Nigeria’s Health Statistics and Trends
Dr Zipporah Kpamor Being a presentation at the Nigeria Behind the Headlines:
Population, Health, Natural Resources, and Governance Conference organized by
The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Environmental Change and Security Program, Global Health Initiative, and Africa
Program 25 April 2012
Introduction 1 • Nigeria is a country on the West
Coast of Africa; • It is the most populous black
country in the world • Nigeria has a young population
– 52% live in rural areas • Nigeria is rich in diversity:
– with substantial oil reserves – over 70% poor. – significantly economic growth
unimproved everyday livelihoods. • Nigeria has some of the poorest
health indicators in the world • Why?
Introduction cont’d • Nigeria operates a
Federal System of Government with three levels;
• There are 774 LGAs within the 36 states and Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja.
• The states and FCT are grouped into six geo-political zones:
Source: NSHDP 2009
The Health System • The Nigeria Health System is fashioned after the
3 tiers of Government • Players
– Government – Non- Government Players: – Donors – USG; DFID, Global Fund
• PHC – adopted to provide health for all Nigerians. – Very little community participation
• Quality of care needs substantial improvement.
Trend and Targets of Selected Health indicators
Indicator 2003 2008 2015 Target
Population 124 million 158 million* Life expectancy at birth 46.5 47 years 70 years TFR 5.7 5.7 children Modern method CPR 8% 10% 36% Unmet need for FP 17% 20% 0% Maternal Mortality Ratio 800/100,00
0 LB 545/100,000 LB
136/100,000 LB
Women with at least 4 antenatal care (ANC) visits
48% 45%
Births delivered by a skilled provider
43% 39% 100%
Sources: 2003 NDHS; 2008 NDHS; UNDESA, 2010*; FMOH**
Trends and Targets of Selected Health Indicators cont’d
Indicator 2003 2008 2015 Target
Infant mortality rate (IMR) 100/1000LB
75/1,000 LB
30/1000 LB
Under-five MR 201/1000LB
157/1,000 LB
75/1000 LB
Proportion of 1 year old children immunized against Measles
60% 41 % 95%
Children under 5 who are underweight for age
29% 23% 18%
Children under 5 who slept under an ITN the night before the survey
1.2% 23% 60 %
HIV prevalence 5.0% 4.1% ** 1% Sources: 2003 NDHS; 2008 NDHS; UNDESA 2010*; FMOH**; MDG 2010 Report
7
Grew 12 fold in a century!
Source: PRB
Population of Nigeria Rapid Growth
8
Large Population
Source: www.worldmapper.org
In P
ersp
ectiv
e
Nigeria
9
Projected Population 2050 Why is Nigeria failing to meet its goal
Source: www.worldmapper.org
Nigeria
6.3 5.7
4.0
3.0 2.7 2.5 1.9
0
2
4
6
8
Chad Nigeria Ghana Egypt India Brazil Iran
Birt
hs p
er W
oman
(ave
rage
)
10 Source: 2008 NDHS
Fertility Comparison Nigeria and selected countries
Nigeria has a very high fertility compared to other nations, whether they be Muslim, Christian, richer or poorer, larger or smaller … Why?
In P
ersp
ectiv
e
11
Maternal Mortality
Source: www.worldmapper.org
In P
ersp
ectiv
e
Nigeria
MDG goal
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Mat
erna
l Mor
talit
y R
atio
Sources: 1990, 1999, 2003, and 2008 NDHS; MDG 2010 Report
MDG Goal #5: Lower Maternal Mortality Why is Nigeria failing to meet its goal?
In P
ersp
ectiv
e
12
13
Child Mortality
Source: www.worldmapper.org
In P
ersp
ectiv
e
Nigeria
MDG goal
0
50
100
150
200
250
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Chi
ld D
eath
s pe
r 100
0 Li
ve
Birt
hs
Photo by Joachim
Huber Sources: 1990, 2003, and 2008 NDHS; MDG 2010 Report
MDG Goal #4: Lower Child Mortality Why is Nigeria failing to meet its goal?
In P
ersp
ectiv
e
14
15
Government Spending on Healthcare
Source: www.worldmapper.org
In P
ersp
ectiv
e
40
50
60
70
500 1,500 2,500
Life
Exp
ecta
ncy
at B
irth
(yea
rs)
GDP per Person in US Dollars (purchasing power adjusted)
16 Source: www.gapminder.org
Health Comparison, 2010 Many countries with less wealth than Nigeria have achieved better health
In P
ersp
ectiv
e
Bangladesh
Nigeria Chad
Senegal
Guinea Ghana
Malawi Why?
17
HIV Prevalence
Source: FMOH 2010
GON’s Response thus far
• Political will – country ownership • Policies, Guidelines; Coordination
bodies o National Strategic Health Development
Plan (NSHDP) 2010-2015 o National Policy on Population for
Sustainable Development (NPPSD) o National Primary Health Care
Development Agency (NPHCDA) o MDG Office - Oversight of Public
Expenditure in Nigeria (OPEN) o NEEDS; NAPEP
• Health Bill
What must Nigeria do?
• Ensure leadership, governance, management and accountability
• Improve Human Resources for Health (HRH)
• Improve delivery of the highest impact interventions, particularly at the PHC level
• Reduce poverty – Poverty – Ignorance – Disease
• Curb Population growth
