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History 141 Online
Victoria Herrera
Ning Site Posting #1
The Americas in the 19th Century
Chinese migrants increased the ethnic diversity of American populations and stimulated economic development in the western hemisphere
In the 18th and 19th centuries almost all the lands of the western hemisphere won independence from European Colonial powers
Ideas from the Declaration of independence changed over time to become more equal to “all men”
The United States doubled in size by purchasing France's Louisiana Territory
The U.S. Army relocated indigenous people of North America, the most important of these was the forced removal of Cherokees from the eastern woodlands
The Americas in the 19th Century
Abolition didn’t bring full equality for blacks in northern states but it did help to distinguish between slave and free states
Abraham Lincoln thought that slavery was immoral
The Emancipation Proclamation had little immediate effect on slaves' status
The victory of the northern states ended slavery in the U.S.
John A. MacDonald became the first prime minister of Canada
Latin America was very interested in Enlightenment values and republican ideals but leaders had little experience with self government
The Little Ice Age
In 1645 glaciers started moving slowly and engulfed farms and crushed entire villages
In parts of Europe and North America temperatures plummeted and harsh weather set in
The Little Ice Age was abundantly documented by human observers
On average the world was 1 to 2 degrees cooler than it is today
Many scientists have different theories about the temperature drop
Some popular ideas as to what caused these bitter years include a decrease in solar activity, an increase in volcanic activity or a change in ocean circulation
Frontiers of the Americas
Jefferson decided to purchase Louisiana because he felt uneasy about France and Spain having the power to block American trade access to the port of New Orleans
The American government used $3 million in gold as a down payment, and issued bonds for the balance
The Haitian Revolution was a period of brutal conflict in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, leading to the elimination of slavery and the establishment of Haiti as the first republic ruled by people of African ancestry
By the 1730's Saint-Domingue together with Jamaica had become the main supplier of the world's sugar
The Haitian Revolution was influential in slave rebellions in the United States and British colonies
Frontiers of the Americas
Prince Alexander traveled around the world and studied different tribes and collected insects and plants from each area
Karl Bodmer was a Swiss painter of the American West. He was hired by Maximilian to record images of the different tribes along the way as they traveled
Bodmer's pieces of art are recognized as the most accurate painted images ever made of Native Americans
A public recognition of valor was extremely important to these men
The honor of men depended on how well they upheld the standards of the groups in which they sought recognition
Even when the law was ineffective, killing to make a point was always defined by the authorities as a crime
Crossroads of Freedom
To “win” the war the South needed only to defend with it already possessed by repelling enemy invasions and wearing out the wall of the Northern people
The soldiers' affection for McClellan became legendary
Robert E. Lee was a great risk-taker
April 6th the confederates attacked, they caught Grant by surprise and drove his army back toward the river
McClellan insisted that Johnston outnumbered his army 2 to 1
Lincoln relieved McClellan of his post as general
The Confederates pulled out of Norfolk thus yielding the most important naval yard in the South to the Yankees
Crossroads of Freedom
Jackson became the most renowned commander in the South and most feared in the North
The Seven Days Battle produced 20,000 Confederate causalities
During the Seven Days Lincoln took several actions to revitalize the Union was effort
Congress passed a militia act that authorized the president to call state militia into federal service for 9 months and to draft them if a state failed to fulfill its quota
Other than events on the battlefield and the worsening cotton famine, the slavery issue influenced European attitudes
Thousands of slaves worked as army laborers, teamsters, cooks, musicians, servants, and in other capacities
Crossroads of Freedom
The Union became embarrassed when they failed to capture Chattanooga. They must develop effective cavalry of their own.
The Union decided to combine the two armies in order to take on Lee's army of 200,000 men
No one was more aware of the army's demoralization than Lincoln
Four of Lincoln's Cabinet members signed a memorandum urging the president to dismiss McClellan
Lincoln decided to keep McClellan and actually put him in charge of the whole army. And it turned out to be a good idea.
Republicans favored a prolongation of the was and Democrats wished to bring it to a termination
Great events awaited the outcome of Lee's decision to cross the Potomac
Crossroads of Freedom
Pope had been outgeneralled, but he hoped to turn this embarrassment into an opportunity to “bag Jackson”
Lee launched the invasion with 55,000 men and ended up making up for his losses at Second Manassas
The hardest fighting outfit was commanded by John Bell Hood
McClellan would take no initiative without “absolute assurance of success”
The Army of Northern Virginia was not utterly beaten as McClellan claimed
Lincoln had a draft of a proclamation of emancipation in his desk for almost 2 months while he waited for the military situation to improve
“Without slavery the rebellion could never have existed; without slavery it could not continue”
No other campaign and battle in the war had such momentous, multiple consequences as Antietam