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NationalBureauofStatistics
EstablishmentSurvey2011
2011Socio-EconomicSurvey:Sectoral
WagesandEmolumentsThisabstractcontainsthe2011ReportonSectoralWagesandEmolumentsin
SelectedSectorsoftheNigerianEconomy
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NationalBureauofStatistics
EstablishmentSurvey2011
SURVEYONSECTORALWAGESANDEMOLUMENTS
This report provides an overview of the structure of employment and
remuneration across selected sectors included in the NBS Establishment
Survey,2011.
Emolument is defined as advantage, benefit, profit or wages received as
compensationforbeingemployedorholdinganofficeinthesurveysectors
underconsideration.This includesmanufacturing sector (cement,andothermanufacturing),HotelsandRestaurants,WholesaleandRetailTrade,Mining
andQuarrying,PrivateProfessionalServices,andBuildingandConstruction.
Thisreportcontainsabriefanalysisofthesesectorsoverthelastoneyear.
SampleDesignandMethodology
The scope of the survey covered the subject areas using 3 NBS survey
infrastructure namely; National Integrated Survey of Households, National
IntegratedSurveyofEstablishmentsandSystemofAdministrativeStatistics.
NationalIntegratedSurveyofHouseholds(NISH)
TheNational IntegratedSurveyofHousehold isthesystemforwhichall the
Household-BasedSurveysareconductedintheNationalBureauofStatistics.
The scope covered under the NISH includes: Household Composition,
Household Amenities, Health, Education and Employment. Others include
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Contraceptive Prevalence, Births and Deaths in last 12 months, Child
ImmunizationandChildMalnutrition,OwnershipandAccesstoInformation
andCommunicationTechnology(ICT),VoluntaryorSocialWork(Non-profit
Institutions), Operationof ICT businessoutfit,Housingproject,Remittances
fromabroad;CropProduction,LivestockProduction,PoultryKeeping,Fishing,
FarmingInputsandProcessingandStorageFacilities.
NationalIntegratedSurveyofEstablishments(NISE)
Nine (9) sectors were covered under the National Integrated Survey ofEstablishments. These were Agriculture (Crop, Livestock, Poultry, Fishing,
Hunting and Forestry), Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing (Cement, Oil
Refining and otherManufacturing),Building&Construction,Wholesaleand
Retail Trade, Hotel and Restaurant and Tourism, Organized Road
Transport/Storage,PrivateProfessionalServicesandOtherCommunitySocial
and Personal Services. Areas covered include kind of activity, legal form of
ownership,personsengaged,paidemployees,wagesandsalaries,description
of products, installed production capacity, production and cost of
production/operationetc.
SystemofAdministrativeStatistics(SAS)
The System of Administrative Statistics cut across establishments and
institutions in areas such as Education, Electricity, Oil and Gas, Health,
Housing,PublicAdministration,UtilitiesandGovernmentFinance.
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SurveyInstruments
The main instruments developed for the collaborative survey were the
questionnaires and instruction manuals. The instruction manuals were
developed to facilitate application of the questionnaires, covering the three
NBSsurveyinfrastructure.
TheNationalIntegratedSurveyofHouseholds(NISH)
Six (6) types of questionnaires were developed, including the General
HouseholdSurvey(GHS)questionnaire,GeneralHouseholdListingandMaster
Sample questionnaire, Crop Farmers, Livestock, Poultry and Fishery
questionnaires.TheGHSquestionnaireused for this survey isrevised along
withtheWorldBanktobeabletocapturepovertyanalysisissues.
TheNationalIntegratedSurveyofEstablishment(NISE)
Seventeen(17)typesofquestionnairesweredesignedtocapturetherelevant
information canvassed from the 9 sectors and sub-sectors of the economy,
namely; Agriculture, including Crop, Livestock, Poultry, Fishing, Forestry,
Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing, Building & Construction, Wholesale
and Retail Trade, Hotel and Restaurant and Tourism, Organized Road
Transport/Storage, Real Estate and Business Services, Health and Social
works, Other Community Social and Personal Services Activities. Analogue
questionnaireswere used for collecting data on all the sectors in theNISE
module.
