March 12, 2018
Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir
Jewish Funders Network
Deputy Chair, the Haredi Institute for Public Affairs
Data is only half the story…
and sometimes it’s the wrong story.
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4.0%11.2% 14.2% 17.8% 22.0%
32.1%16.0%
20.8%21.2%
21.4%21.0%
19.2%
80.0%68.0% 64.5% 60.7% 57.1%
48.6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1980 2015 2025 2035 2045 2065
Population distribution and forecast
Haredim Arabs Non-haredi Jews and others
Source: analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics’ data, 1980;For the years 2015-2065 – “Israel’s Population as of 2017 and Scenarios for Future Population Growth,” Presentation, Dr. Ahmad Hleihel, Central Bureau of Statistics. 3
Source: The Haredi Institute for Public Affairs Data: Labor Force Survey of the Central Bureau of Statistics, 2015.
Population distribution by age
20% 18% 15% 12% 9% 11% 9% 7% 5% 4% 4% 3% 3% 2%
60%58%
56%57% 64%
69% 72% 73% 76% 82% 85% 88% 86% 91%
20%24%
29% 31%27%
20% 19% 20% 19%14% 11% 9% 11%
7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0-4 5-9 10-14 15-17 18-24 25-29 30-34 35-44 45-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+
Haredim Non-haredi Jews and others Arabs
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How does haredi employment compare with non-haredi employment?
Source: Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir, “Integration of Diverse Populations in Employment,” The Haredi Institute for Public Affairs , 2017. Data: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics’ Labor Force Survey, 2017.
37.1%
49.5%51.7%
73.4%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Men Women
Employment Rate – Haredim Working age (25-64)
2004 2017
2020 Target:63%
87.8%82.1%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Men Women
Employment Rate – Non-Haredi Jews, 2017
Working age (25-64)
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Typical Characteristics of Haredi Society
• Education system focused on identity formation, not job-market preparedness;
• Torah study ideal among haredi men, women are oftentimes the main breadwinner;
• Large families (Total Fertility Rate among haredi women – 6.91, vs. 2.65among non-haredi Jewish women).1
• Preference for segregated lifestyle (residential, work place, etc.)
1Source: Ahmed Hleihel, “Fertility Among Jewish Women in Israel, by Level of Religiosity, 1979-2014.” Central Bureau of Statistics’ Working Paper Series , No. 101 6
Haredi Women’s Employment
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Haredi women work fewer hours
Source: Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir, Shlomit Shahino-Kesler and Assaf Tsachor-Shai, “Haredi Women’s Underemployment", Haredi Institute for Public Affairs, 2018 (forthcoming).Data: the Central Bureau of Statistics' Labor Force Survey, 20151 Source: Nitsa (Kaliner) Kasir and Assaf Tsachor-Shai, “Haredi Women’s Employment and Poverty in the Haredi Community,” Haredi Institute for Public Affairs , 2018 (forthcoming).
A large proportion of haredi women working part time
are involuntary part-time workers – one out of four.1
35.1
28.2
Number of hours worked per week
Non-Haredi Jewish women Haredi women
20%-
20.5%
35.5%
Non-Haredi Jewishwomen
Haredi women
Part-time employment (out of overall employment)
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Haredi women earn less
Source: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics’ Household Expenditure Survey, 2016.
₪9,226
₪6,718
Non-Haredi Jewish women Haredi women
Average income from salaried work – women2016(25-64),
- 27%
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₪58
₪55
Non-Haredi Jewish womenHaredi women
- 7%
Average hourly wage from salaried work – womenWorking age (25-64), 2016
Haredi women employed mainly in education
19%
44%
Education
Non-Haredi Jewish women Haredi women
Women employed in education
Source: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics’ Labor Force Survey, 2015, ages 25-64.
Education, 44%
Health, welfare and
social services, 19%
Wholesale and retail; car mechanics , 6%
Professional, scientific and
technical services, 5%
IT and communications, 4%
Financial services and
insurance, 3%
Industry and manufacturing, 2%
Local authorities, public administration
and security, 2% Other industries,
13%
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Sectoral employment distribution – women
Challenges in haredi women’s employment
• Limited fields of vocational training;
• Training for low-income jobs, and not in fields relevant to the Israeli job market;
• Shortage of jobs in the relevant fields in which haredi women are trained;
• Reluctance to pursue academic studies.
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So where do we go from here?Steps the Haredi Institute for Public Affairs is taking
• Mapping current and future trends in the job market;
• Working with school principals to adapt curricula and career training to meet market demands and to implement curricula already in high school, for optimum post-high school professional training;
• Working with the Ministry of Health to develop career options in healthcare services and paramedical professions;
• Working hand in hand with rabbinic and communal leadership.
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Haredi Men’s Employment
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Haredi men work fewer hours
Source: The Haredi Institute for Public AffairsData: the Central Bureau of Statistics' Labor Force Survey, 2015 , ages 25-64.
43.5
34.7
Non-haredi Jewish men Haredi men
20%-
6.4%
24.7%
Non-haredi Jewish men Haredi men
Part-time employment (out of overall employment)
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Number of hours worked per week
Source: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics’ Household Expenditure Survey, 2016, for employees aged 25-64 (self-defined as haredim).
Haredi men earn less
14,814
8,128
Non-haredi Jewish men Haredi men
- 45%
Average income from salaried work – men
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Haredi men employed mainly in education
5%
30%
Education
Non-haredi Jewish men Haredi men
Men employed in education
Source: Analysis of the Central Bureau of Statistics’ Labor Force Survey, 2015, ages 25-64.
Education, 30%
Wholesale and retail; car
mechanics , 15%
Industry and manufacturing, 10%
Other services, 7%
Health, welfare and social services, 6%
Professional, scientific and technical services,
4%
Transportation, storage, postal
and courier services, 4%
Construction, 4%
Management and support services, 3%
Local authorities, public administration
and security, 3%
IT and communications, 3%
Other industries, 11%
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Sectoral employment distribution – men
Challenges in haredi men’s employment
• The education system focuses solely on Torah studies;
• Torah study is the preferred choice among most men, with studies typically continuing till age 23-24, if not longer;
• Most of the men joining the workforce are married with children;
• Cultural and social gaps that hamper their integration.
• Advantages to Hiring Haredi Men • High level of learning capabilities• Married men/fathers are committed to their job and employer.
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➢Mapping out the demand in the hi-tech job market• No need for formal (academic) education
• Opportunity to tap into the latent haredi human capital
➢Integration into the civil service• Largest employer in the economy
• Instituting standards that will enable recruitment of suitable candidates from the haredi community
➢Tax reforms• Enabling men who are working to maximize child tax credits (beneficial for all sectors of society).
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So where do we go from here?Steps being taken/recommended by the Haredi Institute of Public Affairs
Vision without action is a daydream; action without vision is a nightmare.
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