Nicholas Batt

Utilising Storage Technologies to Smooth Ramp

Rates, Moderate Peaks and Troughs in Wind

Output and Variability

Separator

Pb PbO2

Lead-Acid Cell

+ -

Separator

PbO2 Carbon Electrode

Ultracapacitor

- +

i i1

i2 + -

UltraBattery® Technology

New Lead-Acid

Market

PSOC

UltraBattery

1881

0%

100%

80%

20%

1960 1980 Today

The New Dimension in a Lead Acid World

Market Size:

$15B

Starter Battery

State of Charge

Market Size:

$3.5B

Motive Battery

Market Size:

$6B

Standby Battery

PSoC Throughput Testing

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

120%

130%

140%

150%

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000

Axis

Title

Sandia Test Cycles

UltraBattery Regulation Services PSoC Throughput Testing

Standard VRLA

Sandia UB 12 UltraBattery

Li-ion (Li-FePO4)

Ecoult 95-7 Test

EPM UB12

EPM 31UB4000

$/Life

Throughput

*Courtesy of Furukawa Battery

Peak Shifting*

Load Levelling* Reg. Services

Wind Smoothing Solar Smooth. & Shift.

Diesel Hybrid Support

Diesel Hybrid Support

Solar Smoothing

*Courtesy of Furukawa Battery

Load Levelling*

Wind Smoothing

Reg. Services

Peak Shifting* Solar Shifting

Hours Seconds

Wind Smoothing

Power Smoothing –Containerized VRLA UltraBattery Cells (2 x CUBS)

1MW DC Converter with Power Regulator

1MW Grid-Tied Inverter

BESS Master

Controller

BES SYSTEM

SUPPLIED BY

EPM/ECOULT

660 kW WIND TURBINE

11 kV

Of Hampton Wind Farm Energy Storage System

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0:00 2:24 4:48 7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36 0:00

kW

time (hh:mm)

storage.powerIn storage.powerOut storage.targetPowerOut

5 min Ramp rate In 5 min ramp rate out

5 min Ramp rate Chart 2010-12-26_to_2010-12-27

Ra

mp

ra

te k

W p

er

5 m

in

Of Wind Output and Ramp Rate Reduction with Fixed-Parameter Controller Algorithm

Source & System State

Offline Machine Learning Fitting Engine

(Compute intensive)

Real Time Machine Learning Execution Engine

(Fast)

Controller Algorithm

Objectives

Costs

Electrical limits

Physical constraints

History Real Time

Equation Parameters

Variable PI Coefficients

-50

0

50

100

150

200

0:00 4:48 9:36 14:24 19:12 0:00

kW

time (hh:mm)

storage.powerIn

storage.powerOut

storage.targetPowerOut

Of Wind Smoothing Algorithm Development System

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

22/03/2011 7:12 22/03/2011 7:19 22/03/2011 7:26 22/03/2011 7:33 22/03/2011 7:40 22/03/2011 7:48 22/03/2011 7:55

SO

C (

%)

kW

or

kW

/5m

in

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

22/03/2011 7:1222/03/2011 7:1922/03/2011 7:2622/03/2011 7:3322/03/2011 7:4022/03/2011 7:4822/03/2011 7:55

SO

C (

%)

kW

or

kW

/5m

in

Wind

Output

RampRate

Storage

Anticipates wind

rise – lowers SOC

Reduces 5 min

ramp rate

Reduces HF noise

in output

Standard fixed parameter PI algorithm Adaptive PI algorithm

Optimised against ramp rate only Very short term forecasting

Advanced Algorithm Results

Of Wind Output and Ramp Rate Reduction

Regulation Services

PJM Request and BESS Response

Po

we

r (M

W)

N

eg

ative

fo

r C

ha

rge

& P

osi

tive

fo

r D

isc

ha

rge

3:00:00 6:00:00 9:00:00 12:00:00 15:00:00

PJM Request (MV) BESS Response(MV) 4

3

2

1

0

-1

-2

-4

-3

Accuracy of Signal

String SOC

SO

C

60

55

50

45

40

String 1 (%) String 2 (%) String 3 (%) String 4 (%)

3:00:00 6:00:00 9:00:00 12:00:00 15:00:00

State of Charge

Solar Smoothing & Shifting/Firming

2 Clear Days & 1 Cloudy Day

4 Hour Window

15 Minute Window

PV Output

Battery Output

System Output

Cloudy Day

Clear Day Blue – PV

Yellow – Battery

Red – Primary Meter

Magnified

Cloudy Day - Altocumulus

Stored PV Energy

Firm PM Energy Output Firm AM Output

Manual Shifting

Firm PM Energy Output

Automated Shifting Service Starts

Firmed PV - Clear Days Firmed PV - Cloudy

Days with Simultaneous

Smoothing

Refined Automated Shifting Service Starts

Stored PV Energy

PV Output

Battery Output

System Output

Load Levelling Load Levelling* Peak Shifting* Wind Smoothing Solar Smooth. & Shift. Diesel Hybrid Support Reg. Services

MW kW *Courtesy of Furukawa Battery

large small

MW kW

Ecoult &

Flexible Storage

Solutions With

Low $/Life

Throughput

Recyclable Safe

Globally

Successful

Australian

Technology

The Energy Storage Solution of Choice

The Energy Storage Solution of Choice

Nicholas Batt, Electrical Engineer

www.ecoult.com

Nicholas Batt

Utilising Storage Technologies to Smooth Ramp

Rates, Moderate Peaks and Troughs in Wind

Output and Variability