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TheSystemofAdministrativeStatistics(SAS)
Twenty Five (25) types of questionnaires were designed to collect
information through administrative records from institutions and
establishmentsinsocialandeconomicsectorscovering;Education,Electricity,
Oil and Gas, Health, Housing, Public Administration and Defense, Utilities,
GovernmentFinance,etc.
Analoguequestionnaireswereusedforallthesectorsandsub-sectors.
SampleDesign
Themulti-subject socio-economic survey employed the National Bureau of
Statistics(NBS)NISHandNISESampledesigns.
NationalIntegratedSurveyofHouseholdSampleDesign
This Sample Design consists of the General Household Survey and the
National Agricultural Sample Survey designs. Both survey designs were
derived from the NBS 2007/12 NISH sample design. The 2007/12 NISH
sampledesignisa2-stage,replicatedandrotatedclustersampledesignwith
EnumerationAreas (EAs) as firststage samplingunitsorPrimarySampling
Units(PSUs),whileHouseholdsconstitutedthesecondstageunits(secondary
sampling units). The householdswere the Ultimate Sampling Units for the
multi-subjectsurvey.
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Generally,theNISHMasterSampleineachstateismadeupof200EAsdrawn
into20replicates.Areplicateconsistsof10EAs.Replicates10-15,subsetsof
theMasterSamplewerestudiedformodulesoftheNISH.
GeneralHouseholdSurvey(GHS)
The GHSwas implemented as a NISHmodule. Six replicates (1015)were
studied per state including the FCT. With a fixed-take of 10 households
systematicallyselectedperEA,600Households(HHs)werethus,selectedfor
interviewperstateincludingtheFCT.Hence,nationally,atotalof22,200HHs
were drawn from the 2,220 EAs selected for interview for the GHS. The
selectedEAsandHHswithinthemcutacrosstheruralandurbansectors.
PrivateFarmersSurvey
Totalsamplesizeof35,520FarmingHouseholds(FHHs)acrossallthestates
including FCT, were drawn from 2,220 EAs. In each state 960 FHHs were
drawn from 60 EAs. The listings of households in the selected EAs were
updated before being stratified into farming and non-farming households.
ThefarminghouseholdswerefurtherstratifiedintoCropFarmingHouseholds
(CFHHs), Livestock Farming Households (LFHHs), Poultry Farming
Households(PFHHs)andFishingFarmingHouseholds(FFHHs). IneachEA,
ratio5:5:3:3were imposedaccording tothe intensityandpreponderanceof
thesefarmingactivities.Attheend,16HHswereexpectedtobecoveredin
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anyratioiftheimposedonecouldnotbesatisfied.Ateachlevelofselection,
householdsweresystematicallyselectedusingdifferentrandomstart.
All households that qualified as farming households were served with
relevantprivatefarmersquestionnaires.
NationalIntegratedSurveyofEstablishmentsSampleDesign
TwoframescomprisingofCorporateFarmsandEstablishmentsemploying10
personsandabovewereused.400corporatefarmswerecanvassed.Atotalof
4,600 establishments employing 10 persons and abovewere canvassed for
thesurvey.Acombinationofparameterswasfactoredintotheselectionand
allocationofestablishmentstothesectorsandstates.Theparameterswere;
thecontributionofeachsectortotheGDP,numberofestablishmentsineach
employment band by sector and purposive or a-priori knowledge of
performanceofthesectorstotheeconomy.
SystemofAdministrativeStatistics(SAS)Design
The design for the SAS involved complete coverage of the listed
establishments/Institutions,Ministries,Departments andAgencies. The SAS
operation covered all relevant MDAs at the National, State and Local
GovernmentAreaLevels.
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NationalBureauofStatistics
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FieldWorkArrangement
The field work arrangement for the survey followed two approaches as
contained in the NISH and NISE survey systems, meaning that NISH was
household based while NISE/SAS adopted the Establishments/Institutions
approach.
HouseholdComponent
Ineachstate,3teamswereused.Ateamwasmadeupofonesupervisorandfourenumerators.Eachteamcovered20EnumerationAreasforaperiodof
26days.ApairofEnumeratorsinateamcovered10EAs.Thistranslatedto
covering an Enumeration Area for an average of 5 days for the different
statisticaloperations.Eachteammovedinarovingmanner.
