Date post: | 24-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | bertha-bruce |
View: | 215 times |
Download: | 2 times |
ATHLETIC INJURIES AND SPORTS PSYCHOLOGYNicola Sperry, Matthew Gerrior, Kaitlin Fehr
HK 236
Contents Factors affecting
Injury Relationship between
stress and injury Predisposition to injury Psychological
reactions Psychology of
recovery Coping skills
How Do Injuries In Exercise and Sport Happen? Physical Factors
Muscle imbalance, high speed collisions, overtraining, physical fatigue
Psychological Factors Personality factors, stress
levels and attitudes
Personality Factors
(Ford, Ekuland, & Gordon 2000; Smith et al., 2000)Optimism, self-esteem, hardiness & trait anxiety in relation to injury Inconsistency in research
Stress Levels (Anderson & Williams,
1988; Johnson, 2007; Williams & Anderson, 1998, 2007)
Relationship between life stress and injury rates
Major life changes Stress sources Psychological reactions
and social concerns- fear of reinjury
Stress management training
Relationship Between Stress and Injury
2 Major Theories Attentional Disruption Increased Muscle Tension
Attentional Disruption
Reducing Peripheral Attention State Anxiety
Increased Muscle Tension
Interference with normal coordination Fatigue, Muscle Inefficiency, Reduced
Flexibility & Motor Coordination Problems
Attitudes that Predispose Players to Injury
Rotella & Heyman, 1986 Coach's Attitudes
“Act Tough and Give 100%” Failure to emphasize the need to recognize and
accept injuries Encouragement to play hurt or take risks
“If You're Injured, You're Worthless” Winning more important than the athlete's well
being
Injury Pain vs. Training Discomfort
Pushing through workouts Ignoring Injury “Train Hard and Smart”
Psychological Reactions
Five Stage Grief Response1. Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining
4. Depression
5. Acceptance
New Psychological Reaction TheoryThree General Responses
1. Injury-relevant information processing
2. Emotional upheaval and reactive behaviour
3. Positive outlook and coping
More Psychological Reactions
Identity loss Fear and anxiety Lack of confidence Performance decrements
Adjustment to Injury
Coaches and trainers look for specific symptoms to evaluate whether the athlete should go to psychological counselling
Examples: anger, confusion, denial, mood swings
Psychology of Recovery
Fast healing vs. Slow healing athletes
Effects of relaxation techniques and imagery
Adherence to rehabilitation programs
Characteristics of successful recovery
Implications for Injury Treatment and Recovery
3 Stage Model constructed by Bianco, Malo and Orlick in 1999
1. Injury or Illness Phase2. Rehabilitation and Recovery Phase3. Return to Full Activity Phase
Injury or Illness Phase
Main focus is to help the athlete deal with the emotional upheaval that accompanies the onset of injury.
Rehabilitation and Recovery Phase Main focus is to help the athlete sustain
motivation and adherence to rehabilitation protocols
Return to Full Activity Phase Main focus is to return the athlete to
normal functioning within his or her sport.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmbljF2RrNg
Crosby’s Rehabilitation
Quotes During Crosby’s Recovery: “The symptoms are getting a lot better,
but I wouldn't say [I'm] symptom free” "The good thing is I have a pretty good
handle on it [motion sickness]." "It's good for me to be around the guys
and hopefully support them and they can see that I'm getting closer and closer."
Road to Recovery
At Risk
High trait anxiety High life stress Low psychological and coping skills Low social support High avoidance coping
How to Help the Injured Athlete Build rapport
Empathetic and realisticKeep up momentum
Educate athlete Informed about the injury and
recovery process Teach how to cope with
setbacks Foster social support
Don’t let this die out as the healing process continues
Specific Psychological Coping Skills Goal setting
SMARTLong term and short term goalsEach component of rehabilitationHighly motivated athletes
Positive self-talkHelp to counteract the lowered confidenceTurn negative thoughts into positive ones
Example of positive self-talkNegative Thought Positive Thought
I’ll never be able to perform as well as I did before this injury
This injury has allowed me to identify a number of weakness is my fitness. I will work on these areas of weakness, while rehabilitating the injury. This will allow me to return as a stronger player than I was before injury
Specific Psychological Coping Skills Imagery/Visualization
RelaxClose their eyes and create a vivid and convincing
imageMaintain a positive attitudeHave realistic expectationsUse all of their senses to make the image as
realistic as possible
Specific Psychological Coping Skills Pain Management Imagery
Imagine tight muscles getting massaged
Feel heat/ice on sore body part
Imagine swelling draining out of the body
Imagine pain flowing out of the injured body part
Specific Psychological Coping Skills Healing Imagery
A healing image is one that symbolizes recoveryBroken bone: cement filling in a break in a boneTorn muscle: muscle fibers braiding together