committee.

• He has coordinated some of the most innovative stakeholder dialogues at the intergovernmental level Bonn Water (2001), Bonn Energy (2004) and Bonn Nexus (2011).

• He has written or edited thirteen books the latest is due out in May 2016 The Water, Food and Climate Nexus: Challenges and an agenda for Action which he edited with Jamie Bartram.

• His next one out in September is Negotiating the Sustainable Development Goals: A transformational agenda for an insecure world with Ambassador David Donoghue and Jimena Leiva Roesch

March 2016


Earth Summit and Rio+5Earth Summit (1992)• Agenda 21• Water (chapter 18 ) – promoted

water as an economic good• Agriculture (chapter 14

Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development [SARD])• No ENERGY Chapter

• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

Rio+5 (1997)• United Nations General Assembly

Special Session to Review Agenda 21• Water (reviewed) - promoted Integrated

Water Management (IWM)and Integrated Water Basin Management (IWBM) – promoted economic pricing policies for water• Land and Sustainable Agriculture

(reviewed) - promoted outcome from the 1996 Food Summit – it did include the first clear recommendation relating to the issue of freshwater and argiculure • Energy (added) – focus on laying the

groundwork for future discussion – while recognizing that fossil fuel will continue to dominate the energy supply for many years

• UNGASS and Kyoto – prepared the ground for Kyoto

March 2016


Millennium Development Goals 2000

March 2016

2000 EIGHT Millennium Development Goals with 21 quantifiable targets with 60 indicators

2000 UN Global Compact launched as a voluntary initiative based on CEO commitments to implement universal sustainability principles and to take steps to support UN goals: promotes ten principles derived from: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Labour Organization’s Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, and the United Nations Convention Against Corruption.

Over 8000 companies have signed up.


World Summit on Sustainable Development

March 2016


Johannesburg Plan of Implementation • Energy- no link to food and

water• Water – Integrated Water

Resources Management and Water Efficiency by 2005

• Agriculture – Integrated Land Management and Water-use Plans

March 2016


Food and Energy

March 2016

Water-Climate-Energy

March 2016 Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net8


The strange re-birth of sustainable development

March 2016

“We have not implemented the Monterrey Consensus on Financing for Development, thus making it difficult for the majority of the developing countries especially those in Africa, to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, and have reduced the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation to an insignificant and perhaps forgotten piece of paper.” (Mbeki, 2006)


Financial Crisis 2008

March 2016

The impact of the financial crisis of 2008 was reviewed by the IMF in its 2010 report. It estimated the impact of the crisis was to see a further 53 million people drop into poverty.

The banks succeeded at privatizing the profits and socializing the losses as they led the global economy to the brink of collapse, the danger was growing of doing the same with the environment

Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net11 March 2016

Nexus Drivers•Population growth: Expected to reach 8 billion by 2024 and 9 billion by 2050; •Economic prosperity: There will be a rising economic prosperity in some of the emerging economies particularly in India and China;• Increasing urban world: by 2030 over 60% of people will live in urban areas and by 2050 70%;


Water990 million without access to safe drinking water2.5 billion without access to sanitation

Energy2.5 billion without access to modern forms of energy1.5 billion without access to electricity

Food1 billion suffering from hunger2010

Population growth, urbanization, economic growth, climate change

+40% energy demand +30-50% food demand

40% gap of water resources(Between availability and demand)

2030

AT THE TIPPING POINT



4

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Planetary Boundaries 2010 – Oxfam Doughnut 2011

July 22, 2012


Outcomes from Bonn 2011• Nexus opportunities require and entail • Overcome sector silos / tap synergies • Get coherence • Accelerate access to water-food-energy • Create more with less • End waste, minimize losses • Value natural infrastructure /

ecosystems • Mobilize consumersPrinciples

1. Putting people at the center of the nexus2. Work toward legislative frameworks, good

gov., reducing corruption3. Involve local communities

March 2016


What did Rio+20 actually do?

March 2016

Agreed:• To replace the Commission on

Sustainable Development by the High Level Political Forum meeting annually and at Heads of State every four years.

• Upgrading UNEP to meet biannually as a United Nations Environmental Assembly with ALL member states

• Accelerated the approach to the Green Economy

Set up a process to agree Sustainable Development Goals to replace Millennium Development Goals in 2015

Set up a process to bring financing for sustainable development to the Third Financing for Development Conference in 2015

Set up a process to break the disagreement on technology transfer


UNC Nexus Conference 2014

March 2016


2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 2015

March 2016

To replace the MDGs:• 100 National Consultations• 11 Thematic Consultations• Two High Level Panel

Reports (2011 and 2013)• Two Secretary General

Report• Rio+20• 13 sessions of the

Sustainable Development Open Working Group

• 8 Intergovernmental Negotiations Sessions


Sustainable Development Goals

March 2016

What are the differences between the MDGs and SDGs?

The MDGs just applied to developing countriesThe SDGs apply to ALL countries

The MDGS are addressing developmentThe SDGs are addressing sustainable development

The MDGs address the problemsThe SDGs address the symptoms and causes


Sustainable Development Goals

March 2016


Main Actors

March 2016

Farrukh Khan, Pakistan

Ambassador Kitty Heijden Netherlands

Paula Caballero Colombia

David O'Connor UNDESA

Mohamed Khalil Egypt

Jimena Leiva Roesch Guatemala

Ambassador Macharia Kamau, Kenya

Author


Nexus Links between Energy-Food-Water=Climate

March 2016


The Urban Nexus Solution Elements

March 2016


conceptual - how does the WEF nexus appear in the SDGs

March 2016


How can it help operationalize ‘nexus thinking’ through SDG implementation?

Horizontal and vertical interactions and coherence relationships

•Sectoral coherence: from one policy sector to another

•Transnational coherence: from one jurisdiction to another

•Governance coherence: from one set of interventions to another

•Multilevel coherence: from global /international agreements to national and local policy

•Implementation coherence: from policy objective to instrument design to practice (ICSU)

• What are the main types of interactions from the SDG into other goals and targets in the 2030 Agenda? • What are the key potential development dilemmas or serious goal conflicts? • What would be solution space in terms of governance measures or technological options that could transform the current interactions to a more positive interaction?• In what ways is the identified goals nexus affected by policies or markets internationally (such as development cooperation, trade policies, exports, investments)?• What are the main discrepancies between stated policy targets and action / practice? (ICSU)

March 2016


Some questions to consider 1. How should the science community change its operations to address the Nexus?2. What are the challenges for industry address the Nexus on implementation of the SDGs?3. How should local and sub-national governments address the Nexus in their planning?4. How could national parliaments address the Nexus?5.How should NGOs change their approach to show the interlinkages of the Nexus in their own implementation?6. What changes at the intergovernmental level should be taken to ensure the Nexus is addressed in the follow up?7. What are the implications for the SDG and the Nexus agendas with President Trump?

March 2016


Felix DoddsSenior Fellow at the Global Research Institute

University of North Carolina

"We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them.” Einstein…….."Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe.“ Einstein

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