EstablishmentComponent:
The second approach involved lodgment and retrieval of NISE and SAS
questionnaires. The number of staff per state varied with the total
establishments studied. On the average, ten (10) officers covered the
operationineachstate.
QualityControlandRetrievalofRecord
Quality Controlmeasureswere carriedout during the survey, essentially to
ensurequality of data. Three levelsof supervisionwere adopted, involving
supervisors of the team at the first level; CBN staff,NBS StateOfficers and
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ZonalControllersatthe second leveland finally theNBS/NCCHeadquarters
staffconstitutingthethirdlevelsupervision.
Fieldmonitoringandqualitycheckexerciseswerealsocarriedoutduringthe
periodofdatacollectionaspartofthequalitycontrolmeasures.
A sample of 600 householdwas taken from each of the 36 states and the
Federal Capital Territory (FCT). This produced a national sample size of
22,200 households of which over 97percent responded. Themain survey
instrumentused for capturing informationon ICTAccessandOwnership is
the General Household Survey Questionnaire and the field manual whichexplainsthedesignanddefinitionsoftermsandterminology.
ThesurveywasconductedbetweenFebruaryandMarch2011andcompleted
inJuly2011.
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HighlightsofFindings
Over 2009 and 2010, the professional services, manufacturing sectors
(excludingcement),and thewholesaleand retail sectors continue tobe the
largestemployersinthesurvey.In2010,mostsectorscoveredinthisreport
exhibitedanincreaseinthenumberofpaidworkers.However,sectorssuchas
cement manufacturing and professional services exhibited declines. The
banking sub-sector, a component of the professional services sector is one
reasonfortheexhibiteddeclineintheaforementionedsector,duetotheon-
goingreformsandconsolidation.
The manufacturing sectors (cement and other manufacturing) and theprofessionalsectorsrecordedthehighestearningworkersovertheyear.This
reflectsthepremiumontheabilitytoproducegoodsandservicesconsumed
in the country as well as the demand for skilled manpower in a range of
servicesfrombankingandfinance,totelecommunicationsandconsulting.
Figure1:Personsinpaidemployment
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Figure2:ChangeinPaidEmploymentbySector.Source:NBS2011
Figure3:Averagesectoralmonthlywage(Naira).Source:NBS2011
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Cementmanufacturing
Thenumberofpersonsinpaidemploymentattheendof2010inthecement
manufacturingsub-sectorstoodat3318,comparedto4142in2009,adecline
of 19.9%. In 2010, the average monthly wage fell to N80144.84 from
N83961.41 in 2009, a decline of 4.5%. At the end of 2009, the number of
workersengaged inthe cement industrystoodat4289but thisdropped to
3658 by the end of 2010, meaning 631 persons either lost their jobs or
switched jobs away from the cement manufacturing industry. The total
spendingonemoluments (comprisingofwages/salaries and otherbenefits)
for the industry in 2010 stood at about N3.19 billion, which was
approximately23.5%lessthantheN4.17billionspentin2009.
Figure 4: Persons Engaged and Persons in Paid Employment in the Cement Manufacturing Sector in 2010.
Source:NBS2011
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Hotels&Restaurants
The total emoluments spending for the Hotels & Restaurants sector was
N29.73billionin2010,representinga6.1%increaseover2009spendingof
N28.01 billion. Workers in this sector earned an average monthlywage of
N34,544.55 in 2010, compared to N33,988.08 in 2009 a slight increase of
1.6%. The number of persons in paid employment in the Hotels and
Restaurants sector increased to 71,726 in 2010 from 68,696 in 2009. This
represents an increase of 4.4%. Between the end of 2009 and 2010, the
numberofpersonsengagedinthesectorincreasedby2336personsto73,026
persons.
Figure 5:Persons Engaged and Persons inPaid Employment in the Hotels and Restaurants Sector in2010.
Source:NBS2011
Mining&Quarrying
Intheminingandquarryingsector,theaveragemonthlywagewhichstoodat
N26,575.32 in 2009, fell to N22,475.31 in 2010(a decrease of 15.4%).The
numberofpersonsinpaidemploymentroseduringtheperiodfrom4858in
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NationalBureauofStatistics
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2009to 5792 in 2010, an increaseof 19.2%.A totalof 5,147personswere
engagedinthesectorin2009.Thisroseto6,221in2010,meaning1074jobs
wereaddedinthesectorduringtheperiodunderreview.Totalspendingon
emoluments increasedslightly toN1.56billion in2010, compared toN1.55
billionin2009.
