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NICOTINE
VACCINE
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SMOKINGSingle leading preventable cause
of death.
The WHO estimates:
1.3 billion smokers worldwide5 million tobacco-related deaths
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TOBACCO USE AND HEALTH
Smoking harms almost all organs of thebody
Respiratory diseases Heart diseases Cancer
Stroke Reproductive complications.
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"Quitting smoking is easyI've done it a thousand times
-Mark Twain
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WHY CESSATION ? The single most important step thatsmokers can take to enhance the lengthand quality of their lives.
SMOKING
CESSATION
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WHAT MAKES TOBACCO SO ADDICTIVE ?
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Mesolimbic area
High concentrationof
42 nACh receptors.
Arousal, reward systemPleasure,reward
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Nicotine distilled from Tobacco
Carried to lungs
Diffuses into brain
Binds to 42 nAchRs
Release of dopamine
Psychoactive effects of Nicotine
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CURRENTLY AVAILABLE THERAPY
FIRST LINE AGENTS
Nicotine replacement therapy
1.Transdermal patch2.Gum3.Nasal spray4.Lozenge
Bupropion (an atypical antidepressant) Varenicline (a partial agonist of the
42 nAch R)
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SECOND LINE AGENTS
Nortriptyline (a tricyclic antidepressantagent).
Clonidine (a central sympatholytic).
COMMON ADVERSE EFFECTS
Sleep disturbances Cough Nervousness Mouth and throat irritations
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NICOTINE VACCINE
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HAPTENNICOTINE CARRIER
PROTEIN
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Doesnt act onbrain
Longer lastingthan oral agents
Fewer sideeffects
Repeated boosterdoses needed tomaintain maximalantibody levels
Advantages Disadvantages
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CONCLUSION
The key to a successful smokingcessation program is to not only stop theurge to smoke,it must prevent relapse by
preventing the initial addiction.
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A nicotine vaccine may break thecycle that fuels the habit