Figure6:PersonsEngagedand PersonsinPaidEmploymentin theMiningandQuarryingSector.Source:NBS
2011
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NationalBureauofStatistics
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Professionalservices
In 2009, theworkers in private professional services earned on average, a
monthlywageofN32,871.63.ThisrosetoN42,558.92in2010,representinga
29.5% increase.The totalwage bill for this sector in 2010stoodat N167.4
billion,anincreaseof26.2%fromN132.7billionrecordedin2009.Amongthe
sectorssurveyed,thissectorhasthehighestnumberofpaidemployees,with
327,777 persons in 2010, a decline of 2.5% from 336,309 a year earlier.
Between 2009 and 2010, the number of persons engaged in private
professionalservicesincreasedfrom341,247to345,568,implyingadditionof
over4321jobsduringtheperiod.
Figure7:PersonsEngagedandPersonsinPaidEmploymentintheProfessionalServicesSectorin2010.Source:
NBS2011
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Wholesale&Retailtrade
Thesurveyofwholesale and retail trade coversestablishments engaged in
bulk and retail trade activities such as stores and supermarkets. In 2010,
averagewagestoodatjustoverN19,798.06permonthforthe92,287workers
inpaidemploymentinthesector,whereasin2009,atotalof78,049workers
in paid employment earned a monthly wage of N18,693 on average. This
representeda5.9%increasebetween2009and2010.Thetotalexpenditure
on emoluments for the sector reached N17.5billion in 2009, but rose to
N21.9billionbyendof2010,a25.2%increase.Approximately15,095persons
wereemployedinthesectorduringtheyear.
Figure8:PersonsEngagedandPersonsinPaidEmploymentintheWholesaleandRetailSectorin2010.Source:
NBS2011
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Buildingandconstruction
ThebuildingandconstructionsectorpaidamonthlywageofN33,997.06on
average in 2009, but this rose to N35,121.16 in 2010, a 3.3% increase. In
addition, 76,473 workers were in paid employment in the sector in 2010
compared to 66,814 in 2009. In 2010,76,611personswere engaged in the
sectorcomparedto67,305personsengagedin2009.For2010,thetotalwage
billstoodatN32.23billioncomparedtoN27.26billionin2009,anincreaseof
18.2%.
Figure9:PersonsEngagedandPersonsinPaidEmploymentin theBuildingandConstructionSector in2010.
Source:NBS2011
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Othermanufacturing
Inthiscategory,anadditional2913positionswerecreatedwithintheyear,as
323,716 persons were engaged in the sector in 2009, rising to 326,629 in
2010. Themonthlywage, on average,also roseby17.5% to N58,949.40 in
2010,upfromN50,177.32in2009.288,276personswereemployedandpaid
in2009,butthisincreasedby4.3%to300,675personsaspaidemployeesin
the sector in 2010. The totalwagebill for the sector in 2010was N212.69
billion representing a 22.5% increase over the total wage profile of
N173.58billionin2009.
Figure 10: Persons Engaged and Persons in Paid Employment in the Other Manufacturing Sector in 2010.
Source:NBS2011
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E t bli h t S 2011
Conclusion
As in every economy, there continues to be a premium on the ability of
individuals to contribute value added inputs into the production process,
whether in the manufacturing sector or the professional services sector.
Nigeriasdemandforbasicgoodsandservicesaswellascreativityisreflected
inthehigheraveragemonthlywagesinthemanufacturingandprofessional
servicessectorsrelativetoothersectors.
Definitions
i. Average monthly wage: this is obtained by dividing summation of the total wage bill over the year by thenumber of persons in paid employment as the end of the year end i.e TOTAL WAGES & SALARIES
PAYMENTS (Q1 to Q4) / TOTAL PAID EMPLOYEES (Q4). The result is divided by 12 (months) to
obtain the monthly wage.
ii. Number of paid employees:represents the workforce for the purpose of computing sectoral remunerationlevels. The value at the end of the year (Q4) is taken as reference.